ciation in 1883, and has been a frequent lecturer before national and literary societies in Canada and the United States. Among other works he has published the pamphlets "Philemon Wright, ou colonisation et commerce de bois" (Montreal, 1871); Le chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique" (1872); and "Le vallée de l'Outawais" (1872); and, in (1872); and, in book-form, "Les Canadiens de l'ouest" (2 vols., 1878). The purport of the last work is to demonstrate that French Canadians have been chiefly the pioneers and discoverers of the United States and also the Canadian northwest. It has been partly translated in the collections of the Historical society of Wisconsin.

the welfare of the Indians, summoned and presided over councils of Franciscan missionaries at Michoacan and Guatemala in 1535 and 1537, where means for the protection of the conquered nation were devised, an embassy being sent to the holy see to obtain its ratification of the measures. In 1541 he went to Milan and took part in the general council of the Franciscan order in that city, and before returning to Mexico obtained from the pontiff an encyclical letter to the Spanish officials, advising them to show leniency toward the Indians. In 1542 he was appointed commissary-general of the Franciscan friars in the New World, which post he held until his death. He is the author of " Arte TASSEMACHER, or TESSCHENMAEKER, de la lengua Mexicana" (Seville, 1555), and “LitPeter, clergyman, b. in Holland about 1650; d. teræ annuæ Mexicana" (1571). The recent pubin Schenectady, N. Y., 8 Feb., 1690. He was edu-lication, "Cartas de Indias," prepared by the Spancated at the University of Utrecht, came to Kingston, N. Y., in 1675, where he preached in both English and Dutch, and then spent two years in Dutch Guiana. Gov. Edmund Andros, on 30 Sept., 1679, authorized the Dutch clergymen to examine and ordain him for the church at New Amstel, Del. The assembling of this body constituted the first American classis or ecclesiastical gathering of the Reformed church that was held on this continent, as well as the first ordination of a domine. He preached on Staten island in 1679-'82, and then lived at Schenectady, N. Y., until 1690, when he was slain in the massacre. Orders had been given to spare his life and obtain his papers, but these the Indians disregarded. His farm of eighty acres on Staten island was claimed, 2 Nov., 1692, for the poor fund.

ish government from manuscripts in the state archives, contains several letters of Tastera.

TATHAM, William, engineer, b. in Hutton, England, in 1752; d. in Richmond, Va., 22 Feb., 1819. He emigrated to this country in 1769, entered a mercantile establishment on James river, Va., and served as adjutant of militia against the Indians. He studied the character and customs of the red men, and wrote biographical accounts of Atakullakulla, Oconistoto, Cornstalk, and other warriors. During the Revolutionary war he served as a colonel in the Virginia cavalry under Gen. Thomas Nelson, and was a volunteer in the party that stormed the redoubt at Yorktown. In 1780, with Col. John Todd, he compiled the first exact and comprehensive account of the western country. After the Revolution he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1784, removed to North Carolina, and in 1786 founded the settlement of Lumberton. He was a member of the North Carolina legislature in 1787. Tatham went back to England in 1796, and in 1801 became superintendent of the London docks, but returned to the United States in 1805, and became poor in his old age. He was given the office of military store-keeper in the Richmond arsenal in 1817, and while there committed suicide by throwing himself before a cannon at the moment of discharge. His publications include "Memorial on the Civil and Military Government of the Tennessee Colony"; "An Analysis of the State of Virginia” (Philadelphia, 1790-'1); "Two Tracts relating to the Canal between Norfolk and North Carolina"; "Plan for Insulating the Metropolis by Means of a Navigable. Canal" (London, 1797); "Remarks on Inland Canals" (1798); "Political Economy of Inland Navigation, Irrigation, and Drainage" (1799); "Communications on the Agriculture and Commerce of the United States" (1800); Historical and Practical Essay on the Culture and Commerce of Tobacco" (1800); "National Irrigation" (1801); "Oxen for Tillage (1801); and two reports "On the Navigation of the Thames" (1803).

TASSIN, Charles Stanislas (tas-sang), South American artist, b. in Berbice, Guiana, in 1751; d. in Paris in October, 1812. He studied with Watteau, and became one of his best pupils. In 1773 he exhibited a "Christ in the Cradle," which attracted much attention, and procured for the artist a prize of $600 from Louis XV. Later he produced "Venus and Cupid" (1777); several pastoral pictures; "A Runaway Match " (1784); " Over the Wall" (1786); "Peasants Dancing" (1788); "Marchioness as Shepherdess" (1790), and other pictures; and obtained the title of royal painter. He also decorated several panels in the castles of Trianon, Sceaux, and Luciennes, painted portraits of Madame du Barry, Duke de la Vauguyon, Admiral d'Estaing, Bailly de Suffren, and Duchess Jules and Countess Diane de Polignac. In 1791 he went to England and executed portraits of William Pitt, Charles James Fox, and Edmund Burke, and, having inherited a large estate in Guiana, returned to his native land in 1795, remaining there till the peace of Amiens, when he returned to Paris in 1802. His later works include "Sunset in Guiana" (1799); "Fish-Vender at Berbice" (1802); | “A Creole” (1803); and "Love Victorious" (1805). TASTERA, Jacques de (tah-stay-rah), French missionary, b. in Bayonne in 1480; d. in Mexico, 8 Aug., 1544. He served a few years in the army, but, despite fair prospects of advancement, becaine a Franciscan friar at Seville in 1508, and soon attained to the highest ranks in the order. After preaching with success at Seville he was appointed court chaplain of Ferdinand of Aragon, and later he became a favorite with Charles V., who offered him a bishop-agriculture. In 1856 he removed to Wilmington ric; but he declined, and in 1529 went to New Spain. From Mexico he went to Champoton in Yucatan, where he founded a convent, and for years he travelled alone in the country, accompanied only by one interpreter, evangelizing the Indians and preaching the gospel with success. In 1533 he was appointed prior of the Convent of Santo Evangelio at Mexico, and, continuing to interest himself in

TATNALL, Henry Lea, artist, b. in Brandywine Village, Del., 31 Dec., 1829; d. in Wilmington, Del., 26 Sept., 1885. After being educated at the Friends' Westtown boarding-school, Chester co., Pa., he entered the flour-mills of Tatnall and Lea as a clerk, but afterward turned his attention to

and began the lumber business, and at the same time cultivated his musical and artistic talent, which showed itself in early life. He could play on almost every instrument, and composed and set to music many popular songs. His friends induced him to fit up a studio over his counting-house, where the intervals of business were devoted to the study and practice of marine and

TAVARES - BASTOS, Aureliano Candido (tah-vah'-rays), Brazilian lawyer, b. in Pernambuco in 1840; d. in Nice, France, 3 Dec., 1875. After finishing his studies he was admitted to the bar of his native city, and soon attained prominence as Mississippi" with Perry's expedition to Japan in an able and eloquent orator. He was counsel for 1853-'5, was commissioned commander, 14 Sept., several political prisoners, advocated religious free- 1855, and commanded the sloop "Saratoga" on the dom with great vehemence, and participated in the coast of Africa when the civil war opened in 1861. movement that led to the abolition of slavery He was commissioned captain, 16 July, 1862, and throughout the empire. He was a member of the was attached to the navy-yard at Boston in 1862–’5. Brazilian parliament in 1872, but his health failing He commanded the flag-ship "Susquehanna he went to Nice, where he died. His works in- the Brazil station in 1866, and was promoted to clude "Cartas de um solitario" (Rio Janeiro, 1865); commodore, 27 Sept., 1866. He was then on wait“O valle do rio Amazonas" (1869); "Estudos sobre ing orders until February, 1869, when he was apalgumas reformações legislativas" (1870); and sev-pointed light-house inspector. He was promoted eral political pamphlets.

next four years at Georgetown, D. C., and at Cin- | cinnati, Ohio, from 1869 till 1873. In 1870-'2 he was co-editor of "Our Monthly," published in Cincinnati. From 1873 till 1883 he was president of Wooster university, Ohio. He continued to be connected with the institution as professor of logic and political economy and dean of the post-graduate department for five years longer, editing in 1886-'8 "The Post-Graduate," a quarterly journal of philosophy. He then became editor of "The Mid-Continent," the organ of the Presbyterian church in the southwest, published in St. Louis, Mo. He received the degree of D. D. from Wooster in 1872, and that of LL. D. when he retired from the presidency in 1883.

