Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 25
... splits graph . Split A groups together Zulu and Ngoni versus Ndebele and Swati . Split B groups together Ndebele and Ngoni versus Swati and Zulu ; there is more evidence for the first group than the second . having several different ...
... splits graph . Split A groups together Zulu and Ngoni versus Ndebele and Swati . Split B groups together Ndebele and Ngoni versus Swati and Zulu ; there is more evidence for the first group than the second . having several different ...
Seite 27
... splits graphs for East and West Bantu , respectively , allowing us to focus on relationships within those groups in more detail . The simplified splits graph of edge weights greater than 0.002 is shown in Figure 2.8 . Un- less specified ...
... splits graphs for East and West Bantu , respectively , allowing us to focus on relationships within those groups in more detail . The simplified splits graph of edge weights greater than 0.002 is shown in Figure 2.8 . Un- less specified ...
Seite 29
... splits graph ( Fig . 2.6 ) yielded the following results . Bubi , a long isolated language spoken on Bioko Island , is linked by one split to the outgroups Tiv 802 and Ejagham 800. Presumably these similarities are primi- tive ( i.e. ...
... splits graph ( Fig . 2.6 ) yielded the following results . Bubi , a long isolated language spoken on Bioko Island , is linked by one split to the outgroups Tiv 802 and Ejagham 800. Presumably these similarities are primi- tive ( i.e. ...
Inhalt
CLARE J HOLDEN RUSSELL D GRAY | 19 |
Bantu Classification Bantu Trees and Phylogenetic Methods | 43 |
Chapter 6 | 67 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroup Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone