and not caring to face the Franciscan, whom I saw on the opposite side of the court in conference with a lady just arrived at the inn, I drew the taffeta curtain betwixt us, and, being determined to write my journey, I took out my pen and ink, and wrote the preface to it in the désobligeante.

PREFACE.

IN THE DÉSOBLIGEANTE.

IT must have been observed by many a peripatetic philosopher, that Nature has set up, by her own unquestionable authority, certain boundaries and fences to circumscribe the discontent of man: she has effected her purpose in the quietest and easiest manner, by laying him under almost insuperable obligations to work out his ease, and to sustain his sufferings at home. It is there only that she has provided him with the most suitable objects to partake of his happiness, and bear a part of that burden which, in all countries and ages, has ever been too heavy for one pair of shoulders. 'Tis true, we are endued with an imperfect power of

spreading our happiness sometimes beyond her limits; but 'tis so ordered, that, from the want of languages, connections, and dependencies, and from the differences in education, customs, and habits, we lie under so many impediments in communicating our sensations out of our own sphere, as often amount to a total impossibility.

It will always follow from hence, that the balance of sentimental commerce is always against the expatriated adventurer: he must buy what he has little occasion for, at their own price; his conversation will seldom be taken in exchange for theirs without a large discount: and this, by the by, eternally driving him into the hands of more equitable brokers for such conversations as he can find, it requires no great spirit of divination to guess at his party.

This brings me to my point, and naturally leads me (if the see-saw of this désobligeante will but let me get on) into the efficient as well as final causes of travelling.

Your idle people, that leave their native country, and go abroad for some reason or reasons which may be derived from one of these general causes :—

Infirmity of body;

Imbecility of mind; or,
Inevitable necessity.

The two first include all those who travel by land or by water, labouring with pride, curiosity, vanity, or spleen, subdivided and combined in infinitum.

The third class includes the whole army of peregrine martyrs; more especially, those travellers who set out upon their travels with the benefit of the clergy, either as delinquents travelling under the direction of governors reccmmended by the magistrate, or young gentlemen transported by the cruelty of parents and guardians, and travelling under the direction of governors recommended by Oxford, Aberdeen, and Glas

gow.

There is a fourth class; but their number is so small, that they would not deserve a distinction, were it not necessary in a work of this nature to observe the greatest precision and nicety, to avoid a confusion of character. And these men I speak of are such as cross the seas, and sojourn in a land of strangers, with a view of saving money for various reasons, and upon various pretences: but as they might also save

themselves and others a great deal of unnecessary trouble by saving their money at home, and as their reasons for travelling are the least complex of any species of emigrants, I shall distinguish these gentlemen by the name of

Simple Travellers.

Thus the whole circle of travellers may be reduced to the following heads :

Idle Travellers,

Inquisitive Travellers,
Lying Travellers,

Proud Travellers,

Vain Travellers,

Splenetic Travellers;

Then follow

The Delinquent and Felonious Travellers,
The Travellers of Necessity,

The Unfortunate and Innocent Travellers,
The Simple Traveller.

And last of all, if you please, The Sentimental Traveller (meaning thereby myself), who have travelled, and of which I am now sitting down to give an account, as much out of necessity, and the besoin de voyager, as any one in the class.

I am well aware, at the same time, as both my travels and observations will be altogether of a different cast from any of my forerunners, that I might have insisted upon a whole niche entirely to myself; but I should break in upon the confines of the Vain Traveller, in wishing to draw attention towards me, till I have some better grounds for it than the mere novelty of my vehicle.

It is sufficient for my reader, if he has been a traveller himself, that, with study and reflection hereupon, he may be able to determine his own place and rank in the catalogue: it will be one step towards knowing himself; as it is great odds but he retains some tincture and resemblance of what he imbibed or carried out to the present hour.

The man who first transplanted the grape of Burgundy to the Cape of Good Hope (observe, he was a Dutchman) never dreamed of drinking the same wine at the Cape, that the same grape produced upon the French mountains-he was too phlegmatic for that ;-but, undoubtedly, he expected to drink some sort of vinous liquor; but whether good, bad, or indifferent, he knew enough of this world to know that it did not