Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 33
... represent many different languages , and the rows represent many different concepts ; the data cells contain words expressing those concepts in the given languages . One then looks for columns that are more similar in corresponding rows ...
... represent many different languages , and the rows represent many different concepts ; the data cells contain words expressing those concepts in the given languages . One then looks for columns that are more similar in corresponding rows ...
Seite 78
... represent the presence or ab- sence of a given feature ( phonological characters are the main example of this type ) , and those for which there is an unbounded number of possible homoplasy- free states . Characters indicating presence ...
... represent the presence or ab- sence of a given feature ( phonological characters are the main example of this type ) , and those for which there is an unbounded number of possible homoplasy- free states . Characters indicating presence ...
Seite 104
... represent such polymor- phisms with ease . The presence of polymorphisms means that dependencies between cognate sets are not as strong as Evans et al . claim . A further factor that weakens the dependencies between the cognate sets ...
... represent such polymor- phisms with ease . The presence of polymorphisms means that dependencies between cognate sets are not as strong as Evans et al . claim . A further factor that weakens the dependencies between the cognate sets ...
Inhalt
CLARE J HOLDEN RUSSELL D GRAY | 19 |
Bantu Classification Bantu Trees and Phylogenetic Methods | 43 |
Chapter 6 | 67 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroup Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone