that a learned and officiating clergyman, in distress, or an officiating clergyman re. duced and rendered incapable of duty, by age or infirmity, shall be considered as a claimant on the Literary Fund; and that a provision shall be made for such claim in the following manner; I. The influence of the Society shall be employed in promoting a subscription for this purpose; the produce to be denominated, The Ecclesiastical Fund." Lite subscriptions, and annual subscriptions to be disposed of in the same manner as the Annual Income and Funded Property of the Literary Fund some permanent capital being necessary to prevent those cruel fluctua. tions and uncertainties incident to charities depending wholly on Annual Subscriptions. II. That the Society collectively and individually, shall endeavour to induce the Engfish clergy universally to plead the just cause of their own order, by preaching occasionally (in rich and populous parishes once in every year), on this most useful and most important subject. Many of them are celebrated for their benevolent exertions to establish ness. charities of inferior effect on public happiIt is therefore impossible to suppose they will hesitate to assist their learned and labouring brethren, sinking into misery in the midst of public profusion and extravagance. The produce of their exertions will be deposited at the Literary Fund, in a special trust appointed by themselves, and (where there can be no patronage, intrigue, or flattery, to supersede merit) it shall be distributed by a special committee (appointed also by them). For every clergyman affording this assistance, as often as may suit his convenience, shall be entitled to all the privileges of a member of this Society, in the department of the Ecclesiastical Fund; in common with the subscribers and members, who in the peculiar difficulties of the institution have borne the burthen and heat of the day. III. That a committee consisting of seven clergymen and seven laymen shall be annually appointed, and be entitled the Ecclesiastical Committee. To preserve an uni formity and harmony in the whole institution, this committee must allow the inspection and assistance of the officers and visitors of the Literary Fund; in the same manner, and for the same purposes, as all other commitrees of the Society. IV. That, to prevent occasions of confusion and perplexity the same trustees, registrers, treasurers, and servants, be appointed for all the property and business of the Society. V. That all the transactions, civil and ecclesiastical, of the Literary Fund, shall take place at the house of the Society, No. 36, Gerrard street, Westminster, where the economy in behalf of distressed literature is so rigid and scrupulous, tl at the servants only receive compensations; where all the offices are executed gratuitous Iy; and where even the resident visitor defrays all his own expences. A society has recently been established n London for promotion christianity. among the Jews. The means by which they hope to accomplish this object, are as follow:-To establish a school, that they may be able to receive children wholly from their parents, and bestow upon them education, board, and clothing; to connect with this a day-school, out of which vacancies in the former may be filled up; to put out girls and boys as apprentices; to find employment, if pos sible, for those who are able to work; to visit and relieve the sick; to distribute tracts, &c. The perusal of the Report by Messrs. FOURCROY, DEYEUX, and VAUQUELIN, on a Memoir of M. BERTHOLLET, jun. entitled, "Inquiries Concerning the Reciprocal Action of Sulphur and Charcoal," has induced Dr. John New to publish an opinion, which he has for some years entertained: that charcoal and hydrogen are modifications of one and the same substance, or that hydrogen is the base of charcoal. Should this opinion, the result of various experiments and observations be confirmed, an important and extensive field will be opened to the scientific world. The pabulum of plants, and the origin of that immense quantity of carbonaceous matter, anngally produced in the vegetable kingdom, would thus easily and satisfactorily be accounted for, as originating from water alone. HOLLAND. In the late inundations near Loenen, in the district of the Upper Betewe, was discovered the right hip-bone of an elephant, measuring from the os pubis, to the end of the hip, 3 feet (Rhynland measure) of which a drawing was taken on the spot, by the scientific Mr. H. Hoogens. A double tooth, together with some other bones,belonging to that species of animal have been found on the same spot. A curious and genuine specimen of the labours of LAURENS Jansz, commonly called LAURENS COSTER, the original inventor of the art of printing, was advertised to be sold by auction on the 20th of April last, by Haak, bookseller of Leyden. This valuable piece of antiquity consists of a wooden printing form, in excellent preservation. It is about three inches long, two inches broad, and three quarters of an inch thick; upon which an entire page of a Latin Hora rium has been cut in inverted characters. At the same time was to be disposed of, a genealogical table, written upon very old parchinent, bot perfectly legible, of the progeny of Laurens, by whom it seems this document has been preserved since the 15th century, and handed down to each succeeding generation. This genealogy cominences with the daughter of Laurens Coster, who published the first printed impression in 1441, and closes with her descendants about the year 1585. ITALY. At the villa of the COUNT MORONI, near Rome, were lately discovered the tombs of the ancient Roman families of the Manli. They were found to contain two statues, five busts of an urn, all in tolerable preservation, and distinguished by the name of Manlius. Two skeletons dug up at the feet of these statues, still had rings upon their fingers. Close to the skeleton of a female, named Aga thonia, were found the shell of an egg, an oil bottle, a broken mirror, and a lamp. Upon this lamp was represented Tarquin, carrying a dagger in his hand, at the moment he was going to