MR. LABOUCHERE, M.P., ON THE PRESS JINGO. Mr. Labouchere says:-I entirely agree with Mr. Courtney that we should do well to come to some arrangement with Europe in respect to Egypt. The only reply, so far as ever I can see, to men like Mr. Courtney, who would have us put some limit to the enormous responsibilities that we are every year augmenting, is vague abuse. They are dubbed Little Englanders," as though the British Empire were so little that to rest satisfied with it is mean and contemptible. They are called foolish, ignorant, and traitors to the honour and glory of the country to which they belong. And yet the views which they uphold are those on which the Liberal Party acted for many years; they were entertained by the idiot Bright, the imbecile Cobden, and the traitor Gladstone. Only a very short time ago, they were articles of faith in the creed of every Liberal of the country. Every country has its fits of Jingoism. The Athenians had such a fit when they rushed into the Sicilian expedition that ruined them. The French had an attack of it when they shouted à Berlin, and lost Alsace and Lorraine. Now the Jingo is thirsting for some tropical jungle in Africa where white men cannot live; now for a Pacific island, the savage natives of which can only exist by eating each other; now for some region of eternal snows in Asia. Nothing satisfies his strange earth hunger. A more silly, swaggering, blustering creature than this Press drummer never existed. His ignorance in all matters appertaining to our foreign relations is positively phenomenal, and this is only equalled by his conceit in himself. One day he' throws down the gauntlet to America, another day to France, another day to Germany, and another day to all three. When he is not swaggering, he is cringing. If he finds that a foreign country is not frightened by his blatant abuse, he humbly turns to the Power that he has reviled on the previous day and proposes to it our alliance. The Press Jingo always reminds me of a magpie. There is the same pernicious greed and the same solemn air of being the wisest of creatures. This sort of gassy, vaunting fool has existed in every nation. In En land, since the Liberal Party was tricked into adopting the foreign policy of its opponents, he has raved without restraint. I have persistently protested against the capture of the Liberal Party by the Jingoes, and I would have Liberals return to the old faith.

THE CONQUEST OF OBSTACLES.

When God wants to educate a man, He does not send him to school to the Graces, but to the Necessities. Through the pit and the dungeon, Joseph came to a throne. We are not conscious of the mighty cravings of our souls; we are not aware of the possibilities before us, until some chasm yawns which must be filled, or until the rending asunder of our affections forces us to become conscious of a need. Paul in his Roman cell; John Huss led to the stake at Constance; Tyndale dying in his prison near Brussels; Milton, amid the incipient earthquake throes of revolution, teaching two little boys in Milton Street; David Livingstone, worn to a shadow, dying in a negro hut in Central Africa, alone-what failures they might all to themselves have seemed to be, yet what mighty purposes was God working out by their apparent humiliations.

"Stick your claws into me," said Mendelssohn to his critics when entering a great orchestra. "Don't tell me what you like, but what you don't like." John Hunter said that the art of surgery would never advance until professional men had the courage to publish their failures as well as their successes. There is no more helpful and profiting exercise than surmounting obstacles. It was not the victories but the defeats of my life which have strengthened me," said the aged Sidenham Poyntz. Almost from the dawn of history, oppression has been the lot of the Hebrews, yet they have given the world its noblest songs, its wisest proverbs, its sweetest music. With them persecution seems to bring prosperity.

In one of the battles of the Crimea, a cannon-ball struck inside the fort, crashing through a beautiful garden; but from the ugly chasm there burst forth a spring of water which ever afterward flowed a living fountain. From the ugly gashes which misfortunes and sorrow make in our hearts, perennial fountains of rich experience and new joys often spring.

LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE ITALIAN LADIES' COMMITTEE TO THE COMMITTEES KNOWN

AS THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE UNION. LADIES,-In the great international movement for Peace and Arbitration, Italy does not lag behind. The women of Italy have lately taken such action against the wars of conquest carried on by their country, that they are justified in addressing their sisters of other nations on the subject.

The false ideas of militarism and politics have had to give way before the ideas of justice, common sense, and sympathy, advanced by Italian women. It is no spirit of cowardice or narrow-mindedness which makes them apostles of Peace. They have given many proofs of civic courage, and have shown a clear comprehension of the meaning of true patriotism.

