would interfere with the liberty of the small Powers, whereupon Dr. Zorn (Germany) said: "Although we have objected to obligatory Arbitration, Germany yields to no Power in her devotion to the cause of Peace, and in her determination to do whatever can safely be done to secure the triumph of Arbitration. As the discussions have proceeded Germany has made the welcome discovery that on the part of all the Powers there was no motive but that of an earnest desire to seek Peace and establish it. She therefore entered heartily into the great peace-making work in which the Conference was engaged. He therefore declared that in the name of Germany he accepted Act 27."

After Mr. Holls (U.S.A.) and Count Nigra (Italy) had supported it, M. Bourgeois (France), the President of the Commission, made a most eloquent speech that electrified the Conference. There were little Powers and great Powers, but the measure of their greatness was not in the square miles of their territory, the number of their population, or the strength of their armaments. The greatness of a Power was measured by the grandeur of its ideas, and by the fidelity with which it was true to the principles upon which the progress of humanity depended.

He appealed to the Conference to recognise the duty incumbent upon it to secure the application of this great instrument of Peace by associating it with the sublime conception of an international duty, solemnly undertaken and publicly proclaimed. After this Art 27 passed with acclamation.

FRIDAY, JULY 21ST.-At the Plenary Session the Conference began the consideration of the First Committee's report, which gave rise to an interesting discussion on the subject of explosive bullets.

Captain Crozier, the United States Delegate, proposed, with the support of Sir Julian Pauncefort, the following amendment :

"The use of bullets inflicting needlessly cruel wounds, such as explosive bullets, and, generally, every kind of bullet which exceeds the limit necessary for immediately rendering a man incapable of fighting, is prohibited."

This amendment provoked a sharp discussion. In the end the new proposition was rejected by seventeen votes against eight. Jonkheer Van Karnebeek's report was then adopted without further debate.

SATURDAY, JULY 22ND.-The Third Committee passed Articles 9 to 13, which had been left over for the consideration of Roumania, Servia, and Greece; then adopted successively, with some slight verbal modifications only, Articles 36 to 56, which alone remained to be dealt with.

The Arbitration scheme was then adopted as a whole, the Arbitration Committee thus bringing its labours to a successful conclusion.

MONDAY, JULY 24TH-The First Delegates met and examined the provisions of the Final Act.

TUESDAY, JULY 25TH.—The last meeting of the Peace Conference, before the signature of the Final Act, closed with a graceful tribute by Count Nigra to the compositors in the Government printing offices, who had been worked night and day getting out the procés verbaux and other documents. He moved a special vote of thanks to "those laborious workmen, fellow labourers, and co-operators with the Conference." The resolution was carried with great enthusiasm.

The Final Act embodying the results of the Peace Conference, after enumerating the names and qualifications of all the Delegates who have taken part in the deliberations, says :

"In the series of meetings in which the above-mentioned Delegates have been throughout inspired by the desire to realise in the largest possible measure the generous views of its august initiator, the Conference has drawn up for the signature of the plenipotentiaries and the approval of their Governments the text of the conventions and declarations hereafter enumerated and appended to the present Act :

"I. A convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes.

"II. A convention concerning the laws and customs of war on land.

"III. A convention for the adaptation to naval warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of 1864.

"IV. Three declarations concerning-(1) The prohibition of the throwing of projectiles and explosives from balloons or by other analogous means; (2) the prohibition of the use of projectiles which have for their sole object the diffusion of asphyxiating or

deleterious gases; (3) the prohibition of the use of bullets which expand easily in the human body."

The Final Act then contains the five following expressions of opinion :

"I. The Conference resolves that the Governments, taking into consideration the proposals made in the Conference, should study the possibility of an agreement concerning the limitation of military and naval forces, and of the war budgets.

"II. The Conference expresses the opinion that the question of the rights and duties of neutrals should be inscribed on the programme of a Conference to be held at an early date.

"III. The Conference expresses the opinion that questions relative to the type and the calibre of rifles and naval artillery, such as have been examined by it, should be the subject of study by the different Governments, with a view to arriving eventually at a uniform solution by means of a further Conference.

"IV. The Conference, taking into consideration the preliminary steps taken by the Swiss Federal Government for the revision of the Geneva Convention, expresses the wish that a special Conference be shortly convened for the purpose of revising this convention.

