one of

was a large congregation at the City Temple, which followed Dr. Reuen Thomas's eloquent sermon with interest, liberally marked by frequent applause. Beginning with a reference to the most remarkable documents ever flashed across the electric wire," the Tzar's message of Peace, Dr. Thomas said that the idea of an Anglo-American alliance could have no enemy in America provided it was an alliance in the interests of Peace, of progress, and not of war and conquest; an alliance to defend and establish international political righteousness, and not merely to promote political supremacy; an alliance to lift up the load of cruel and unjust taxation from all industry, especially those enormous and unparalleled burdens which the envy and hate and jealousy organised in armies and navies had made the millions of God's poor to groan under. Of course, such an alliance would have its enemies. A man's foes are they of his own household. In America the Irish say they will oppose it to the death; but it was impossible to conceive America permitting herself to be used as a plane from which to shoot in every direction the barbed arrows of revenge. To the multitudes of industrial Germans and orderly Scandinavians of old Teutonic blood such an alliance must be welcome for the good it would bring to the toilers.

It would be no great wonder, if Germany herself should eventually crave place in such a Teutonic Federation. He had faith in the domestic qualities and common sense of the German people. This alliance, which animates the wisest and most humane on both sides of the sea, is indubitably one for the Church and its ministers. About three years ago a most unhappy condition of feeling arose between America and England, and a war was hanging in the balance. It was just before Christmas Day; that Sunday the whole heavens seemed black with clouds; but that Sunday every pulpit throughout the broad lands of the United States preached "Peace upon earth and goodwill." With one voice they pleaded for unity and Peace. Next week the newspapers began altering their tone. There have been various bases suggested for such an alliance between the two nations; the one he would refer to would be that which involved absolute reciprocity of trade; a tribunal to which should be referred for settlement all questions arising between the two nations, and that there should be a mutual pledge that an assault on one should be an assault on both. In true patriotism there must be Christian allegiance. This alliance must be one to break the yoke of the heavily-burdened, and to let the oppressed go free.

AGENTS AND AUXILIARY SOCIETIES.
BIRMINGHAM AUXILIARY.

A PRIVATE Conference of friends interested in International Arbitration and Peace was held in the afternoon of September 6th, 1898, in the Temperance Institute. Coun. R. F. Martineau presided, and among those present were Ald. G. Baker, Coun. S. Lloyd, Messrs. G. Tangye, A. F. Morgan, A. Caulkin, J. E. Baker, G. F. Parker, A. J. Cudworth, J. Hotchkiss, F. H. Fox, T. Wright, W. Finnemore, W. Priestman, C. A. Vince, J. Rutherford, T. J. Bisseker, J. W. Shorthouse, J. T. Wilson, R. H. Kirton, etc., the Revs. W. Ewing, J. Odell, J. Lockhart, A. Bage, J. N. Knight, S. Parkes, E. Salt, H. Edwards, J. Reid, J. A. Sharp, J. Hulme, E. H. Maggs, J. W. A. Sturdie, M. Rudkin, C. J. Sneath, J. J. Ellis, and several ladies.

Resolution 1, moved by Rev. W. Ewing, seconded by Mr. A. F. Morgan:-"That this Conference of the Friends of Peace hails with deep thankfulness the invitation which his Majesty, the Tzar of Russia, has given to all the Powers represented at his Court to a Conference for the discussion of plans for an International truce in armaments. This Conference expresses the earnest hope that the British Government will not only accept this invitation, but that it will, with a single mind, exert itself to the utmost to secure the success of deliberations which are fraught with the welfare and happiness of mankind. That this desire be communicated to the Marquis of Salisbury."

Resolution 2, moved by Consul J. Hotchkiss, seconded by Coun. S. Lloyd :-"That a Memorial be prepared for presentation to the Lord Mayor, requesting him to convene a town's meeting for the purpose of considering the momentous proposals of the Tzar, and assuring Her Majesty's Government of the hearty support of all classes and all parties in their co-operation with

Russia to secure these laudable objects. That those present, with power to add to their number, be a Committee to arrange for the preparation and presentation of the Memorial, and that Coun. Martineau be requested to act as Chairman, and Messrs. Joseph Sturge and J. W. Shorthouse as Treasurers, and Messrs. Barton, Vince, Finnemore, and Rutherford as Hon. Secretaries." This was supported by Mr. C. A. Vince and the Rev. E. Salt, and carried unanimously.