War is dying because it is simply the outcome of brute force; it is wholesale murder, it can only destroy, it is the negation of common sense, and it can no longer be justified even as a fatal necessity.

Our opponents tell us that the animals destroy one another, that this is a law of nature, and that without it the world would be over-populated. But animals destroy one another for food, while man does not feed on man, except in the case of cannibals. Besides, the lower animals are non-productive, whilst man can and does produce, and the thousands destroyed in war carry with them to their graves a productive power which might have Man brought incalculable wealth to the nation and to the race.

is not here to destroy, but to create. Creation is the law of human nature. The artist, the inventor, the labourer create, so does woman, the incessant preserver and renewer of that love which is opposed to all destruction.

In the animal world, the lioness, the leopardess, and the shewolf have the same instincts for preying on other animals as the male, but a woman, even a savage woman, rarely engages in the pitiless work of war.

In the progress of human evolution, a point has been reached where the masculine ideas of war and conquest must give way to the more feminine ideal of pity and sympathy, to wise prevention of the differences which arise in the struggle for existence, and to arrangements for their just settlement.

Women must unite to arouse the inert and dormant conscience of mankind; they must work for their own development, and courageously affirm their own value and independence, thus insisting upon the fact that might is not right.

To disprove the false maxim that might is right, is the work of our century. Ridicule and distrust are not weapons strong enough to turn us from our purpose. They are the children of ignorance which defends itself by falsehood. Such things cannot stand before serious thought and the diligent search after truth.

Let us not form part of that great army of ignorance, falsely called conservatism, but let us follow that road, already marked out for us, a road which will lead to a far more widespread wellbeing than that which exists around us to-day.

The scourge of war must no longer be allowed to cut off young and vigorous life. The misery, which increasingly envelopes the toiler, must cease.

Women of all nations must come out from slavery, to develop their own personality, in spite of their surroundings, created by brute force, and they must unite in opposing militarism and establishing Peace.

Milan.

(Doctoressa) PAOLINA SCHIFF.

CHRIST THE VICTOR.

"Millions at this moment are ready to die for Christ. A dead Socrates, a dead Marcus Aurelius, a dead Francis of Assisi can do nothing for the world; but though Christ died, He rose again, and He has proclaimed His universal dominion. Confucius owns many followers over a vast space of the world's surface, but he appeals to the Chinese alone; Mohammed has many adherents, but he appeals only to Turks and Arabians and certain Eastern peoples; but Christ appeals to every man who is born into the world. The old man dies in the peace of Christ, and the little Christian child on its deathbed whispers the same holy name. If we take the very foremost men in genius whom

this world has ever produced-a Dante, a Milton, a Newton-we find them weeping over the records of that life which was given for man. But none the less, when that story of Christ's love is told to the very humblest and meanest of mankind it comes home to their hearts; and I was told by the late saintly Bishop of Moosonee, who was my friend and my guest, that if at this day you were to go down the bleak shores of Hudson's Bay, there-among those poor, I had almost said degraded-at any rate, those poor, once savage, Indians and Eskimo-you would find the Bible in almost every wigwam, and you would find in many of those poor, converted savages, humble students of the life of Christ in the Word of God. Therefore our commission is plain and our duty is positive to obey that last divine command by extending the area of Christianity, by carrying further the victories of Christianity, and by proclaiming to the remotest nations of the world the name of their Saviour Christ."

DEAN FARRAR.

WHAT WOULD BE THE EFFECT OF GENERAL DISARMAMENT ON THE LABOUR MARKETS OF EUROPE? In reply to this question, Pearson's Weekly says:

They would be glutted (for a time) with the disbanded soldiers and sailors transformed into needy labourers-unskilled in common industries. Existing difficulties between capital and labour would be aggravated; labour would become cheaper, and discontent would assuredly, for a while, become greater. With the stoppage of annual government military and naval grants, the various industries engaged in keeping up war establishments would be paralysed, and thousands of skilled labourers would find their occupation gone and their skill worthless. Nothing short of some special government provision would prevent the greatest hardships falling on all concerned in the labour markets in question, and the blow would be most severe in the few countries which now practically supply the war materials of the world.

"These crils would, however, be only temporary. Countries at present ground down by military taxation-most keenly felt in the ranks of labour-would at once experience relief, and from a bond-fide determination to abide by international Arbitration, allround benefits would accrue. Militarism, with its excessive demands on the brain and muscle of Europe, once abolished, labour would be free to cultivate hitherto neglected districts, and capital would flow into channels of profitable industry at present undeveloped."

"At Rossland, just over the dividing line to the north of Spokane, Washington, a Canadian gold mining camp has sprung up which seems to be a model of good administration. Whoever has read of American mining, knows how desperadoes of every sort have haunted their camps, if, indeed, these places have not bred the desperadoes. The drinking and gaming saloons which form the main delights of the population have been the scenes of innumerable tragedies. Every man went armed with the revolver, and when a quarrel arose in the orgies of dissipation, it was considered the proper thing to fire first, and if the firer killed his man, or, as often, somebody else, it was generally accepted as a sufficient plea that it was done in self-defence. Now revolver practice in crowded rooms, with promiscuous murder all round, is unpleasant until you get used to it.

The Canadian administrator, therefore, does not permit it. Let the rough, whether native, or from over the frontier, but show a revolver, and he is instantly arrested, fined, imprisoned, and deported southward. A similar fate attends any violent or troublesome person of either sex, and this wholesome rule is so appreciated that Mr. Kirkup (which is, I believe, the energetic ruler's name) is supported by the whole community, his authority being absolute and unquestioned. The miners are not bad fellows, and they are not specially anxious to shoot one another. Only when a premium is placed on manslaughter, they like to be in at the beginning. At Rosslan 1 they are getting on uncommonly well without it.

"Henceforth, let not the authorities on this side the 49th parallel tell us that this sort of thing is inevitable on the confines of civilisation. It is not, and the Americans have tolerated it too long. When I was at Cleveland some armed ruffians 'held up a saloon, with a number of people in it, and got safely off with booty. This was close to Euclid-avenue, in the very heart of the city. At Sherburn, Minnesota, two armed men shot the cashier and another person in the bank, and got away with over 1,000 dollars. This aroused indignation in the village, and they were pursued and one of them blew his brains out and the other was captured, but not before the life of a gallant man, the Marshal of the township, had been sacrificed. On the heels of this crime followed the holding up of the United States mail at Ogden, in Utah. To interfere with Uncle Sam s correspondence has terribly hurt his dignity, and, it is said, the Government cannot afford to allow the perpetrators of this outrage to go undiscovered. So much more serious is it to take a citizen's letters than his life.

"Meanwhile, to-day comes the news that a southward-bound train has been held up by another set of armed brigands, though the bandits were cleverly foiled by the man in charge of the mails anticipating the criminals and throwing the valuables under his care into a coop; so that the safe, which he was compelled to open, was nearly empty. It may be conceded that these adventures give a spice of romance to Western travel, but the grand cañons of Colorado and the lofty passes of the Rocky Mountains would suffice for that, without the aid of either bowie-knife or revolver. The Canadian example shows what can be done. The Americans who have come from camp, some of them very rough diamonds indeed, all praise the discipline of Rossland. One of them said: Well, I guess they have law there, you bet.'"

CHARLES DICKENS IN AMERICA.

Charles Dickens obtained the material for writing "Martin Chuzzlewit" and "American Notes" during his first visit to the United States. But there was one incident of his sojourn at Louisville that he did not get into either of these books. A writer in the Chicago Times-Herald relates it :-He was a guest at the Galt House, then owned and conducted by Major Iris Throckmorton, a gallant and courtly gentleman of high blood. Thinking to give his distinguished guest an unexpected pleasure, he caused to be spread in a private refectory an exquisite little dinner, to which he had invited George D. Prentice, Tom Marshall, Dr. Theodore Bell, Chancellor Pirtle, and a few other prominent men of that day and city to meet Mr. Dickens. After all the guests had been seated at the table by Major Throckmorton, in his blandest and most cordial way, Dickens, who had not learned the difference between the proprietor of a great hotel in America and an inn-keeper in a provincial town of England, remarked to Major Throckmorton: "There, that will do, landlord. You may retire now." It was all that the remainder of the assembled company could do to prevent the irate Throckmorton from throwing the mistaken Mr. Dickens out of the third-story window, and the barquet became a somewhat strained affair.

GUNS MADE OF PAPER.