"V. The Conference has resolved unanimously, with the exception of a few abstentions, that the following questions should be reserved for examination by future Conferences :(1) A proposal tending to declare the inviolability of private property in war on land; (2) a proposal regulating the question of the bombardment of ports, towns, and villages by a naval force."

This Final Act will be signed by the Delegates who have the powers of plenipotentiaries, and will be accompanied by the text of the conventions, which will be signed by several countries and will remain open for the eventual adhesion of others. Great Britain makes reserves, declaring that she does not accept the second and third declarations, or the third and fifth resolutions.

SIR JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE'S ESTIMATE OF THE CONFERENCE.

THERE is quite a buoyant tone among the Delegates at what Sir Julian Pauncefote described as "the unhoped-for results," and he is of opinion that even the work done in Commission No. 1 will not be without beneficial consequences. As Sir Julian Pauncefote says, everybody knew long before the Conference assembled that disarmament was out of the question. There can, therefore, be no disappointment on that score. But, together with other distinguished members of the Conference, he believes that it will be difficult to continue arming on the same scale as before. The proceedings in Commission No. 1 are calculated to produce a powerful impression on public feeling throughout the world which will tell against exaggerated armaments and, perhaps, some years hence another Conference will be able to deal with the question of the limitation of armaments.

Sir Julian Pauncefote considers that Commission No 2 has done invaluable work with the revised declaration of the Brussels Conference and the extension of the Red Cross to maritime warfare. Some of the most distinguished jurists of the time have worked in collaboration at the revision and completion of the laws of war. The result of their labours will now provide a basis for rules that will in future be put in force in time of war by all civilised nations. The extension of the Geneva Convention to maritime warfare will admit of ambulance ships saving life during naval engagements without interfering with the operations of fleets in action.

But the greatest gain for the civilised world through the Peace Conference at The Hague is undoubtedly what has been done to promote Arbitration, and in particular the Permanent International Court, the initiative of which is so largely due to Sir Julian Pauncefote himself. It is observed sometimes that Arbitration existed before the Conference and was in frequent application. But, as was sagaciously remarked by the American delegate, Mr. Seth Low, electricity existed long before telegraphy, telephones, and motor-cars, but it was its permanent application that first developed its full value. Sir Julian Pauncefote considers that now a permanent Court will be opened, Arbitration will become general, and will thus reflect a complete reform in international diplomacy. Previously, when Arbitration was proposed it tooka

long time to find suitable Arbitrators, and there was much delay in the preliminaries. Now, everything will be ready in advance and the cost will be exceedingly moderate. When the idea of creating a Court of Arbitration was mooted on former occasions the objection was that there must be permanent Judges in receipt of large salaries. In the present scheme the whole cost of the central bureau will scarcely exceed a couple of thousand pounds, to be met by the signatory States, so that each of them will have but an insignificant fraction to pay.

Sir Julian Pauncefote, like many other Delegates I have consulted, firmly believes that there will be a powerful current of public opinion in favour of Arbitration now that a prompt and practical form of application has been provided for it. The States themselves, when a conflict arises, will no more turn their backs on Arbitration than a hungry man will fail to enter a restaurant he sees, where good fare at a cheap rate awaits him. Some people may be inclined to think that the confidence of the Delegates themselves in the future of Arbitration as codified by the Conference at The Hague is due to amour propre d'auteur, in other words, to their having had a hand in it. Personally, I am convinced that such is not at all the case. I would venture to suggest that, the eminent diplomatists and authorities on international law who have contributed to the task of the Conference, being themselves well pleased with the result, the outside world is likely to be rewarded if it will only have a little patience and see bow Arbitration works.-Times.

AGENTS AND AUXILIARIES.

BIRMINGHAM AUXILIARY.

THE Rev. J. J. Ellis reports as follows:

Sunday, June 11th, EASENHALL, Congregational Sunday School, Address.

STRETTON-UNDER-FOSSE, Congregational Sunday School Address,

also Sermon.

Sunday, June 19th, BIRMINGHAM, Tent in Cherrywood Street, Address.

Sunday, June 25th, BIRMINGHAM, Wycliffe Baptist Chapel P.S.A., Address.

Sunday, July 2, ERDINGTON, Public Hall P.S.A., Address. Sunday, July 2nd, WYLDE GREEN, Congregational Chapel, Sermon.

Sunday, July 9th, KIDDERMINSTER, Milton Hall, Sunday School Address, Sermon "Wisdom and War."

