Fictitious TANNER, Henry S., physician, b. about 1830. Early in 1880 much interest was manifested in the fasting power of Mollie Fancher, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who claimed to have lived fourteen years without food. Dr. William A. Hammond offered her $1,000 if she would allow herself to be watched for one month by relays of members of the New York neurological society, provided she did not take any food voluntarily during that period. Dr. Tanner, at that time a practising physician in Minneapolis, Minn., saw the challenge in print and offered to perform the experiment under the conditions. To this Dr. Hammond agreed, saying: "If he succeeds he will get $1,000, and if he dies I will give him a decent burial." Dr. Tanner then came to New York city, and after some difficulty secured the co-operation of the Neurological society in conducting the fast. It began at noon on 28 June, 1880, and continued until its successful termination on 7 Aug. During the fast his eyes became slightly dimmed, the top of his head, which was thinly covered with gray hair, became as white as milk, and he lost ten and a half pounds in weight. The outline of his features stood out more clearly, and his lips closed more tightly. Dr. Tanner drank eighty ounces of water | during the first two days, in doses ranging from six to eight ounces each, after which, in lieu of drinking, he simply gargled his mouth about once an hour. He spent the time reclining on his cot or sitting in a chair. At bedtime he took a spongebath and was rubbed down with coarse towels, after which he retired. Before he dressed in the morning his clothes were examined to ascertain that no food was concealed in them. His pulse and temperature were frequently taken, and his weight every day. Subsequently he lectured on fasting. Several persons have since fasted for long periods, and exhibitions of fasting have taken place both in this country and abroad. In 1888 John Zachar, residing near Racine, Wis., went without food for fifty-three days, which is the longest fast known. His weight was reduced from 160 to 90 pounds. TANNER, John, captive, b. in Kentucky about 1780; d. in 1847. His father removed from Kentucky to the mouth of Big Miami river, Ohio, and settled there as a farmer. At the age of six years the son was captured in the fields by an Indian, who wished to adopt a son in place of his own, who had recently died. Tanner was compelled to labor for the Indians, and thought to be "good for nothing” by his captor, who tomahawked him and left him to die in the woods, but he was found by his adopted mother, who treated him with kindness and affection, and he recovered. After two years he was sold to Net-no-kwa, an Ottawa Indian, and he remained in captivity for thirty years. He became thoroughly accustomed to Indian life, participated in many hunting warlike excursions in the region of the great lakes, and married Mis-kwa-bun-o-kwa, "the red sky of the morning." He afterward fell in with the Hudson bay company, and went to Detroit, where he was interviewed by Gov. Lewis Cass, and met his brother, with whom he was unable to speak except through an interpreter. After visiting his family he returned to the Indian settlement for his children, and was then employed as interpreter for the Indian agent at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. He wrote a "Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner during Thirty Years' Residence among the Indians," edited by Edwin James, M. D. (New York, 1830). His son, James, became a Unitarian missionary. | there in 1590. He received his education in Flanders, and early entered the Portuguese service, being employed as surgeon on board ships that sailed to the Indies. At the time of the invasion of Admiral Villegagnon, he was in Brazil as surgeon of the king, and he practised his profession afterward with great success, holding several important offices in the colony. After his return to Europe he published a curious work, “Colloquios dos simples e drogas do Brazil" (Coimbra, 1566), which enjoyed a great reputation for about a century in a revised and completed French version, Histoire des drogues, espiceries, et de certains médicaments et simples qui croissent ès Brésil, province de l'Amérique" (Paris, 1590). TAPPAN, David, clergyman, b. in Manchester, Mass., 21 April, 1752; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 27 April, 1803. The name was originally Topham. His ancestor, Abraham, came to this country from Yarmouth, England, in 1637, and his father, Benjamin, was pastor of a church in Manchester in 1720-'90. After graduation at Harvard in 1771, David studied divinity, and was pastor of a Congregational church in Newbury, Mass., from 1774 till 1792, when he was chosen Hollis professor of divinity at Harvard, serving there until his death. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Harvard in 1794. Dr. Tappan published many sermons and addresses. After his death appeared "Sermons on Important Subjects, with a Biographical Sketch of the Author," by Rev. Abiel Holmes (Boston, 1807), and "Lectures on Jewish Antiquities delivered at Harvard in 1802–’3” (1807). His son, Benjamin, clergyman, b. in Newbury, Mass.. 7 Nov., 1788; d. in Augusta, Me., 23 Dec., 1863, was graduated at Harvard in 1805, and was pastor of a Congregational church in Augusta, Me., from 16 Oct., 1811, until his death. Bowdoin gave him the degree of D. D. in 1845.— David's nephew, Benjamin, jurist, b. in Northampton, Mass., 25 May, 1773; d. in Steubenville, Ohio, 12 April, 1857, was the son of Benjamin Tappan, who, sacrificing his opportunity of study at Harvard for his younger brother, David, went Boston, became a gold- and silversmith, and in 1770 married Sarah Homes, the greatniece of Benjamin Franklin. After receiving a publicschool education, the son was apprenticed to learn copper - plate engraving and printing, and devoted some attention to portrait-painting. Subsequently he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1799. In 1803 he was elected to the legislature, and after the war of 1812, in which he served as aide to Gen. William Wadsworth, he was appointed judge in one of the county courts, and for seven years was president judge of the 5th Ohio circuit. In 1833 he was appointed by President Jackson U. S. judge for the district of Ohio. Being elected to the U. S. senate TAPIN, Richard (tah-pang), Flemish physi- as a Democrat, he served from 2 Dec., 1839, till 3 cian, b. in the duchy of Luxembourg about 1515; d. | March, 1845. He was an active leader of his party, to Bery Sappaw but afterward joined in the free-soil movement at its inception. He was widely known for his drollery and wit and for his anti-slavery sentiments. Judge Tappan published "Cases decided in the Court of Common Pleas," with an appendix (Steubenville, 1831). The second Benjamin's brother, John, philanthropist, b. in Northampton, Mass., in December, 1781'; d. in Boston, Mass., 25 March, 1871, entered mercantile life in Boston in 1799, became a partner in his employer's firm in 1803, and in 1807 was sole manager of the large house that was known by his name, but withdrew in 1825. He was president and treasurer of the American tract society, and was actively interested in missions and in many benevolent associations of Boston. Another brother, Arthur, b. in Northampton, Mass., 22 May, 1786; d. in New Haven, Conn., 23 July, 1865, was locked up while an infant in a folding bedstead. When he was discovered life was almost extinct, and headaches, to which he was subject daily through life, were ascribed to this accident. He received a common-school education, and served a seven years' apprenticeship in the hardware business in Boston, after which he established himself in Portland, Me., and subsequently in Montreal, Canada, where he remained until the beginning of the war of 1812. In 1814 he engaged with his brother Lewis in importing British dry-goods into New York city, and after the partnership was dissolved he successfully continued the business alone. Mr. Tappan was known for his public spirit and philanthropy. He was a founder of the American tract society, the largest donor for the erection of its first building, and was identified with many charitable and religious bodies. He was a founder of Oberlin college, also erecting Tappan hall there, and endowed Lane seminary in Cincinnati, and a professorship at Auburn theological seminary. With his brother Lewis he founded the New York "Journal of Commerce" in 1828, and established "The Emancipator" in 1833, paying the salary of the editor and all the expenses of its publication. He was an ardent Abolitionist, and as the interest in the anti-slavery cause deepened he formed, at his own rooms, the nucleus of the New York city antislavery society, which was publicly organized under his presidency at Clinton hall on 2 Oct., 1833. Mr. Tappan was also president of the American anti-slavery society, to which he contributed $1,000 a month for several years, but he withdrew in 1840 on account of the aggressive spirit that many members manifested toward the churches and the Union. During the crisis of 1837 he was forced to suspend payments, and he became bankrupt in 1842. During his late years he was connected with the mercantile agency that his brother Lewis established. He incurred the hatred of the southern slave-holders by his frequent aid to fugitives, and by his rescuing William Lloyd Garrison from imprisonment at Baltimore. See his "Life," by Lewis Tappan (New York, 1871). Another brother, Lewis, merchant, b. in Northampton, Mass., 23 May, 1788; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 21 June, 1873, received a good education, and at the age of sixteen became clerk in a dry-goods house in Boston. His employers subsequently aided him in establishing himself in business, and he became interested in calico-print works and in the manufacture of cotton. In 1827 he removed to New York and became a member of the firm of Arthur Tappan and Co., and his subsequent career was closely identified with that of his brother Arthur. With the latter he established in 1828 the " Journal of Commerce," of which he became sole owner in 1829. VOL. VI.