MANCHESTER AUXILIARY.

The opportunities for lecturing and giving addresses during the past two months have been very limited. Mr. Stevenson addressed a meeting at Heyrod Street, Manchester-Mr. William O'Hanlon in the chair-on the 24th July, there being 250 present. An address was also given on July 26th to the Marple Christian Endeavour Society-Chairman, Rev. William Allan-25 present; and on the 11th inst. he gave a Peace address to an audience of 150 at the Salford Dock Mission.

The recent Manifesto of the Tzar has given a gratifying opening for activity in our propaganda, and the opportunity has been taken to commence a vigorous campaign and to keep the Society and its operations well in evidence. Mr. Stevenson has been in correspondence with a large number of ministers, clergymen, public men, and others who have sympathy with the Society, and who have expressed in the public press and elsewhere their gratitude at the Tzar's Manifesto. Resolutions have been sent to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and to all the Lancashire Chambers excepting Liverpool; also to the Leeds and Bradford Chambers, to all the churches represented in the district, and to the various labour and other organisations, and to the leaders of the political parties, all expressing satisfaction at the message of the Tzar, and a hope that the Government will give every facility on its part for the proposed Conference. Communications have also been sent to the press, both secular and religious; and the activity recently shown, and for which the Committee are glad to have had the opportunity, has called forth many expressions of goodwill and offers of assistance from a variety of quarters. Mr. Stevenson is now booking many appointments for the winter session, which promises to be a very busy and useful one.

THE LATE MR. J. J. COLMAN.

THE Society has lost another of its staunch supporters by the death of Mr. Jeremiah James Colman, of Norwich, which took place on Sunday afternoon, September 18th, at his home at Corton, and in the same chamber in which his beloved wife, who was the daughter of Mr. W. H. Cozens-Hardy, of Letheringsett Hall, Norfolk, breathed her last just three years ago.

Mr. Colman has died before he had crossed the Psalmist's span of human life; yet nearly forty years have gone by since he began to take part in the municipal activities of Norwich. He was Sheriff in 1862, Mayor in 1867. In the former office he had as Mayoral colleague the late Mr. Henry Patteson, the year of whose death, by a remarkable coincidence, happens to be identical with his own. From the date of his Mayoralty Mr. Colman has always been, in the broader sense of the term, the chief citizen of Norwich. Who will deny that he has served her well? He has entertained her guests, he has offered hospitality to her visiting societies, at one time the British Association, at another the Trades Union Congress; he has represented her for a generation (24 years) in Parliament without leaving behind him a single political foe; he has aided and abetted her in all her philanthropic movements; he has supported with his presence or purse most of her multitudinous charities; he has lavishly assisted denominations to which he did not even belong. And, above all and beyond all, he has lived the life of a high-principled Godfearing man, a pattern to his fellow-citizens, and a praise to them that do well.

His aged mother, Mrs. James Colman, passed away three days before, and her interment took place the day after the death of

her son.

THOSE Christians best deserve the name Who studiously make Peace their aim;

Peace, both the duty and the prize

Of all who dwell beneath the skies.

WE would remind our readers that Peace Sunday will fall on the 18th December, and that this year especially there are reasons for thanksgiving, prayer, and earnest activity. It is arranged that invitations shall be addressed to all Ministers in charge in the kingdom, and although many have already preached on Peace and large demands for literature have

reached us, we hope that the occasion will be again used on Peace Sunday, and shall be glad to supply literature or information to all applicants.

IT will be obvious to our helpers whose co-operation each year is greatly appreciated, that this arrangement makes it impossible to divide the country into districts, even to the extent done in former years. If they will, however, try to stimulate ministers and churches in their localities they will render essential service, and the present offers a unique opportunity, such as we have never had and may not have again.

THE death of the Queen of Denmark, at the age of 81, is an event of domestic interest and sorrow in many of the greatest Courts in Europe, and not least in that of England, where the Princess of Wales mourns a beloved mother.

AT last the Turks are actually evacuating Crete, and Admiral Pottier has informed the Ottoman authorities that the Admirals will on the 4th prox. take over the administration of the island, pending the establishment of the new Government.

LATER news, however, is to the effect that the Porte hesitates, and is making more difficulty.

FROM St. Petersburg it is reported that all the Powers have now accepted the Tzar's invitation to take part in the Disarmament Conference. As each Power is to be represented by three delegates, the Congress will, as regards the number of members, be on a more extensive scale than any diplomatic assembly before.

AT the recent opening of the Wesleyan Home for Soldiers and Sailors in London, the Commander-inChief is reported to have said, "Taking the whole of our army at home, he was prepared to say that they were the most sober, best behaved, and moral of all the people he knew in Great Britain." With all due respect to Lord Wolseley, says the New Age, this is bunkum, pure unmitigated bunkum, and every garrison town of any size in England gives the lie to such a

contention. The very agitation for the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts makes this claim for the superiority of military over civil morals an impossibility.

THE Guards, remarks the Bradford Observer, have returned from the Soudan with that happy despatch which the new rail and river route renders possible, and they have had no reason to quarrel with their reception. Their welcome has been almost as royal as that which the Sirdar received when Cairo lined up its miles of soldiery to greet the successful general and his staff; and for the next few weeks the guardsman may be forgiven if, by taking thought of it, he adds some cubits to his stature. If he had come through a prolonged and desperate campaign against an equallymatched foe, instead of having "throughout the war done nothing in particular and done it very well," his reception could scarcely have been more enthusiastic ; and, in point of fact, it has been no fault of his if the burden of preparation and the brunt of the fighting fell upon the Egyptian forces in the field, and his own part has been a triumphant walk-over during a brief and sporting holiday trip.

ALL classes, the Press informs us, went wild in their welcome. But what it all means, when the gilded trappings are tarnished with the blood of the battlefield, and all the illusions are stripped off, and the naked truth is faced, the testimony of the heroes themselves shows luridly enough. A Northern contemporary publishes a letter written to his family by a young lancer in the charge at Omdurman. "It is nice," writes the hero, "to put a sword or lance through a man. They (the enemy) are like old hens. They just say 'quah;"" that is, presumably, on getting the weapon into Ideas of what is "nice" vary; them. but a more striking illustration of the demoralising and degrading influence of war we have seldom met with.

THE protest of Professor Aldis in the Christian World, against the recent wild, unseemly and untimely utterances at the Congregational Union Meetings, is as wise as it is weighty. Many other Congregationalists regret the warlike utterances of some of their leaders at Halifax. We are glad to learn this. It were a pity if such utterances, although punctuated by irresponsible applause, were accepted as the correct attitude of Christians, and Free Churchmen to boot.

PROFESSOR ALDIS says;-"While rejoicing in the resolution on the Tsar's Rescript passed by the Congregational Union, it is impossible for true friends of Peace not to feel grieved by the references made by Dr. Goodrich and Dr. Guinness Rogers to the Fashoda affair. There is some cause for anxiety lest our enthusiasm over the general question relax our care for the particular instance. Neither nation has any great claim to Fashoda, except that given by the grand old rule, the good old plan.

That they shall take who have the power,
And they shall keep who can.

An eye-witness has spoken of the executions' of the Mahdists. Surely at this end of the nineteenth century it ought to be seen that battles are either wholesale executions or murders. Omdurman and

St. Iago may perhaps belong to the former category, although whence we Anglo-Saxons derive our commission as public hangmen is another question. But if England and France went to war we should be responsible for the murder of every Frenchman killed. like dogs or wild beasts, we become reasonable beings Surely it is time that, ceasing to settle our disputes and submit the matter to Arbitration."

OUR diplomatic and consular officers are always offering suggestions to British traders and indulging in criticisms on our trading methods. A memorandum just issued by the Board of Trade gives a digest of these Foreign Office reports, which enables us to treat them collectively. They again show that the British manufacturer will insist on making the article which he wants to make, and not the article which the consumer in Russia, China or Japan wants to buy. Moreover, he does not offer his goods in so attractive a guise as his more clever rivals, or cultivate the markets so assiduously. Where is the good of fighting for fresh

markets while this continues?

THE State of Mississippi we learn has found that its pensioners are a burden which it is unable to support, and it has been determined to strike a third of the Confederate veterans off. This course has been adopted by other Southern States, which have found that the Confederate pensions, like the pensions of the Federal Government, are becoming year by year more burdensome and intolerable. The system of State aid is administered in the South quite differently from the pension system of the Federal Government. At first artificial limbs were supplied to the cripples, then homes were established, and finally a lump sum was appropriated for pensions. This system, however, encouraged applications to so great an extent that the pension received by each individual has been of little use. Mississippi gave last year 75,000 dols. to this cause, and this had to be divided among 4,300 odd veterans. Now, all the able-bodied, and those who could not present the best papers, have been struck off the roll, and only those actually needing assistance are retained, so that the list has been reduced by about thirty per cent., which will give each man about £5 a

year.