Almost without limit are the purposes to which wood pulp is being put. The latest invention in this line is the manufacture of large guns from this material. Guns have been made from leather pulp, and these are bound with hoops of metal. The leather pulp is of course, hardened. There is also a core of metal set inside of the gun. The lightness of the leather cannon is an essential feature. The principal aim, however, is to secure a material which has some elasticity, so that the force of a heavy discharge will be broken gradually. This seems to be obtained in cannon made from a pulpy substance. Paper pulp answers the purpose, as numerous trials and experiments have proved. It possesses more elasticity than metal, and when hardened is nearly as tough; hence this material is useful in the manufacture of articles requiring hard, efficient, and elastic properties. The body of the gun is made of paper pulp. The core is of metal, and made very much like the cores of ordinary cannon. exterior of the cannon is wound with wire. About five layers of copper, brass, or steel wire are firmly wound on, thus binding the

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cannon.

Outside of the covering of wire are various bands of brass. These bands are set with uprights, through which rods extend parallel with the gun. There are lock-nuts on each side of the uprights, and these hold the rods in place.

The process of making the gun is as follows: A special grade of paper pulp, in which the fibre is long, is selected and well agitated. The usual hardening and toughening ingredients, consisting of litharge, wax, tallow, white-lead and blue, are introduced. The pulp is then run into moulds and cast of the proper shape. The steel core is put in; wire is bound around the exterior; brass or steel bands are securely set about the whole, and the parallel rods are applied. The rods, being of steel, possess a degree of spring, and as they are fastened to the bands the result is a gun which will give way slightly at each discharge, yet cannot burst. A person may make his muscles rigid and fall to the ground, in which ease he is likely to receive a broken bone; but if the muscles are relaxed, the bones will give way somewhat and will not break. The same principle is applied in the paper cannon. The pulp, although exceedingly durable, will give way enough to prevent a break. The layers of wire, the binding of steel bands, and the parallel rods add strength. In war times it is easy to batter down a brick wall or a stone foundation; but a protection of bales of hay, bags of sand, or similar substance is not affected, as the shot is simply imbedded in it. The chief points of the pulp gun are elasticity and lightness. Being lighter, it follows that transportation will be easier. It is said that the leather pulp guns, which, if made of metal, would require a derrick to move, are readily transported on light wagons. Paper pulp is no heavier than leather pulp.

THE UNITED STATES' PENSION LEGACY OF WAR. Mr. Alfred H. Love (Phil. U.S.), writes :

One of war's legacies is the Pension List. The United States Commissioner has made his report for the year ending June, 1896. During the year there were added to the rolls 40,374 new pensioners. This is a remarkable fact, after thirty years since the war. There were restored 3,873 who had previously been dropped, a total of 44,247.

The whole number of pensions, June 30th, 1896, was 970,678. The amount disbursed for pensions was $138,214,761, a decrease of $1,592,575. This shows over 136 millions we are still paying out at a time of financial distress and our Government borrowing money.

The Commissioner assumes there will be a marked and steady diminution, unless Congress should be still more liberal. The rate of mortality, among those pensioners, who served during the War, is rapidly increasing. This exhibit should be a lesson against engaging in another war. We and our descendants have already a heavy bill to pay.

AN INFIDEL CONVERTED.

A few years ago, an infidel lawyer in St. Louis, during the pregress of a great revival which he ridiculed, was on his way to a drug-store to procure some medicine for his sick child. It was a bright Sabbath afternoon, and a street preacher was speaking of Jesus to an immense crowd in one of the worst quarters of the city. The curiosity of the infidel was excited, and he stopped for a moment on the edge of the vast throng to see what the gathering of so many persons meant.

Not a word the preacher uttered could he hear; but near him, and mounted on a waggon, stood a man who was pouring forth a volume of blasphemy and obscenity and hate, cursing the Bible and Christ and Christianity. The infidel noticed that he had quite a group of sympathisers around him, who laughed at his coarse jests and loudly applauded his vile sentiments. But he also noticed that the group was made up of the very scum of society. Thieves, burglars, prostitutes, bloated drunkards-men and women and half-grown lads upon whom the police kept a watchful eyeconstituted the admiring audience of the foul wretch who was flooding them with a tide of filth.

The lawyer after awhile bowed his head in utter shame, as he reflected that he was identified with this spawn of hell. It is true

that he was an infidel on far other and higher grounds, resting his scepticism upon intellectual and scientific objections to the Bible; but he argued that the arguments and witticisms of his class of thinkers dribbled down through the various strata of the community, becoming dirtier and more offensive at each successive descent, until they reappear at the bottom in the disgusting shape that faced him from the waggon of the infidel orator. He walked away chagrined and mortified; and without attending one of the revival meetings, without hearing a sermon, he renounced infidelity and became a Christian, and determined to devote the remainder of his days to the cause he had sought to destroy.

AN ILLUSION DISPELLED.

The Editor of the British Weekly has just returned from a visit to the United States and remarks :

"As to the difficulty with England, Americans are certainly cager for Arbitration, disinclined to war, and satisfied with the solution of the difficulty which has been arrived at. They undoubtedly feel, also, that they have gained the victory. They are too kind and too magnanimous for the most part to boast of this, but they know it. For the point is that their rights have been admitted. We had a dispute with Venezuela. They interfered. We said at first in a polite way that it was none of their business. We have now adinitted that it is their business. Provided we allow that it is their business and that they must be heard and consulted, they are content. The people of this country are no doubt content also." The same writer adds :-"The one disappointment of my visit to America was the shattering of the dream of an international alliance. There is something very attractive in the idea of two countries, which have so much in common, regulating the policy of the world. But when you are in America, you realise that the country is apart from our strifes. The newspapers spend a good deal of money on cablegrams from England, and yet one cannot but feel that the affairs of England, except in so far as they touch America, have comparatively little interest for most Americans. You will find in leading journals, and on many days, no allusion whatever to anything taking place on our side. There is nothing to be wondered at in this, and perhaps nothing to be complained of. For one thing, the distance is so great; and for another, the Americans have problems of great magnitude to meet themselves."

BRITISH BUSINESS ABROAD.

An interviewer recently questioned a business expert as follows:--

"Have you any practical suggestion to make for the remedy of the various disabilities under which British manufacturers and merchants trading abroad now labour?”

"Certainly. I am strongly in favour of the appointment of commercial `attachés in association with all our foreign Embassies."

"To perform the duties you have outlined?"

"Yes, and others. Such attachés should make it their business to send to British Chambers of Commerce detailed information regarding Government, or other, big contracts about to be given out in their respective districts; and of course the Chambers would disseminate the information in commercial circles in this country, thus enabling our manufacturers to make a bid for the contracts."

"Would you expect the attaches to send information concerning the state of trade and what kind of articles sell best? Because it is the opinion of many Consuls that merchants ought to obtain such information for themselves by means of commercial travellers."

LIVERPOOL PEACE SOCIETY.

November 12th.-A public meeting was held in the Crosby Home Mission Hall, when the aims and objects of the Peace Society were explained by Mr. Wm. Lewis, Mr. Arthur Boden, and Mr. Thomas Pritchard.

November 16th.-Mr. Thomas Crosfield delivered a lecture on "Arbitration between England and America" to the Myrtle Street (Baptist) Literary and Debating Society. The Rev. John Thomas, M.A. (President of the Liverpool Baptist Union), presided, and the Lecturer was supported by Mr. J. C. Farrie, Mr. J. K. Slater (Vice-President of the Liverpool Baptist Union), Mr. Archd. Bathgate, and Mr. J. S. Jones.

On the same evening a debate was held with the Richmond Literary Society on the following question, "Is the military drilling of the young in Cadet Corps, or Boys' Brigades, to be condemned?" The affirmative was taken by Messrs. Arthur Boden, Wm. Lewis, Andrew Hamilton, Mark Howarth, and Thos. Pritchard.

November 24th.-Several members of the Liverpool Committee attended and delivered addresses on the Principles of Peace at a ineeting held under the auspices of the Young Men's and Young Women's Societies in connection with St. Athanasius Church, Fountains Road, Liverpool.

BIRMINGHAM AUXILIARY OF THE PEACE SOCIETY. The Agent, Rev. J. J. Ellis, reports as follows:

October 19th.-I was accepted as a member of the Birmingham Evangelical Free Church Council and gained an introduction to the friends of Peace.

October 25th and 26th.-I was in Bromyard, preached twice, and addressed the Sunday-school.