—3 In 1833 he entered with vigor into the anti-slavery movement, in consequence of which his house was sacked and his furniture was destroyed by a mob in July, 1834, and at other times he and his brother suffered personal violence. He was also involved in the crisis of 1837, and afterward withdrew from the firm and established the first mercantile agency in the country, which he conducted with success. He was chief founder of the American missionary association, of which he was treasurer and afterward president, and was an early member of Plymouth church, Brooklyn. He published the life of his brother mentioned above. TAPPAN, Henry Philip, clergyman, b. in Rhinebeck, N. Y., 23 April, 1805; d. in Vevay, Switzerland, 15 Nov., 1881. He was graduated at Union college in 1825, and at Auburn theological seminary in 1827, and after serving for a year as associate pastor of a Dutch Reformed church in Schenectady, N. Y., became pastor of a Congregational church in Pittsfield, Mass., but resigned, owing to impaired health, and visited the West Indies. In 1832 he became professor of moral philosophy in the University of the city of New York, which post he resigned in 1838, and opened a private school. In 1852 he was elected first chancellor of the University of Michigan, and secured valuable additions to the literary and scientific resources of the university, among which were several fine instruments for the observatory. He retired in 1863, and spent the rest of his life in Europe. In 1859 he was elected corresponding member of the French imperial institute, and president of the American association for the advancement of education. He devoted much attention to the subject of university education, and studied the systems of England and Germany. Union gave him the degree of D. D. in 1845, and Columbia that of LL. I. in 1853. Dr. Tappan published a "Review of Edwards's 'Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will’” (New York, 1839); "The Doctrine of the Will determined by an Appeal to Consciousness" (1840); The Doctrine of the Will applied to Moral Agency and Responsibility" (1841; with additions, Glasgow, 1857); " Elements of Logic, together with an Introductory View of Philosophy in General and a Preliminary View of the Reason" (1844); "Trea tise on University Education (1851); "A Step from the New World to the Old, and Back Again (1852); and an "Introduction to Illustrious Personages of the Nineteenth Century " (1853). TAPPAN, Mason Weare, lawyer, b. in Newport, N. H., 20 Oct., 1817; d. in Bradford, N. H., 24 Oct., 1886. His father, a well-known lawyer, settled in Bradford in 1818, and was a pioneer in the anti-slavery movement. The son was educated at Kimball union academy, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1841, and acquired a large practice. He was early identified with the Whig party, and afterward was a Free-soiler and served in the legislature in 1853-'5. He was elected to congress as a Free-soiler, by a combination of the Whigs, Free-soilers, Independent Democrats, and Americans, at the time of the breaking up of the two great parties, Whigs and Democrats. He served from 3 Dec., 1855, till 3 March, 1861, and was a member of the special committee of thirtythree on the rebellious states. On 5 Feb., 1861, when a report was submitted recommending that the provisions of the constitution should be obeyed rather than amended, he made a patriotic speech in support of the government. Mr. Tappan was one of the earliest to enlist in the volunteer army, and was colonel of the 1st New Hampshire regiment from May till August, 1861. Afterward he re sumed the practice of law, and held the office of attorney-general of the state for ten years preceding his death. He was a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists' convention of 1866, and presided over the New Hampshire Republican convention on 14 Sept., 1886. In the presidential election of 1872 he supported his life-long friend, Horace Greeley. TAPPAN, William Bingham, poet, b. in Beverly, Mass., 29 Oct., 1794; d. in West Needham, Mass., 18 June, 1849. His early advantages were limited, but he acquired a good education and for six years taught in Philadelphia. In 1826 he removed to Boston, where he became general agent of the American Sunday-school union, and was engaged in the same work in Cincinnati and Philadelphia. He was licensed to preach in 1840. His publications are New England, and other Poems" (Philadelphia, 1819); "Songs of Judah, and other Melodies (1820); Lyrics (1822); "Poems (1834); "Memoir of Capt. James Wilson" (1842); Poetry of the Heart" (Boston, 1845); Sacred and Miscellaneous Poems (1846); "Poetry of Life" (1847); "The Sunday-School, and other Poems (1848); and Late and Early Poems" (Worcester. Mass., 1849). 