THE PEACE CONGRESS IN TURIN.

THE arrangements for the Peace Congress in Lisbon having, as already announced, fallen through, the Annual International Meetings of the Peace Societies were held from the 26th to the 28th of September in the City of Turin, the former capital of the House of Savoy. The meetings, although not so largely attended as the usual Congress, and, for obvious reasons, not dignified with the name, were of a very useful and earnest character, quite as much so as in any previous year. The number attending was forty-seven, representing thirty-nine Peace Societies, and of these the British contingent formed a very respectable proportion. The Peace Society was represented by its Vice-President, Alderman Snape, of Liverpool; by a member of its Executive, Mr. F. Moscheles, of London, and of its General Committee, Mr. Thomas Wright, of Birmingham; by Mr. T. G. Alexander, and by the Secretary.

IN PARIS.

Dr. Darby spent a day in Paris, en route, where he had an opportunity of conferring with the Society's Agent, M. Vasseur, and also an interesting interview with Señor Pedro Bravo, exFinance Minister of Colombia and the representative of its Government at Lausanne.

SUNDAY SEPT. 25TH.-THE SCLOPIS COMMEMORATION.

The meeting at Turin commenced on Sunday morning, September 25th, at 10 o'clock, with a very distinguished gathering in the Great Hall of the University. This meeting had been arranged by the Turin Peace Society to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Count Sclopis, the President of the Geneva Court of Arbitration.

The dintinguished barrister and jurisconsult, Signor Ippolito Luzzati, President and Founder of the Turin Peace Society, read an historical memoir of the life of Count Sclopis, in which he especially noticed the services rendered by him to International Law and Arbitration, particularly in his capacity as President of the Alabama Tribunal. Senator Canonico Tancredi, Vice-President of the Italian Senate, President of the Italian Court of Appeal, and President also of the Rome Peace Society, gave an excellent address in Italian, on the Peace movement, from the Angel's Message at the advent of the Christ down to the services of Count Sclopis and the recent rescript of the Emperor of Russia. They were followed by the veteran Peace orator, M. Frederic Passy, of Paris, who in spite of his seventy-six years, held the close attention of his audience, during a long but admirable discourse. The Senator remarked that the Utopias of one day become the happy realities of another, and especially traced the rapid progress of the Arbitration idea during the relatively short time since the Alabama affair. M. Passy's speech was a stirring eulogium of Sclopis as citizen, statesman, statistician, historian, and jurist, and contained many interesting references to his labours in the composition of the Italian Constitutional Statute (of which the jubilee is now being celebrated.) "Count Sclopis,' he said, 66 was not only a savant of the first order, a distinguished historian, an eminent jurisconsult, but also a diplomat as well informed as he was honest, and rendered successful by the confidence which his sincerity and rectitude inspired. He was a Liberal— that is to say, a man who respected life and human dignity, and in consequence a pacificator, having a horror of war, not only because of the ruin and scrrow which it brings, but also, and above all, on account of the negation of law and right which it presupposes, and the habits of violence and despotism to which it leads." The Meeting lasted till noon.

In the afternoon the delegates were invited to a concert given in the Salle Verdi at the Exhibition, an invitation which was not accepted by all. The previous evening, however, all were present by special invitation at a grand exhibition of fireworks given by the Municipality.

MONDAY, THE 26TH SEPTEMBER.

The Annual Meeting of the Society of the Berne Bureau was held next morning at 10 o'clock in the Palace Carignano, the birthplace of Victor Emmanuel, under the presidency of Herre Frederik Bajer, of Copenhagen.

The Assembly, which met in a gorgeously gilded chamber (entered through a mean and meagre anteroom, which presented a significant contrast), adopted the report of the Committee and

the balance-sheet for 1897 and 1898, re-elected the Committee and Auditors, and attended to other formal business.

AFTERNOON MEETING.

The general meeting of delegates was held in the same room in the afternoon at 2.30. Signor Luzzati was unanimously elected president, and conducted himself in that capacity with singular courtesy and firmness, to which the success of the Conferences was not a little due. Vice-presidents for the various groups were also appointed, Dr. Darby being chosen to represent the English. The first actual business of the session was the reading of M. Ducommun's report on the events of the past year. Among the unfortunate developments the report notes the new outbreak in Crete, made possible by "a year of diplomatic tergiversations and an internally provisional régime." Consultation of the Cretans in circumstances which will assure a free and sincere expression of their will, and then a serious intervention of the Powers to impose this measure-such is the only possible pacific solution. The HispanoAmerican war was a great disappointment to the friends of Peace in both the Old and the New World, but the Societies may take comfort from the fact that their efforts to secure Peace were not fruitless. "The question of Egypt has been raised more than once in the press and in diplomatic circles without receiving the solution which seems the most logical—that is, first, a consultation of the Powers on the continuation of the English occupation to complete the work of govermental and financial reorganisation; and, secondly, an absolute guarantee of the neutralisation of the Suez Canal." The letter of the Tzar proposing a conference on the subject of armaments was hailed with the utmost satisfaction. "The evangel of Peace which our societies have preached with indefatigable zeal, though often with little recompense, has received at the mouth of the Emperor of Russia the highest consecration which could have been hoped for."

:

On the motion of Signor Giretti (Torre Pellice), the following telegrams were addressed to the Tzar and the King of Italy:"To His Majesty Nicolas II., Emperor of Russia, St. Petersburg. "The assembly of the delegates of the Peace Societies, met at Turin, at the opening of its labours, has the honour of expressing to your Majesty its respectful gratitude for your proposition in favour of Peace. The assembly earnestly hopes that the generous initiation of your Majesty may bear all the fruits which you have hoped for from it, and which the peoples expect."

"To His Majesty King Humbert I., King of Italy, Turin. "The assembly of the delegates of the Peace Societies of the different countries, met at Turin, at the opening of its labours, sends to your Majesty an expression of its very respectful homage. It hopes that your Majesty's acquiescence in the proposal of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia will contribute towards making this generous initiative produce all the fruits which the peoples are looking forward to.'

The latter was replied to later in the following terms, addressed to the President :

His Majesty the King charges me to thank you in his name for the expressions of regard offered to him by the Assembly over which you preside, and whose labours His August Majesty will follow with a lively interest.-Signed by General Panzio Vaglia.

The telegram was followed, very appropriately, by a discussion of the Tzar's proposal, and of the practical action which should be taken thereon. M. Emile Arnaud proposed a very elaborate resolution prepared by a Committee which had been entrusted with the task of drawing up a report on the subject. This resolution seemed especially to the English delegates, in part, at least, impracticable, and an amendment was moved by Mr. J. G. Alexander, which led to a vigorous and interesting discussion, maintained by M. Novikoff (Odessa), Professor Stein (Berne), MM. Gaston Moch and F. Passy (Paris), and on the practical side by Mr. Felix Moscheles and Dr. Evans Darby, and Professor the Marquis Corsi. A compromise was proposed by M. Ducommun, which was adopted by a large majority, and which read as follows:

"This assembly of delegates of Peace Societies expresses the hope that all the Governments will give their sincere adhesion to

the proposal of the Emperor of Russia; and that the proposed International Conference will meet without delay, and proceed as soon as possible to fix a term to the indefinite increase of arma

ments.

"The Conference, to avoid all dangers arising during the term of its labours, should propose to the nations the conclusion of a general treaty of permanent Arbitration under defined pacific sanctions. This Assembly expresses the hope that the labours of the International Conference will serve as a point of departure for the gradual adoption of International Law, safeguarding the independence of each nation and assuring justice among peoples, as well as the substitution of the reign of Peace for the barbarous régime of War and the ruinous state of the armed Peace.'"

EVENING BANQUET.

6

In the evening the delegates were entertained by the members of the Turin Peace Society at a banquet in the Ristorante della Meridiana. The President (Signor Commandatore Luzzati) was supported by the Baronness von Suttner, General Türr, M. and Mme. Ducommun, the Marquis Pandolfi, Mr. Fred. Passy, the Signorina Scodnik, the Signora Pacchiotti-Pomba, the Signora Paternostro, and a very large company of guests. The proceedings were of a very lively and interesting character, and lasted until eleven o'clock, speeches being delivered by Signor Luzzati, M. F. Passy, the Baroness von Suttner, M. Novikoff, Dr. Darby, the Signorina Scodnik, Mr. S. Capper, Signor E. Teodora Moneta, Signora Pomba-Pacchiotti, M. Ducommun, M. Moch, M. Giretti, and others, the enthusiasm growing with the hours.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27TH.

MORNING SITTING.

The Assembly was announced to meet at nine o'clock this morning, but after the characteristic fashion of this part of the world, it got to work about ten. Signor Luzzati presided. The following resolutions were adopted unanimously, as complementary to the one adopted yesterday relating to the proposal of the Tzar :

"This assembly is of opinion that the Peace Societies should organise, throughout their respective spheres of influence, demonstrations of every kind in favour of the proposal of Nicholas II.” "The International Peace Bureau, when it shall consider the time opportune, and in whatever ways it may consider appropriate, (particularly by means of a delegation), shall take any useful step in approaching the Emperor of Russia, his Government, and all the other Governments, and the proposed International Conference or its members, with a view to producing the largest amount of happy results from the proposal of Nicholas II."

"The International Peace Bureau shall address to the heads of States, heads of Governments, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, and to the members of the coming International Conference, in addition to any documents which it may consider appropriate, a memorandum giving a résumé of the chief labours of the Congresses of the Peace Societies and Friends of Peace, as well as of the inter-Parliamentary Conference, so far as they relate to the eventual labours of the International Conference."

A discussion took place on the part which the Press ought to take in the Peace movement, and the following resolution was unanimously adopted :

"This meeting welcomes with the utmost satisfaction the definitive organisation of the International Association of Journalist Friends of Peace, and of the London Branch thereof, and entertains the hope that new branches will continue to be formed in each country:

"It recognises the necessity for giving a wider publicity to the International Peace Bureau, and therefore requests the Bureau to secure the help of the Press in every country in order to make known the ideas of the Peace Congresses and the conclusions affirmed by them, and to refute without delay the arguments, objections, or criticisms which may be advanced against their work, or against their ideas and conclusions."

A proposal, forwarded by Mr. Hodgson Pratt, relating to the formation of Councils of Conciliation, together with another from the International League of Peace and Liberty, for the creation of a Peace Agency, was referred back to the Berne Bureau for further consideration, with a view to some practical conclusion, which it may report to the next Congress.

A good deal of the sitting was occupied over a resolution relating to Permanent Treaties of Arbitration, which was remitted to the Bureau for revision and division.

AFTERNOON SITTING.

The Assembly resumed its business at three o'clock in the afternoon, with the reading of the telegram from the King of Italy, already reported. Dr. Adolphe Richter presented an elaborate report, which he had been requested by the Berne Bureau to prepare, on the proposals which had been forwarded by the Society of "La Paix par le Droit," and by the "Universal Alliance," the first, relating to the sanctioning by the Peace Congress of the formation of a College of Official Arbitrators, and the second to the proposed addition to this college of a section of international agreement. The report concluded by proposing :"First, to leave to the 'Society La Paix par le Droit' the task of carrying out its proposals apart from the medium of the Congress; and secondly, to thank the Universal Alliance for its proposal, and to invite it to combine its proposal with Mr. Pratt's for Councils of Conciliation by enlarging the area of these bodies, and also the scope of their action." M. Ruyssen, President of the society which had sent the proposal, supported it, but modified the form of the proposition. After discussion, the vote was postponed to the next sitting.

Count Gurowski, President of the Peace Society at Nice, referred to the impending hostilities between Chili and Argentina, and offered to defray the expense of sending a delegation to these countries to promote an agreement between them.

Dr. Darby, who had previously given notice of a motion of urgency on the subject, explained the position of affairs, narrated the action of the Peace Society in 1895, which resulted in an agreement between the two Governments to refer the differences to Arbitration, and moved a resolution which, after some conversation, took the following form:-" This Assembly heartily thanks Count Gurowski for his generous offer, and appoints a Committee to prepare a suitable telegram to the Presidents of Chili and Argentina, and also an address, to be sent through the Ambassadors of these countries, which shall be submitted to the Assembly for its approval at tomorrow's sitting and signed on its behalf by the Presidents, Vice-presidents, and Secretary."

This resolution was unanimously adopted.

66

A resolution was adopted in regard to proposals, of which notice had been given, relating to the "Transformation of Armies," and the Adoption of Latin as a universal language," taking note of the reports and documents submitted to the Congress, and urging the persons who had been entrusted with these topics to continue their studies and make public the results. A further resolution was adopted, requesting the Bureau to put itself into communication with other Congresses, sending to them a cordial salutation from the Peace Congress, pointing out the importance of their labours in removing international hatreds and misunderstandings, and requesting them to co-operate, especially by distributing the appeals and pamphlets of the Peace Societies.