October 28th.-Visited Worcester, many of our friends from home, but obtained the names of persons who would be willing to organise meetings and to assist us.

October 30th.-I was at Birmingham, inducted into my work by the Rev. J. C. Street, one of the local Hon. Secs., and by Dr. Evans Darby.

November 10th.-At Bromsgrove, at the half-yearly meeting of the "West Midland Federation of Evangelical Free Churches,' I was permitted to move a resolution on Arbitration.

I have distributed the leaflets sent, made inquiries in different directions, addressed and posted about 900 sets of "Peace Sunday" circulars, in addition to 300 cards of invitation to the interesting gathering of the 30th of October.

BIRMINGHAM-PEACE MEETING.

A meeting of the friends of Peace was held last month. Rev. J. C. Street presided, and among those present were Alderman Clayton, Revs. H. Bonner, W. Ewing, J. McKeown, S. Niel, C. Beaumont, and J. H. Lummis; Mr. and Mrs. S. Baker, Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Fox, Miss Sturge, Miss G. Southall, and others. The chairman referred to the death of the Rev. Arthur O'Neill in May, and the necessity of filling as far as possible the vacant place in the society's work. Mr. Rutherford, the hon. secretary, narrated the steps taken by the Executive Committee since July to secure a suitable agent and lecturer, and referred to the qualifications which the Rev. J. J. Ellis possessed as lecturer and organising secretary. The recommendation of the local committee had been accepted by the Committee of the Peace Society in London, who had appointed Mr. Ellis to work with the Birmingham committee in the counties of Salop, Stafford, Warwick and Worcester. The Chairman, on behalf of the meeting, offered a hearty welcome to Mr. Ellis, and promised loyal co-operation whenever required.

Rev. J. J. Ellis, in reply, said he intended, with the co-operation of local friends, to organise Peace committees in the various districts, and thus to disseminate information and create that public sentiment which would prevent "Jingoism," and lead to the adoption of Arbitration for the settlement of international disputes.

Dr. Evans Darby (of London) joined in the welcome to Mr. Ellis, on behalf of the central committee, and addresses were

delivered by other gentlemen. The Rev. G. Sherbrooke Walker was elected to fill the vacancy on the committee caused by the death of Mr. Tirebuck, and the meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman and Dr. Darby.

GARDENING ON BOARD SHIP.

The ship "Mowhan," on leaving Belfast for America, took on board as ballast two thousand tons of Irish soil, which, when levelled off, made quite a stretch of ground, and as the sol of Ireland is proverbially fertile, the ship's company proceeded to put it to good use by planting a stock of cabbages, leeks, peas, beans, and so on, in it. The seeds came up all right, and the plants flourished finely, and, when the ship was in the tropics, grew with great rapidity. The crew and ship's apprentices amused themselves by weeding and cultivating the plants, and all had green vegetables to their heart's content. As they came round the Horn the garden was replanted, and by the time they reached the Equator everything was a-bloom, and all the hards feasted on freshly-gathered vegetables daily. The only drawbacks in the garden were the weeds, which grew so rapidly that they could hardly be kept down, and the drove of pigs which were kept in the farm-yard attachment, and which on several occasions, when the ship was bucking into a nor'-easter and rolling heavily, broke out of the bounds and made serious inroads on the garden. The last pig was killed and served up with green vegetables just before the "Mowhan entered the Columbia River. On the arrival of the "Mowhan" at Portland, U.S.A., the Irish soil was discharged on the wharf, and piled up neatly, so that any exiled patriot who desires a bit of the "ould sod" can be accommodated.

"IN GOD WE TRUST."