Sunday, July 16th, SMETHWICK, Tent, Baldwin Street, Address. Five addresses and one Sermon had direct reference to Peace. I have also visited Leamington, Rugby, Solihull, Sutton-Coldfield, Stourbridge, putting in an appearance at eight Committees and Conferences.

On July 1st, a manifesto entitled "Peace or War with the Traansvaal?" was issued; 700 copies were sent through the post to Cabinet Ministers; Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Gospel Ministers, Labour Leaders, Newspaper Editors, etc. The circular, reproduced as a large bill, has been well displayed on the hoardings of Birmingham city and suburbs. To force a war on the Transvaal, under the pretext of securing a vote for the Outlanders, would be an act of cowardice as well as a crime.

WANTED-A MAN.

By DR. HOLLAND.

GOD give us men! a time like this demands

Strong minds, great hearts, true faith and ready hands.
Men whom the lust of office does not kill-
Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy-
Men who possess opinions and a will-

Men who have honour-men who will not lie-
Men who can stand before a demagogue,

And damn his treacherous flatteries without winking-
Tall men, sun crowned, who live above the fog
In public duty and in private thinking-

For, while the rabble with their thumb-worn creeds,
Their large professions and their little deeds,
Mingle in selfish strife, lo! Freedom weeps,
Wrong rules the land, and waiting Justice sleeps.

THOUGHTS FOR THE HOUR.

BY PASTOR J. CLARK.

BE calm, O hearts of men,

In this dark hour of strife;
Far, far above earth's battle-roar
Still reigns the Lord of Life.
His legions onward go,

To work His sovereign will;
With Him it rests to bring forth good
From what to us seems ill.

The nations need our prayers,
And strong our cries should be,

That Peace and love should take the place
Of strife and enmity.

Men love to cover o'er

Their purposes of shame;
And often deeds they count as fair
Deserve a darker name.

The mighty need not deem

That vantage, gained or given,
Is surest pledge that they are right,
And stand secure with Heaven.
The records of to-day

Time's hand may soon efface,
And Truth's stern finger write in fire
Far truer in their place.

What mortals call success

Is fruitful soil for pride;
And pride develops vanity,
And many a sin beside.
Soon may the blood-red sword
Lie still and rust away;
And all the peoples of the earth
Yield to Immanuel's sway.

Westchester Station, Nova Scotia.

CONSCRIPTION AT MIDDLESBOROUGH.

AT the close of an address on Peace questions at the Friends' Adult Schools, Middlesborough, on Sunday, July 23rd, Lord Lansdowne's recent speech on the decrease of enlistment in the army and the desirability of balloting for the militia was discussed, and the following resolution was unanimously adopted: "The Scholars of the Friends' Adult Schools desire to enter an emphatic protest against the suggestions made by Lord Lansdowne, which practically would introduce a system of conscription into England. Such a system they regard as a gross interference with the liberty of the subject, and a step in direct opposition to the letter and spirit of the Gospel of Christ."

THE GOOD TEMPLARS AND THE PEACE
CONFERENCE.

THE following, signed by Bro. Joseph Malins, R. W. G. Templar, and Bro. Colonel B. F. Parker, R. W. G. Secretary, has been transmitted by Bro. Dr. W. Evans Darby to the representatives of the Powers at the Peace Conference now assembled at The Hague :-

The International Supreme Lodge of the Independant Order of Good Templars, now in biennial session at the city of Toronto, called from every civilised land, sends greeting to the Congress of the Nations in peaceful mission at The Hague, and ventures the expression of a sincere desire that its deliberations may compass all the pacific purposes of the eminent and gracious Sovereign at whose instance it has assembled. This unofficial representative gathering at the metropolis of Ontario, assembled in the interests of the great cause of humanity, recognised the transcendent significance of the official gathering in the cradle of liberty among the dykes of the Lowlands of Europe, and it joins in the glad, sweet refrain, as it rises from the hearts and the homes of humanity everywhere, "On earth, peace; goodwill toward men."

INTERNATIONAL

ARBITRATION.

THE eighteenth Conference of the International Law Association will be held in the Council Chamber, City Hall, Buffalo, State of New York, from August 31st to September 2nd, by invitation of the American Bar Association, which will hold its annual meeting in that city from August 28th to 30th. Among those who are going from England to attend the conference are Mr. Justice Kennedy (who will be President of the Conference), Judge Raikes, Q.C., Mr. Joseph Walton, Q.C., Sir John Scott (Deputy Judge-Advocate-General), Mr. Carver, Q.C., Dr. W. Evans Darby (Secretary of the Peace Society), Mr. Joseph G. Alexander, and Mr. George G. Phillimore (Honorary General Secretaries of the Association), Mr. A. F. Morgan, and Miss Sophie Morgan, delegates of the Peace Society. Several members of the Canadian Bar have also promised to attend. Papers will be read by Mr. Justice Kennedy, Judge Raikes, Q.C., Mr. Joseph Walton, Q.C., and Mr. Carver, Q.C.

A PROTEST from the Society of Friends has been issued in a minute of a meeting held in London, on the 4th "of the Eighth Month," 1899. It was resolved that "This representative meeting of the Society of Friends views with grave concern the introduction into Parliament of a Bill to amend the long disused Militia Ballot Act. It cannot but regard such a measure, taken in conjunction with statements made by members of the Government, as preliminary to the enforcement of

[PRICE 1d.

The

compulsory military service in this country. Society of Friends has ever held that war is contrary to the spirit and teaching of Christ; and, believing that His commands are those that claim allegiance above all others, they desire to record their protest against any extension of that militarism which is the increasingly recognised cause of so much evil. They hold that any attempt to enforce compulsory military service is an infringement of the liberty of conscience which we have so long enjoyed, and which is one of the greatest privileges of citizenship in this country. They therefore earnestly desire that no portion of these advantages should be withdrawn, and, further, that the Militia Ballot Act should be repealed and not amended." Copies of the minute have been sent to Lord Salisbury and Lord Lansdowne.

IT has been decided that the National Memorial of the Thousandth Anniversary of the death of King Alfred the Great, which falls in 1901, shall consist of a statute of the King at Winchester, where he is buried, together with a hall to be used as a museum of Early English History. The executive committee are arranging for the publication of a popular book, with a view to diffusing public knowledge of Alfred's life and work, and have also under consideration the expediency of holding an exhibition of objects pertaining to the Alfred period, in London during the anniversary year. Alfred was great in Peace no less than in war-indeed it is this which gives him a unique claim to the memory and gratitude of posterity.

SOLDIER AND PARSON.-Lincolnshire can boast of a clergyman-Rev. John Gilbert Surman, rector of Healing-who has been trying to combine both the clerical and the military life. He was charged on Saturday before the Chancellor of the diocese with being illegally absent from his parish in the years 1897 and 1898. In the former year he was non-resident 126 days, and in the latter 108 days. All other defences failing, he pleaded that he was absent on the Queen's service. It appears that he actually holds a commission as a Volunteer officer, and, for something like four months out of each year, he has forsaken his parish to go off volunteering. The Chancellor ruled that Mr. Surman's military performances were a distinct offence against ecclesiastical law, and he added that he could not conceive of anything more improper or indecent when there was no

call or necessity for it. The defaulting rector was fined one-third of the annual value of the benefice for each year. We welcome this timely reminder of the fact that the Gospel of Peace and the practice of war are incompatible, and that soldiering is a crime against ecclesiastical law.

SOME details of President Kruger's private life have been given by the Hon. John Tudhope, late Colonial Secretary of Cape Colony, to a British Weekly interviewer. The President lives in a plain little cottage of one storey, with a thatched roof, a fine garden and orchard, and water running before the door. There may, perhaps, be seven or eight rooms in the house. It is the custom to call early in the morning, soon after dawn, in fact, and to drink with Mr. Kruger the matutinal coffee. The Volksraad allows him a coffee grant for the entertainment of strangers. He is accessible to nearly everybody. The only signs of official dignity are the two guards in tan uniform lounging in front of the house. Mrs. Kruger is a simple old lady, who takes no part in State affairs.

THE death of the Tzarevitch, says the News, though it has been regarded as imminent for some years past, cannot fail to come as a painful shock to the Imperial Family of Russia. To the wider world the young Prince who has passed away was scarcely known. A delicate childhood was followed by a fragile youth and a feeble manhood. Not all the resources of the highest medical skill sufficed to cure, hardly even served to stay but for the briefest time, the ravages of that fell disorder consumption, to which also his father, a Samson among men as he had been, ultimately fell a victim. The Tzar having now only daughters, the succession therefore passes to the youngest brother of the Tzar, the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovitch, a young man of twenty-one, after whom, in the succession, comes a long -almost an endless-line of uncles and cousins.