TAYLOR, Bayard, author, b. in Kennett Square, Chester co., Pa., 11 Jan.. 1825; d. in Berlin, Germany, 19 Dec., 1878. He was the son of Joseph and Rebecca (Way) Taylor, and was of Quaker and South German descent. His first American ancestor, Robert Taylor, was a rich Quaker, who came over with Penn in 1681, and whose eldest son inherited land that now includes "Cedarcroft," the poet's recent estate. His grandfather married a Lutheran of pure German blood, and was excommunicated by the Quakers. The poet's mother, al

In

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from Germany. His experiences abroad are well condensed in his own language: "After landing in Liverpool, I spent three weeks in a walk through Scotland and the north of England, and then travelled through Belgium and up the Rhine to Heidelberg, where I arrived in September, 1844. The winter of 1844-5 I spent in Frankfort-on-the-Main, and by May I was so good a German that I was often not suspected of being a foreigner. I started off again on foot, a knapsack on my back, and visited the Brocken, Leipsic, Dresden, Prague, Vienna, Salzburg, and Munich, returning to Frankfort in July. A further walk over the Alps and through northern Italy took me to Florence, where I spent four months learning Italian. Thence I wandered, still on foot, to Rome and Civita Vecchia, where Í bought a ticket as deck-passenger to Marseilles, and then tramped on to Paris through the cold winter rains. I arrived there in February, 1846, and returned to America after a stay of three months in Paris and London. I had been abroad for two years, and had supported myself entirely during the whole time by my literary correspondence. The remuneration which I received was in all five hundred dollars, and only by continual economy and occasional self-denial was I able to carry out my plan." Ilis letters were widely read, and shortly after his return were collected in "Views Afoot, or Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff" (New York, 1846). Six editions were sold within the year. December, 1846, Taylor bought, with a friend as partner, a printing-office in his native county, and began to publish the Phoenixville "Pioneer.' after a year he sold his newspaper and obtained a place on the New York "Tribune" in the literary department and as man-of-all-work. In Decemthough a Luther-ber, 1848, he published "Rhymes of Travel, Balan, was attached lads, and Poems," which gave him repute as a to the Quaker doc- poet. In 1849-'50 he was sent by the "Tribune " trines, and the to California to report on the gold discoveries, Quaker speech and and his letters were collected in "Eldorado, or manners prevailed Adventures in the Path of Empire" (1850). The in her household. Bayard was named after James same year he delivered the BK poem at HarA. Bayard, of Delaware, and his first book bore on vard. On 24 Oct., 1850, Taylor married, at Kenits title-page, through a mistake of Griswold, its nett, Mary Agnew, a Quaker girl of exquisite chareditor, the name of "James Bayard Taylor." After acter, to whom he had long been betrothed, but reaching his majority he always signed his name who was now in an incurable decline, and she died Bayard Taylor. His boyhood was passed near Ken- within two months. He obtained an interest in nett on a farm. He learned to read at four, began the "Tribune," and also issued "A Book of Roto write early, and from his twelfth year wrote mances, Lyrics, and Songs" (1851). In the autumn "poems, novels, historical essays, but chiefly po- he again visited Europe as a correspondent, went ems." At the age of fourteen he studied Latin and to Egypt, and thence to Syria, Palestine, and Asia French, and Spanish not long afterward. In 1837 Minor, and reached London in October, 1852. His the family removed to West Chester. There, and at instructions next led him to join Com. Perry's exUnionville, the youth had five years of high-school pedition to Japan. Travelling through Spain, he training. His first printed poem was contributed in proceeded to Bombay via Cairo and Suez, jour1841 to the "Saturday Evening Post," Philadelphia. neyed through India to Delhi and Calcutta, thence In 1842 he was apprenticed to a printer of West to the Himalayas and back, and finally voyaged to Chester. His contributions to the "Post" led to Hong Kong, China, which he reached in March, a friendship with Rufus W. Griswold, who was 1853, joining Perry's flag-ship in May, and obtainthen connected with that paper and was also edi- ing the nominal appointment of master's mate. tor of "Graham's Magazine." Griswold advised He remained with the expedition until September, him concerning the publication of "Ximena, and sharing its visit to Japan, and transmitting graphic other Poems" (Philadelphia, 1844), which was dedi- accounts thereof to the "Tribune," besides furnishcated to his adviser and sold by subscription. By ing valuable notes to Perry for the latter's report this time he found a trade distasteful, and, to to the U. S. government. After his return home gratify his desire for travel and study in Europe, he was in demand as a lecturer, and made lecturing he bought his time of his employer. The "Post" a vocation throughout much of his after career. In and the "United States Gazette" each agreed to 1854 he published "A Journey to Central Africa" pay him fifty dollars in advance for twelve foreign and "The Land of the Saracen." "A Visit to Inletters. Graham bought some of his poems, and dia, China, and Japan" appeared in 1855. In 1854 with one hundred and forty dollars thus collected he also brought out his "Poems of the Orient," he sailed for Liverpool, 1 July, 1844. Horace Gree- perhaps his freshest, most glowing and characterley gave him a conditional order for letters to the istic book of verse. The next year or two were oc"Tribune," of which he afterward wrote eighteen cupied with lecturing, travelling in this country,

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and authorship. "Poems of Home and Travel," a works are a "Masque," for the golden wedding of collective edition of his verse, and a revised edition his parents (printed privately, 1868); a "School of "Views Afoot," came out in 1855. His income History of Germany to 1871" (1874); "The Boys grew large from copyrights, lecture-fees, and the of other Countries" (1876); and The Echo Club" "Tribune" stock. He edited a "Cyclopædia of (1876). The last-named is a book of talk upon Modern Travel" (New York, 1856). In July, 1855, modern poets, with burlesque imitations of their he revisited Germany, and then made a journey to verse, for which sparkling by-play Taylor had a Norway and Lapland. His letters to the "Trib- native readiness. He also edited, with George Ripune" composed the volume "Northern Travel" ley, a "Handbook of Literature and Fine Arts (1858). He married in October, 1857, Marie Han- (1852), and, alone, the "Illustrated Library of Travsen, of Gotha, and spent the winter of 1857-'8 in el" (8 vols., 1871-'4), besides various translations. Greece. In October, 1858, they returned to Ken- He began with much zest, in 1863, his career as a nett Square, bringing with them a daughter, Lilian novelist, laying his plots and scenes in his own counBayard, who now resides at Halle with her hus- try. Hannah Thurston " (1863), whose heroine is band, Dr. Kiliani. Taylor laid the corner-stone a Pennsylvania Quakeress, was followed by "John of his country-home, "Čedarcroft," upon a gener- Godfrey's Fortunes" (1864); "The Story of Kenous tract of nett" (1866); “Joseph and his Friend” (1870); and land which he Beauty and the Beast, and Tales of Home" (1872). had purchased "The Story of Kennett" is the most complete as a near Kennett work of art. But it was as a poet that Taylor Square. In exerted all his powers and hoped to be remem1861 the house bered, and some of his verse reflects his highest was completed creative mood. His later books of poetry comprise and became "The Poet's Journal" (Boston, 1862); "Poems his residence. (1865); "The Picture of St. John," a romantic artIt is represent- poem (1869); "Ballad of Abraham Lincoln " (1869); ed in the ac- "The Masque of the Gods" (1872); "Lars: a Pascompanyingil- toral of Norway" (1873); "The Prophet: a Tragelustration. At dy" (1874); "Home-Pastorals" (1875); "The Nathe beginning tional Ode" (1876); and "Prince Deukalion: a of the civil war Lyrical Drama" (1878). His poetry is striking for he spoke and qualities that appeal to the ear and eye, finished, wrote for the sonorous in diction and rhythm, at times too rhetoriNational cause, and in May, 1862, he was appoint- | cal, but rich in sound, color, and metrical effects. ed secretary of legation, Gen. Simon Cameron be- His early models were Byron and Shelley, and ing minister, at St. Petersburg. When left for his more ambitious lyrics and dramas exhibit the a time in sole charge, he was influential, as the latter's peculiar, often vague, spirituality. "Lars," files of the state department show, in determining somewhat after the manner of Tennyson, is his longRussia to extend her sympathy and active friend- est and most attractive narrative poem. ship to the U. S. government. Resigning his Deukalion" was designed for a masterpiece; its office in 1863, he visited Gotha, where