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killed by a musket shot. The death of their brave officer infuriated the grenadiers; they threw themselves on the barricade, scaled it, beat it to the ground, and pursued the insurgents, who fled in all directions. A few of the soldiers saw some of the refugees enter a house in the direction whence the shot had come that killed their colonel. With ungovernable fury they rushed into the dwelling, ran up the stairs, forced open the room doors, and firing indiscriminately, killed, among many others, M. Joseph Rémond, one of the most respected citizens of Lyons.

In the course of the day, the college, a large edifice fronting the Rhone, containing the public library, was set on fire three times, but on each occasion extinguished. The library, though threatened with destruction, fortunately escaped any damage. At the close of the day, if the troops had gained no decisive success, they had lost none of their advantages. The insurgents had nowhere gained ground, though they had fought with more obstinacy than had been expected. That the insurrection was not already crushed, was owing to the comparative feebleness of the garrison. The national guard also had done little efficient service in the conflict.

Some shots were exchanged during the night; and at two o'clock on the Friday morning a body of the republicans attempted to open a passage by the side of the Hotel de Ville, but were vigorously repulsed. At break of day, the tocsin of Saint Bonaventure sounded loudly, and the firing became general; missiles fell on the houses of the Place Bellecour; and it was discovered that the insurgents had cannon! These were two pieces from Saint Trénée, which the soldiers had spiked on quitting the fort. A locksmith had repaired them; but having no balls, they had charged them with pieces of iron, and all sorts of missiles. At the close of this day La Guillotière submitted, and M. de Gasparin addressed a proclamation to the inhabitants, which was left at their doors. It explained to them the necessity there was of their keeping within their own boundaries, since to permit free ingress and egress would afford facilities to the insurgents for fresh violence; and it assured them that the authorities carefully watched over their interests. This day was disastrous to the republican party.

On Saturday the 12th, the soldiers were exposed to additional hardships; for the cold was intense, and there was a heavy fall of snow. They bivouacked in the open air, whilst the insurgents withdrew at night into their dwellings. During the last three days all communication between the different parts of the city had been cut off. No person had been able to send or receive a letter; and none of them knew what was going on at Paris. Many of the sick remained without help, for very few surgeons had been able to come among them. There were many dwellings without bread, and others where the dead were lying, without the survivors having the power to bury them.

La Guillotière again began firing, but was again subdued. General Fleury determined to attack the suburb of Vaise, which was in a deplorable condition, being held by a republican party, who threatened violence against the magistrates, and to set fire to the houses. They were a cowardly set; they would not fight except behind defences; and here the soldiers, maddened by the loss of three officers, and many of their comrades, fired in at the windows. Here again the innocent fell. Of forty-seven dead bodies, twenty-one were found to be those of women, children, and old men! They were publicly exposed to be claimed; and those who witnessed the relatives and friends recognising the mutilated dead, never could forget the scene.

A melancholy accident occurred in the prison of Perrache, where several of the insurgents taken prisoners were confined. They had been forbidden to approach the windows, and the soldiers on guard had strict orders to enforce obedience. One of them, however, insulted a sentinel, and refused to obey his commands. The soldier fired, but unhappily his ball struck one of the prisoners who was sitting in the room quietly reading, with his back to the window. The ball entered at his neck, and passed through his head; he did not die on the spot, but lingered in agony for three days. The soldier was tried before a courtmartial for his severity, but it was found that he had acted only according to the orders he had received, and was acquitted.

On Sunday the 13th, it was evident the end was drawing near. No places of importance remained in the hands of the insurgents. At eight o'clock, a proclamation of the prefect allowed foot-passengers to traverse the streets, prohibiting only the stoppage of more than five persons in a public thoroughfare. But it was very hazardous to take advantage of this permission; for it was difficult for the soldiers to distinguish between good citizens and rebels; and they were so often attacked by cowardly assassins, that they were obliged constantly to be on their guard. In some quarters it was even dangerous to approach the windows, so frequent was still the firing. La Croix Rousse and the suburb of Bresse yet held out after the other quarters had submitted. General Fleury was ordered to attack them; but before employing irresistible force, he thought it humane to address one more summons of surrender to the insurgents. Marshall Claperon, followed by two fusileers, was the bearer of this missive to the mayor of La Croix Rousse, braving with much coolness the probable chance of being killed by the republicans. No answer was returned to General Fleury; and measures were taken to annihilate the insurgents if they still resisted.

Early in the morning of Monday the 14th, General Fleury and the colonel of the 27th took the road to Caluire, and disposed the troops so as to encircle La Croix Rousse. The insurgents wished now to parley, but it was too late for concessions. Perceiving that they had nothing to hope for, they offered a des

perate resistance. A house containing a party of rebels was attacked by the grenadiers behind and the light infantry before, and an entrance was speedily forced. Flight was impossible; and numbers were shot or made prisoners. Eight or ten soldiers were severely wounded in this affair, and their drummer was killed. The subjugation of La Croix Rousse was complete at noon the next day, the 15th.