The mere

IN the long communication on the results of the Peace Conference at The Hague which the Russian Foreign Office has published in the Official Messenger, after a repetition of the two famous circulars of Count Muravieff, which are stated to have been most sympathetically received by all the Governments to which they were addressed, the following passage occurs: "In taking steps to convoke this Conference, the Imperial Government did not flatter itself with exaggerated hopes as to the possibility of an immediate fulfilment of the proposed task. collective discussion of it by all the foreign Governments which have been for so many years exclusively occupied in perfecting their preparations for war seemed to be almost beyond the possibility of realisation. Having no self-interested motives or secret political plans, the Imperial Government was from the first prepared to encounter all kinds of difficulties in the way of the Conference, but it never lost hope that the humanitarian intentions of the Emperor would be appreciated at their true worth by the Governments taking part in the Conference, and that, notwithstanding possible objections to some of the propositions, they would not refuse their strenuous co-operation in this great and sacred work.'

THE Queen has been pleased to confer a Peerage of the United Kingdom upon his Excellency the Right Hon. Sir Julian Pauncefote, G.C.B., her Majesty's Ambassador to the United States. Sir Julian Pauncefote, whose name is now added to the list of eminent diplomatists who have been elevated to the House of Lords in recent years, will soon complete his seventyfirst year. The son of a Gloucestershire country gentleman, the late Mr. Robert Pauncefote, of Preston Court, Gloucestershire, he was born in Munich, on Sept. 13th, 1828, and after being educated at Marlborough College, Paris and Geneva, he decided to enter the legal profession, and was called to the Bar in 1852. He joined the Oxford Circuit, but at an early date resolved to enter public life. When the Conference at The Hague was being arranged, it was at once recognised that Sir Julian Pauncefote was the man above all others to represent Great Britain at a congress where Arbitration was to be one of the chief topics. It was upon Sir Julian's scheme that was founded the Convention for the establishment of an International Arbitration Tribunal, which is the chief work accomplished by the Conference. Presumably it is for his services in this connection that Sir Julian has now been elevated to the House of Lords.

SIR JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE, on his elevation to the peerage, will take the title of Baron Pauncefote of Preston. The latter part of the title, which, of course, will be dropped in ordinary correspondence, is taken from the above-mentioned Preston Court, a very ancient home of his forefathers, and Garter King-at-Arms has been consulted in the matter and states that, although the property for the present has passed into the hands of Church authorities, Sir Julian has a perfect right to the title. The Pauncefotes are a most interesting family, and date back some 600 years. The name comes from the French "Pensezforte," which is the family crest. In his researches Sir Julian has discovered that one of his ancestors was a knight in the Crusades, Sir Grimwald Pauncefote, of Crickhowell, South Wales, on the River Usk. Crickhowell Church still stands, and within the building is a recumbent statue of Sir Grimwald and his wife, dated 1303, and a notice that the church was built, and effigies put up, by Lady Sybil Pauncefote, in memory of her husband, Sir Grimwald. Sir Julian is the first peer in the family.

SIR JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE will resume his post as Ambassador at Washington in October, after again visiting The Hague to complete some detail work connected with the Peace Conference. His Excellency will leave Washington in March or April next, on his retirement from the Diplomatic Service. It is expected that the Alaska negotiations, which remain more or less in abeyance during the vacation, will be resumed on his return to Washington.

APOSTLES of the doctrine of Peace by force will welcome the latest irenicon of the German Emperor. Mr. George Edmund Foss, member for Chicago in the American House of Representatives, accompanied by Captain Beehler, American Naval Attaché, is said to have been received at Kiel by the Emperor William, on

board the "Hohenzollern," and to have had a conversation, lasting three-quarters of an hour, with the Emperor. His Majesty (says the Daily News) began by referring to the remarks attributed to Admiral Dewey, declaring that he had not given credence to the newspaper reports. Mr. Foss answered that he had just come from Trieste, where, with the American Ambassador in Vienna, he had had lengthy conversations with the Admiral, who touched upon the Philippines question, and in no way showed any hostility to Germany. The Emperor declared his conviction that the relations between Germany and America would always remain friendly. The German-Americans would take good care of that, and would not permit any aggressive and hostile policy towards Germany. His Majesty then passed on to the increase of the German and American fleets, and remarked: "Formerly it was the strong German army which was the chief support of the European peace. But the future of the nation lies on the ocean, and there each Power must try to be sufficiently strong to protect its interests properly. The increase of the German fleet by no means involves threat to any other Power, for the stronger a nation is at sea, the more will others hesitate before beginning hostilities. The increase of navies is, therefore, in reality the best Peace Conference."

