The Rise and Development of Western Civilization, Teil 2

absolutism affairs agricultural alliance ally American aristocratic army Assembly Austria became Bismarck bourgeoisie Britain British capital Catholic central Charles Church civil classes clergy colonial commercial Concert of Europe conservative constitutional court democratic dominated Dutch Republic economic eighteenth century elected electoral Empire England English enlightened despotism Europe European force foreign France French French Revolution German Habsburg imperial industrial institutions Italy King labor laissez faire land laws leaders liberal Louis XIV Magyar major ment military monarchy movements Napoleon nationalists natural nineteenth century nobility nobles nomic officials organized Ottoman Empire Paris parlements Parliament party peace peasantry peasants philosophes Poland political popular population privileges production radical reform regime religious republican revo revolution revolutionary romantic royal Russia sans-culottes scientific secular secured Serbia social socialist society Spain Spanish tariffs taxes territory tion tional trade traditional treaty troops Tsar urban Vienna Western Whig York