Internal Combustion Engines

A/F ratio adiabatic air-fuel ratio blades Brake power C₁ calorific value carburettor clearance volume combustion chamber compression ratio constant pressure constant volume cooling crank crankcase crankshaft diameter Diesel cycle diesel engine emission energy engine speed entropy equation exhaust gases exhaust valve expansion F/A ratio fluid four stroke four stroke cycle friction fuel injection fuel-air gas turbine H₂ Heat rejected Heat supplied heat transfer I.C. engine increase Indicated power injector intake intercooling isothermal kg of air kg/min kg/s kJ/kg load loss lubrication m³/min maximum mean effective pressure mechanical efficiency mixture N₂ nozzle operation Otto cycle output p-V diagram P₁ P₂ petrol engine piston pressure ratio pump Refer Fig S.I. engine scavenging spark plug specific fuel consumption specific heat stroke cycle engine suction supercharging swept volume T₁ T₂ thermal efficiency thermodynamic throttle V₁ V₂ vapour velocity volumetric efficiency