Thus, after a struggle of seven days, the insurrection of April 1834 was brought to a close. The supremacy of the law had been completely vindicated, the insane attempt at rebellion had been quashed. Yes, the victory was gained; but at what an expense of misery! Distressing as were the results of the insurrection of 1831, they fell greatly short of what had now been experienced. Besides the loss of life, property was destroyed to a great extent. The appearance of the city was a frightful memorial of all that had passed. Dwellings burnt to the ground, and others shattered by ball; heaps of ruins in all directions, and lines of shops a scene of devastation. Yet, in the execution of their terrible duties, the military had been often wonderfully forbearing; and the officers bitterly lamented the destruction their operations caused. But they were called upon to restore order, and preserve the lives of their men. It was their part to save the second city of France from being abandoned to men who had avowed the most ferocious intentions. On the 15th, after the conquest of La Croix Rousse, an acknowledgment to the military for their services was voted; and the government of the city was formally returned to the civil authorities. From that moment everything connected with the insurrection was in the hands of the police and the judges.

CONCLUSION.

At the close of the insurrection of 1831, the humiliation experienced by the silk weavers was not unmixed with self-congratulation, for they could boast of having overpowered the military force which the authorities had thought fit to bring against them. At the termination of the struggle of 1834, their predominant feeling was that of deep mortification. Baffled in their effort at revolution, disconcerted in their visionary projects, and impoverished in resources, they now perceived that the law was too strong for them, and that they lay completely at its mercy. Calming down from their ferment, and fearing the consequences of their rebellion, they loudly accused the propagandists, and other demagogues, of having deceived them with promises, betrayed them into excesses, and then left them to their fate. With at least the external appearance of repentance, they once more betook themselves to their professional labours; but comparatively few could be employed. So many manufacturers had left the city, and removed to other provinces, that it was computed the number of looms set to work after the events of April was reduced

by two-thirds! There was thus a period of severe suffering from the prostration of trade, which unfortunately affected those who had taken no hand in the insurrection, as well as the parties who had promoted and been engaged in it. A considerable time elapsed before general confidence was restored, or the town recovered its former appearance and character.

It is a fact not unworthy of observation, and one which may point out significantly the motives which led to the Lyons insurrections, that no great man, no master mind, was thrown forward in the course of the struggle. In this particular do these tumults present a remarkable exception in the history of popular outbreaks. When, in the fourteenth century, the Roman citizens rose against a tyrannical oligarchy, the humble Rienzi, whose mind had been formed by study and reflection, and whose virtues rendered him worthy the friendship of Petrarch, seemed a leader fit for and worthy of a great cause-albeit the mind which had supported misfortune bravely, became intoxicated by success. At Naples, the young fisherman, Masaniello, acted a no less heroic part, becoming solely, by the superiority of his mind, the supreme arbiter and the directing soul of a hundred and fifty thousand men. Even amid the horrors of the French Revolution, the qualities of great minds were exhibited, according to a general rule, that great events must bring them forward. But, in considering the insurrections of Lyons, we seek in vain for a name that will belong to history, or which rises above the merest commonplace. Had the second insurrection terminated like the first, by the conquest of the authorities, it is evident that as little good could have arisen from it. Without means, plans, or a directing mind, the fruits of victory would have been more bitter than those of defeat.

Since 1834, no new outbreak has occurred, nor have we heard of any disputes between employers and employed which have not been speedily arranged. Meanwhile, the fortifications which command the city and suburbs have been greatly strengthened and enlarged; guns point down upon the streets, ready to lay them in ashes; and, with a garrison of 12,000 troops, it is believed the city has nothing to fear from the more unruly part of the population.

In the course of a visit which we paid to Lyons in the summer of 1844, we found the silk weavers well employed, but were sorry to learn that they were far from being generally contented with their condition. Demoralised by the revolutionary doctrines that had been spread so industriously amongst them, they maintained a grudge against the whole organisation of society; looking more to an indefinable something for bettering their situation, than to that prudent economy, diligence, and skill, by which alone men are able to improve in their worldly circumstances, or to that moral and intellectual advancement by which alone they can expect to enjoy institutional meliorations.

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ARK was the night, and wild the storm,
And loud the torrent's roar;

And loud the sea was heard to dash
Against the distant shore.

Musing on man's weak hapless state,
The lonely hermit lay,
When, lo! he heard a female yoice
Lament in sore dismay.

With hospitable haste he rose,

And waked his sleeping fire,
And snatching up a lighted brand,
Forth hied the reverend sire.

All sad beneath a neighbouring tree
A beauteous maid he found,
Who beat her breast, and with her tears
Bedewed the mossy ground.

O weep not, lady, weep not so,
Nor let vain fears alarm;
My little cell shall shelter thee,
And keep thee safe from harm.

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