66 99 66 1869. He wrote extensively on historical and religious subjects for the "New Englander," Bibliotheca Sacra, Historic-Genealogical Register," and other periodicals, was in 1849-51 associate editor of the "Congregationalist," contributed many poems and hymns to that and other journals, and from 1881 till his death was historiographer for the New England historic-genealogical society. Dr. Tarbox published juvenile books entitled the "Winnie and Walter Stories (4 vols., Boston, 1860) and "When I was a Boy" (1862); Nineveh, or the Buried City" (1864); "The Curse, or the Position occupied in History by the Race of Ham" (1865); "Tyre and Alexandria the Chief Commercial Cities of Scripture Times" (1865); "Missionary Patriots: James H. and Edward M. Schneider" (1867); "Uncle George's Stories" (1868); “Life of Israel Putnam (Old Put), Major-General in the Continental Army" (1876); “Sir Walter Raleigh and his Colony in America" (1884); “Songs and Hymns for Common Life" (1885); and "Diary of Thomas Robbins, D. D." (2 vols., 1886-'7). TARDIVAL, Julius Paul, Canadian journalist, b. in Covington, Ky., 2 Sept., 1851. He removed to Canada in 1868, was educated at St. TARAVAL, Sigismond, clergyman, b. in Lodi, Hyacinth college, in the province of Quebec, was Italy, 26 Oct., 1700; d. probably in Italy. He en- assistant editor of "Le Canadien" in 1874, and is tered the Jesuit novitiate on 31 Oct., 1718, went to editor of "La vérité." in Quebec, which he founded Mexico, and thence to California, where he founded in 1881. He was assistant government translator the mission of Santa Rosa. He discovered the at Ottawa from 1879 till 1881. Mr. Tardival has islands of Afagua and Amalgua on the Pacific published "Vie du Pape Pie IX., ses œuvres et ses coast, afterward known as Los Dolores, and col- douleurs" (Quebec, 1878); "Borrowed and Stolen | lected a large number of documents for a history Feathers, or a Glance through Mr. James M. of California. His manuscript work, entitled "Re- Lemoine's Latest Work, The Chronicles of the St. lacion del Martirio de los PP. Tomás Tello En- Lawrence (1878); L'Anglicisme, voilà l'enrique Ruhen, muertos por los Indios Seris," is in nemie" (1879); and "Mélanges" (1887). the Library of Mexico. TARBELL, John Adams, physician, b. in Boston, Mass., 31 March, 1810; d. there, 21 Jan., 1864. He was graduated at Harvard in 1832, and studied medicine in Paris for three years, receiving his degree from Bowdoin in 1836. He began practice in Boston, and in 1843 became a homœopathist. He was associate editor of the "Quarterly Homoeopathic Review" (Boston, 1853-'4), edited John Epps's "Domestic Homœopathy" and "The Pocket Homœopathist" (Boston, 1849); and was the author of "Sources of Health” (1850) and “Homœopathy Simplified" (1856–62). TARBELL, Joseph, naval officer, b. about 1780; d. in Norfolk, Va., 24 Nov., 1815. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 5 Dec., 1798, was promoted to lieutenant, 25 Aug., 1800, and served in Preble's squadron during the Tripolitan war. He was included in the vote of thanks to Preble and his officers by act of congress, 3 March, 1805, was promoted to master-commandant, 25 April, 1808, and commanded the frigate "John Adams" in 1811-'14. He was commissioned a captain, 24 July, 1813, and rendered good service in the defence of Craney island and James river in June, 1813, capturing three barges and forty prisoners when the British were repelled in this attack. He was then stationed at Norfolk, Va., where he died. TARBOX, Increase Niles, author, b. in East Windsor, Conn., 11 Feb., 1815; d. in West Newton, Mass., 3 May, 1888. He was graduated at Yale in 1839, studied theology while acting as tutor there in 1842-'4, and from 1844 till 1851 was pastor of a Congregational church in Framingham, Mass., which he left to become secretary of the American education society, later the American college and education society, in Boston, Mass. This office he filled till 1884. He received the degree of D.D. from Yale and from Iowa college in TARIEU DE LANAUDIÈRE, Charles (tahree-uh), Canadian statesman, b. in Canada in 1744; d. there in 1841. At the age of sixteen he took part in the battle of Saint Foye, as an officer in the regiment de la Sarre, and was severely wounded. Ile went to France with his regiment after the surrender of Montreal, visited the principal