THE honour bestowed by the Emperor William upon his Ambassador at Paris naturally excites wide attention at Berlin. Count Münster, who was the leading German representative at the Hague, has taken the title of Fürst von Derneburg from the name of his family estate in Hanover. But so perverse is the spirit of militarism, it is not believed there that the dignity was conferred on Fürst Münster for his services at the Peace Conference. The general opinion seems to be that this new dignity for the German representative in France is in pursuance of the Kaiser's consistent policy of conciliation towards that country. Frenchmen, it is added, will accept it as a compliment paid to their country. Following so closely as it does on the friendly interchange of telegrams between President Loubet and the Emperor William, on the occasion of the latter's visit to the "Iphigénie" in Bergen Harbour, the compliment is regarded in Berlin as a step intended to pave the way for a better understanding between the two countries. So be it. The further fact, however, remains, that Germany has accepted and signed the Resolutions of the Peace Conference.

THE Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference was opened on the morning of the 2nd August, at Christiania, by M. Steen, Norwegian Minister of State, with a speech in which he expressed the hope that the members of the Conference would come to know the Norwegian people, which was an enlightened, sturdy, energetic, and, above all, peace-loving, self-respecting, law-abiding people, which desired to possess freedom full and entire. This was the deep reason of the love of the Norwegian National Assembly for the idea of Peace. The late M. Nobel had entrusted to the Storthing the task of awarding the prize of Peace. M. Steen then alluded to the position of Sweden and Norway, which he described as neutral States. M. John Lund, President of the Lagthing, was elected President of the Conference by acclamation. Telegrams of

greeting were received from M. de Beernaert, M. Descamps, M. Trarieux, and Marshal Martinez Campos, from the Presidents of the Greek, Servian, and Hungarian Chambers, and from Mr. Gully, Speaker of the British House of Commons.

AT the second day's sitting of the Conference a proposal was submitted by the Marquis Pandolfi, that congratulations should be conveyed to the Tzar and the Governments which were represented at The Hague Conference, upon the happy and important results achieved, and expressing the wish that diplomatic conferences such as that held at The Hague on the invitation of the Tzar should be renewed as often as possible, and that thereby the basis for a permanent Court of Arbitration between nations should be as far as possible established, and the way gradually prepared for public legislation in the domain of international law. At the same time it was proposed that the delegates should be requested to endeavour to induce their Governments to give their adhesion to The Hague Conventions, in so far as they might not yet have done so, and to conclude The Conference nnanimously Arbitration treaties.

agreed to a motion by Mr. Barrow, acknowledging the efforts made by the President of the United States to establish in the legislation of civilised States the principle of inviolability of private property at sea in time of war. The proceedings of the Conference were brought to a close in the afternoon. It was unanimously agreed to accept the invitation to hold next year's Conference in Paris.

A TERRIBLE story of women torture comes from Komorn, in Hungary. It is told by the Vienna correspondent of the Daily News. It seems that some time ago the safe of the municipality was robbed of nearly 3,000 florins. Numerous arrests were made, but the thieves were not discovered. It was then that torture was applied to six of the prisoners, among whom were three women. The Mayor and Councillors of Komorn were present. The prisoners were thrashed with redhot iron rods, burning spirit lamps were placed under their bare feet, and the blades of penknives inserted under their finger-nails. These barbarous proceedings did not lead to the desired result, and finally the thief, who was not among the six, confessed his guilt. Strange to say, neither the Mayor nor the worthy members of the Council have yet been suspended.

By now there are about 6,000 of the Russian Doukhobors, the persecuted "spirit wrestlers," in Canada. Accounts of the arrival of the first batch of 2,000 on the "Lake Huron" have been published in News of the Doukhobors by Mr. Vladimir Tchertkoff. It was the largest number of emigrants ever conveyed to America by one ship. During the voyage, while the sea was running mountains high, a boy was born, and was promptly named Canada. Six couples were married on board. The Doukhobors are settled on large grants of land in the Winnipeg district, and arrangements are made for men not required for work in the colony to be employed on railway construction in their own districts for two or three years. Among the emigrants are men and women from eighty to eighty-five. The cleanliness and politeness of the