he obtained blank verse and choric interludes are noble in spirit unusual facilities for his study of the life and and mould. Some of Taylor's songs, oriental idyls, writings of Goethe. After the loss of a brother, and the true and tender Pennsylvanian ballads, Col. Frederic Taylor, at Gettysburg, he went home have passed into lasting favor, and show the native in the autumn of 1863 and resumed his professional quality of his poetic gift. His fame rests securely labors. In 1867 the Taylors revisited Switzerland upon his unequalled rendering of "Faust" in the and Italy, and the poet was brought near to death original metres, of which the first and second partsby an attack of Roman fever. He made a trip to appeared in 1870 and 1871. His commentary upon Corsica in 1868. Two years were now devoted to Part II. for the first time interpreted the motive his translation of "Faust," which was published and allegory of that unique structure. During his in the United States, England, and Germany. In one summer in Germany he was able only to revise 1870 he delivered a course of lectures, as professor the proofs of "Prince Deukalion" and to write an of German literature, at Cornell university. He Epicedium" on the death of Bryant. Tributes went again to Weimar in search of materials for were paid to his memory at Berlin, Berthold Auerbiographies of Goethe and Schiller, and in Febru- bach pronouncing an eloquent address. His reary, 1874, revisited Italy and Egypt. Midsummer mains, on arriving at New York, were honored found him at the Millennial celebration of Iceland, with a solemn reception by the German societies which he described for the "Tribune," and reached and an oration by Algernon S. Sullivan. The body home in the autumn. In 1876 he once more occu- lay in state at the city-hall, was then removed to pied a desk in the "Tribune" office. On 4 July, Kennett, and there interred, 15 March, 1879. Post1876, he delivered the stately National ode at the humous collections of Taylor's miscellanies, "StudCentennial celebration in Philadelphia. In 1877 ies in German Literature" (1879), and "Essays and his health failed, and after a partial recuperation Notes" (1880), were edited by George H. Boker and he was nominated by President Hayes as minister Mrs. Taylor. In person he was of a handsome to Berlin. His confirmation was followed by a and commanding figure, with an oriental yet frank notable series of popular testimonials, culminating countenance, a rich voice, and engaging smile and with a banquet in New York, at which the poet manner. His wife, Marie Hansen, b. in Gotha, Bryant presided, 4 April, 1878. He entered upon Germany, 2 June, 1829, is the daughter of the late his official duties in May. His books of travel, sub- Prof. Peter A. Hansen, founder of the Erfurt obsequent to those heretofore_named, were "Trav-servatory. She zealously promoted her husband's els in Greece and Rome" (New York, 1859); "At Home and Abroad " (2 vols., 1859-'62); “Colorado: a Summer Trip" (1867); Byways of Europe (1869); “Travels in Arabia” (1872); and “Egypt and Iceland" (1874). Among his miscellaneous

"Prince

literary career, and translated into German his "Greece" (Leipsic, 1858); Hannah Thurston " (Hamburg, 1863); "Story_of Kennett" (Gotha, 1868); "Tales of Home" (Berlin, 1879); “Studies in German Literature" (Leipsic, 1880); and notes