courts of Europe, and married shortly after his return to Canada. In 1775 he held a command in the Canadian militia, and was taken prisoner by the Americans in a skirmish on the frontier. He was instrumental in saving Gen. Carleton from capture when Benedict Arnold reached Montreal, escorting the English leader to Quebec at the head of three hundred Canadians. He was made aide-de-camp on Carleton's staff, and several years later master of the waters and forests. Tarieu made frequent journeys to Europe, the expenses of which impaired his fortune. When he returned to Canada in 1787 he endeavored to turn his influence with the Canadian government to account, in order to obtain a change in the system of seignorial_tenures, and presented a petition to this effect in January, 1788. The result of the changes he asked for would enable the Canadian seigneurs to draw larger revenues from their fiefs by throwing them open to American and English settlers. The measure was opposed by most of the other great proprietors, and the agitation that then began was not settled until 1854, when the question of land-tenure in Canada received a definitive solution. In 1792 he was created a member of the legislative council, which post he held till his death, and in which his talents, combined with his influence over successive governors, gave him great power. TARLETON, Sir Banastre, bart., British soldier, b. in Liverpool, 21 Aug., 1754; d. in England, 23 Jan., 1833. He came to America with Lord Cornwallis in Sir Peter Parker's squadron in May, 1776. He was major in Col. Harcourt's regiment of dragoons, and accompanied Harcourt in the raid upon Baskingridge, N. J., which resulted in the capture of Gen. Charles Lee, 13 Dec. Little is heard of him during the next three years. In December, 1779, he accompanied the expedition of Sir Henry Clinton to South Carolina with the rank of lieutenantcolonel. He raised and organized troop known as the "British legion," or sometimes "Tarleton's gion." It comprised both light infantry and cavalry, with a few field - pieces, and Banastre Parkettiz on military affairs, the value of which may be estimated from the fact that he almost uniformly condemned the Duke of Wellington. He published a "History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America" (London, 1787). This book has value in so far as it contains many documents that cannot elsewhere be obtained except with great labor. As a narrative it is spoiled by the vanity of the author, who distorts events for his self-glorification to a degree that is seldom paralleled in books of this character. The work was severely criticised by Col. Roderick Mackenzie, "Strictures on Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton's History" (London, 1787). Mackenzie in turn was answered by Tarleton's second in command, Major George Hanger, afterward Lord Colerain," Address to the Army in Reply to Colonel Mackenzie's Strictures" (London, 1787). The bestle-known portrait of Tarleton is the one by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1782), representing him in full uniform, with his foot on a cannon, from which the accompanying vignette is copied. Among the English colonel's American friends was Israel Halleck, a loyalist, father of Fitz-Greene, who was for a time a member of his military family, and between whom and Tarleton there was an enduring friendship. а as was thus a miniature army in itself. It was made up partly of British regulars, partly of New York loyalists, and was further recruited by loyalists of South Carolina. At the head of this legion Tarleton soon made himself formidable in partisan warfare. In the difficult country of the Carolinas, with poor roads, frequent swamps or pine-barrens, and scant forage, he could move far more rapidly than the regular army, and his blows were delivered with sudden and crushing effect. After Clinton's capture of Charleston, 12 May, 1780, Col. Buford's regiment, which had been marching toward Charleston, began its retreat to Virginia, but Tarleton, giving chase, overtook and overwhelmed it at Waxhaw Creek, near the border between the two Carolinas. Nearly all Buford's men were slaughtered, and thenceforth the phrase "Tarleton's quarter was employed to denote wholesale butchery. At Camden, 15 Aug., Tarleton completed the ruin of Gen. Gates's left wing. At Fishing Creek, 18 Aug., he surprised Gen. Thomas Sumter, and utterly routed and dispersed his force; but at Blackstock's Hill, 20 Nov., Sumter returned the compliment, and severely defeated Tarleton. Early in January, 1781, Lord Cornwallis sent Tarleton, with 1,100 men, westward to the mountain country to look after Gen. Daniel Morgan, who was threatening the British inland posts. At the Cowpens, 17 Jan., Morgan, with 900 men, awaited his attack and almost annihilated his force of 1,100 men