The motto "In God we trust," which is now stamped on all gold and silver coins of United States money, was suggested by an honest, God-fearing old farmer of the State of Maryland. He thought that our national coinage should indicate the Christian character of this nation, and by introducing a motto upon its coins express a national reliance upon divine support in governmental affairs. In 1861, when Salmon P. Chase was Secretary of the Treasury, he wrote to him and suggested that, as we claimed to be a Christian people, we should make suitable recognition of that fact on our coinage. The letter was referred to the director of the mint, James Pollock of Pennsylvania. In Mr. Pollock's report for 1862 he discussed the question of a recognition of the sovereignty of God and our trust in Him on our coins. The proposition to introduce a motto upon our coins was favourably considered by Mr. Chase, and in the report he said he did not doubt that it would meet with approval by an intelligent public sentiment. But Congress gave no attention to the suggestion, and in his next annual report he again referred to the subject, this time in a firm, theological argument, and said: "The motto suggested, God our trust,' is taken from our national hymn, 'The Star Spangled Banner.' The sentiment is familiar to every citizen of our country; it has thrilled millions of American freemen. The time is propitious; 'tis an hour of national peril and danger, an hour when man's strength is weakness, when our strength and salvation must be of God. Let us reverently acknowledge his sovereignty, and let our coinage declare our trust in God." A two-cent bronze piece was authorised to be coined by Congress the following year, April 22nd, 1864, and upon this was first stamped the motto "In God we trust." In his report for that year, he expressed his approval of the act and strongly urged that the recognition of the trust be extended to the gold and silver coins of the United States. By the fifth section of the Act of Congress of March 3rd, 1865, the Director of the Mint, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, was authorised to place upon all the gold and silver coin of the United States, susceptible of such addition, thereafter to be issued, the motto "In God we trust."-Brooklyn Eagle.

American little girl to her mamma.- What is a dead letter. please? Mamma.-One that has been given to your father to post.

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The Curse of Austrian Militarism.

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conclude negotiations for a general Arbitration Treaty within the month. The terms of the treaty are believed to limit its operation to a certain number of years, and to provide for the constitution of a Court consisting of three Judges of the United States Bench, and three Judges of the British Bench. To this Court would be submitted all differences between the two countries, now pending, or which may arise during the next five years, excepting the Venezuela and Behring Sea questions. The Alaska boundary question will be among the matters to be submitted to Arbitration.

CURRENT NOTES.

PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S MESSAGE.

In President Cleveland's Annual Message to the United States Congress, last month, he made only a brief allusion to the Venezuela difficulty, but this was in the most pacific and friendly tone, and he characterised the arrangements already agreed to by Great Britain and his own Government as being "eminently just and fair.”

THE VENEZUELAN QUESTION.

The New York Herald publishes a telegram from Caracas, stating that General Andrade, the Venezuelan Minister to the United States, and Mr. Storrow, junior counsel for Venezuela before the Boundary Commission, have started on their return to Washington, taking with them the Venezuelan Cabinet's approval of the Boundary Treaty with Great Britain. The text is also published of a letter sent by Mr. Cleveland to President Crespo, expressing the former's congratulations at the prospect of an early settlement of the boundary dispute. President Cleveland adds :-" Should the treaty merit the approbation of your Government, you will have the satisfaction of looking back upon it as a happy incident of your Administration." President Crespo, in his reply, expresses his acknowledgment of Mr. Cleveland's

efforts, whatever may be their outcome.

THE ANGLO-AMERICAN ARBITRATION TREATY. It is stated that Mr. Olney, Secretary of State, and Sir Julian Pauncefote, the British Ambassador, expect to

U.S. PRESIDENT-ELECT MCKINLEY.

Mr. McKinley, the President-Elect of the United States, has addressed the following letter to Mr. Alfred H. Love, President of the Pennsylvania Peace Union -"By a happy coincidence, your letter was received on the day the announcement was made of a Board of Arbitration to settle the long-pending dispute between our own country and Great Britain. This fact gives emphasis to the greetings and good wishes of the Peace. Union. Most certainly the citizens of the United States have a right to take pride in that their country is foremost in efforts towards arbitrating international disputes."

PEACE SUNDAY, 1896.

The endeavours to make Peace Sunday a success, last month, had, again, the most gratifying results. From the Peace Society's Office, alone, twenty thousand ministers, and about three thousand favourable replies invitations to preach Peace sermons were issued to were received. More than 225,000 papers and pamphlets were also issued from the office, in con

nection with these invitations. In the Provinces some of our friends were again most exemplary in their endeavours to secure the successful issue of the day. The Press, especially in London, rendered most valuable aid, including such journals as the Standard, the Daily News, the Daily Chronicle, and the Echo. kindly gave a column of the names of Metropoliton In the latter, in particular, Mr. J. Passmore Edwards

Ministers who had promised to deliver Peace ser:
thus drawing wide-spread public attention to +1
ject. Our limited space will not allow us
the numerous reports of sermons ser

do justice to them by a selection.