in one of the most brilliant battles of the war. Tarleton accompanied Cornwallis during his campaigns in North Carolina and Virginia. In June, 1781, he made a raid upon Gov. Jefferson's house at Monticello; but the governor, forewarned, had escaped to the mountains a few minutes before Tarleton's arrival. He remained with Cornwallis until the surrender at Yorktown. On returning to England he was promoted colonel. In 1790 he was elected to parliament from Liverpool, and was so popular that all the expenses of the election were borne by his friends. He was member of parliament in 1790-1806, and again in 1807-'12. In 1817 he reached the grade of lieutenant-general, and was made a baronet, 6 Nov., 1818. Ross, the editor of Cornwallis's "Correspondence," says (p. 44) that, in the house of commons, Tarleton "was notorious for his criticisms TASCHER DE LA PAGERIE, Joseph (tash-air), Chevalier, French soldier, b. in the castle of La Pagerie, near Blois, in 1701; d. in Trois Islets, Martinique, in 1762. He was descended from a family of German origin that settled in Blaisois about the 12th century, and whose members served with credit in the army and in the magistracy. In 1726 he settled in Martinique, where he married a wealthy creole, Aymer de la Chevalerie, and held for several years the office of lieutenant of the king in Saint Pierre. During the English invasion in 1756 he armed his slaves, led them to the front, and was dangerously wounded at the attack on Grande Savane. His son, Joseph Gaspard, Chevalier, and afterward Baron, b. in Carbet, Martinique, 5 July, 1735; d. in Trois Islets, 6 Nov., 1790, became, when seventeen years old, a page to the Dauphine Marie Joséphe, served afterward as lieutenant in the marines, and fought against the English when they invaded Martinique in 1756. After the conclusion of peace in 1763 he was retired with the brevet of captain, made a knight of Saint Louis, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits on his large estate at Trois Islets. He published several treatises on colonial methods of culture.-By his wife, ROSE CLAIRE DES VERGERS DE SANNOIS (b. in Saint Pierre, Martinique, 27 Aug., 1736; d. in Trois Islets, 2 June, 1807), he had three daughters, the eldest of whom was Marie Joséphine Rose, who became the Empress Josephine. TASCHER DE LA PAGERIE, Louis Robert Pierre Claude, Count and afterward Duke, West Indian soldier, b. in Fort de France, Martinique, 1 April, 1787; d. in Paris, France, 3 March, 1861. He was a first cousin to Empress Josephine, and received his early education in Martinique. Napoleon Bonaparte summoned him to France in 1802, and placed him at the military school of Fontainebleau. He was promoted lieutenant in 1806, assisted in the battle of Eylau, was aide-de-camp to Napoleon at the battle of Friedland, served under Junot in Portugal in 1808, was afterward aide-de-camp to Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Empress Josephine, and, accompanying him to Bavaria in 1815, became a major-general in the Bavarian army. He was created a senator of the empire on 31 Dec., 1852, and made on 27 Jan., 1853, grand-master of E. A. Card. Jaschenau liquors at bazaars, and also prohibiting the holding of such sales on Sunday. TASCHEREAU, Jean Thomas, Canadian jurist, b. in Quebec, 12 Dec., 1814. He studied law, was admitted as an advocate in 1836, appointed professor of commercial law in Laval university in 1855, and was assistant judge of the superior court of Quebec in 1850, 1855, and 1858. He became queen's counsel in 1860, puisne judge of the superior court of Quebec in 1865, and judge of the court of queen's bench in 1873, and he was puisne judge of the supreme court of Canada in 1875-'8.-His son, Henri Thomas, Canadian jurist, b. in Quebec, 6 Oct., 1841, was graduated in law in 1861, admitted as an advocate in 1863, entered parliament in 1872, and was appointed puisne judge of the supreme court of Lower Canada in 1878. He edited " Les debats" in 1862 and "La tribune " in 1863. Jean Thomas's cousin, Henri Elzear, Canadian jurist, b. in St. Mary's, Beauce, Canada East, 7 Oct., 1836. He was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1867, and practised in the city of Quebec. He represented Beauce in the Canadian assembly from 1861 till 1867, when he was defeated as a candidate for the Dominion parliament. He was appointed clerk of the peace for the district of Quebec in 1868, but soon resigned and became puisne judge of the superior court of the province of Quebec, 12 Jan., 1871, and of the supreme court of the Dominion in October, 1878, in succession to Jean Thomas Taschereau. He is a cousin of Cardinal Taschereau. He has published “The Criminal Law for the Dominion of Canada, with Notes, Commentaries, Precedents of Indictments, etc." (2 vols., Montreal and Toronto, 1874-'8; 2d ed., enlarged, Toronto, 1888); and "Code de procédure civile du Bas Canada," with annotations (Quebec, 1876). the Empress Eugénie's household, which post he retained till his death. By his marriage with Princess Marie de Leyen, he had several sons, one of whom was for some years French consul-general in New Orleans, Porto Rico, and Havana. TASCHEREAU, Elzear Alexandre (tasher-o), Canadian cardinal, b. in Sainte Marie de la Beauce, province of Quebec, 17 Feb., 1820. His great-grandfather, Thomas Jacques Taschereau, emigrated from Touraine, France, and in 1746 was granted the seigniory of Sainte Marie de la Beauce. When he was eight years of age Elzear was entered as a pupil at the Seminary of Quebec, and when he was seventeen he went to Rome, where a year later he received the tonsure. The same year he returned to Quebec, resuming his theological studies, and on 13 Sept., 1842, was ordained a priest. Soon afterward he was appointed to arch de Queber the chair of moral philosophy in the Seminary of Quebec, which he filled for twelve years, and during this period displayed liberal tendencies, opposing the ultramontane element in the church to which he belonged. In 1847, during the prevalence of a fatal fever among the emigrants at Grosse island, he volunteered to assist the chaplain at that place in ministering to the sick and dying, and labored untiringly among them until he was stricken by the pestilence. In 1854 he was sent to Rome by the second provincial council of Quebec to present its decrees for ratification to Pius IX., and he remained two years in the city, studying canon law. In July, 1856, the degree of doctor of canon law was conferred on him by the Roman seminary. Soon afterward he returned to Quebec, and became director of the Petit séminaire, which post he held till 1859, when he was appointed director of the Grande séminaire, and a member of the council of public instruction for Lower Canada. In 1860 he became superior of the seminary and rector of Laval university, and in 1862 he accompanied Archbishop Baillargeon on a visit to Rome, and, returning toward the end of the same year, was appointed vicar-general of the diocese of Quebec. În 1865 he again went to Rome on business connected with the university, in 1866 (his term of office as superior having expired) he was again made director of the Grande séminaire, and three years later he was re-elected superior. He attended the ecumenical council at Rome in 1870, and on the death of the archbishop of Quebec in October of the same year he became an administrator of the archdiocese conjointly with Vicar-mons, and in 1873 visited Europe, publishing a deGeneral Cazeau. In February, 1871, he was appointed archbishop of Quebec, and he was consecrated on 19 March by Archbishop Lynch, of Toronto. Subsequently he visited Rome several times on business of importance, and in 1886 he became the first Canadian cardinal, the beretta being conferred upon him with great ceremony on 21 July at Quebec. Immediately after his elevation Cardinal Taschereau issued a circular letter forbidding the use of spirituous and fermented | TASISTRO, Louis Fitzgerald, author, b. in Ireland about 1808; d. about 1868. He received a liberal education, travelled in various countries, and while yet a young man came to the United States. He edited a paper in New York city, and afterward one in Boston, wrote for periodicals, and essayed the dramatic profession, making his appearance as Zanga, in The Slave," at the Park theatre, New York city, and afterward as Hamlet, at the Chestnut street theatre, Philadelphia, 31 Aug., 1831. Subsequently he settled in Washington, D. C., where he was for several years translator for the department of state. Afterward he engaged in lecturing and literary work. He was the author of Travels in the Southern States: Random Shots and Southern Breezes" (New York, 1842). TASSE, Joseph, Canadian author, b. in Montreal, 23 Oct., 1848. He was educated at Bourget's college, and afterward connected himself with the press. In 1867 he became editor of "Le Canada at Ottawa, and from 1869 till 1872 he was associate editor of "La Minerve" in Montreal, and at the same time a director of "Le revue Canadiénne," to which he contributed essays on history, literature, and political economy. He was afterward employed as assistant French translator of the house of com tailed account of his travels. He was elected president of the French Canadian institute of Ottawa in 1872 and 1873, was a delegate to the French national convention at Montreal in 1874, and took an active part in its deliberations regarding the return of expatriated Canadians from the United States. He declined to become a candidate for the Canadian parliament in 1874, was elected to that body for Ottawa in 1878, and was re-elected in 1882. He was chosen president of the Quebec press asso |