violate Lucretia. Baron Hasselin, minister from the King of Bavaria, to the Holy See, has purchased these valuable relics, which are at least two thousand years old. RUSSIA. and 1805, had sustained itself from 23 to 274, and 29, fell in 1808 to 15 and 16. ASIA. In the night between the 11th and 12th of October, after the Franciscan Monks, who reside in the Holy Sepulchre, in Jerusalem, had retired to rest, they heard an uncoinmon noise in the church. They immediately hastened to the spot, and on entering it, they discovered the wooden altar, and the cells of the Armenian ecclesiastics, situated over the columns of the gallery in flames. The fire thence descended upon the choir of the Greeks, and to the floor of the church, assuming a most awful appearance, and threatening the elevated wooden cupola of the temple with immediate destruction. The Franciscans used their utmost efforts to stop the progress of the conflagration, but they were too few in number, and also wanted the implements necessary for that pur pose. At length they succeeded in alarming the ecclesiastics of the adjacent church of St. Salvator, as well as the police, but by this time the flames had reached the cupola. As soon as the alarm was given, the whole of the Roman Catholic youth of the city immediately rushed to their assistance, but notwithstanding they exerted themselves with the utmost zeal and intrepidity, it was impossible to stop the fury of the devouring element. Before six in the morning, the cupola, with all the melting lead, with which it was covered, fell in and gave this extensive building the appearance of a burning smelting-house. The excessive heat, which proceeded from this immense mass of liquid fire, not only shivered the marble columns sup. porting the gallery, but likewise the marble floor of the church, together with the pilasters and images in bas-relief, that decorated the chapel of the Holy Sepulchre, situated in the centre of the church. Soon after the massive columns that supported the gallery fell down, to gether with the whole of the walls. No lives were lost; and it is remarkable that the interior of the chapel, containing the Holy Sepulchre, in which service is per 3,622 formed, has not been in the least in. 4,157 jured; though situated immediately under 3,471 the cupola, and consequently in the mid5,085 dle of the flames. After the fire had How large a proportion of these were been extinguished, it was found that the English may be judged, from a cumpa- silk-hangings, with which it is decorison with the year 1808, when the num-rated, and the splendid painting of the ber of ships trading to the ports of Rus resurrection upon the altar at the ensia was arrived 996-sailed 926. The trance, had not sustained the smallest exchange on Hamburgh, which in 1802, damage. From a very interesting work, written by Count Romanzow, entitled, "State of the Commerce of the Russian Empire, from 1802, to 1808," we learn that in 1803, the value of foreign commodities imported into Russia, amounted to 55 millions of rubles, and the exports to sixty-seven millions. The duties exceeded those of the preceding years by 110,000 rubles. In 1804, owing to the difficulties of commercial speculations, the imports were minus six, and the exports three, millions of rubles. Even then the balance in favour of Russia, which in 1803 had been 21,590,968 rubles, still amounted to 9,517,440. In 1805, notwithstanding the almost total stagnation of trade, the imports exceeded those of 1804, by six millions; and the exports by 184 millions; and the balance in favour of Russia was 254 millions of rubles. The number of ships which ar rived at, and departed from, the Russian pofts during that period, was as follows: Arrived. Sailed. In 1802 1803 1801 1805 3,730 4,135 3,478 5,832 REVIE REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. A Canto, consisting of Ballads, Rounds, Glees, and a Roundelay; Cavatinas, Canzonettas, Duettinos, Terzettos, and a Quartettino. Composed by W. Shield, esq. 125. HE variegated contents of this book serve to exhibit Mr. Shield in the two-fold character of melodist and barmonist; and if they do not add to the distinguished figure he has long made as a vocal composer, they are certainly calculated to support his well-earned fame, and will not fail to please those who are partial to the simple English strain, aided by natural and unlaboured harmonization. The poetry, from which Mr. S. has, most laudably, been careful to weed every exceptionable expression, is selected from a variety of authors, ancient and modern; and includes many rare and beautiful efforts of the Lyric Muse. Several of the melodies are peculiarly sweet and highly expressive. The plan upon which the harmony is constructed will, perhaps, be best explained by the composer's own words, as given in his prefatory advertisement. "Some of the ballads, for three and four voices," says he, "I have arranged in such a manner as to give more melody to the treble and bass than to the inner parts, that they may be occasionally sung as solos or duets. A scientific dispersion of harmony would assuredly have been more acceptable to learned musicians, but would not have been equally useful and agreeable to the generality of amateurs." For the most part the terms, indicative of the intended time and expression, are given in plain English: but in inore than a few instances a multiplicity of words, borrowed from the Italian, are introduced; which, however, proper to the occasion, will be new to the general eye, and often send the practitioner for explanation to Dr. Busby's MUSICAL DIC commend the work to the generality of practitioners. Many of the passages, though brilliant in their effect, are not difficult of execution, and are calculated to display the juvenile finger to great advantage. The Maid of Sorrow, a Dialogue and Duet. Composed and dedicated to the Misses Harrison, by Dr. John Clarke, Cambridge. 2s. 6d. This composition, the words of which are taken from Cariyle's Arabian Poetry, The melody is happily conceived, and is intended for a soprano and tenor. the effect of the combination bespeaks ful use Dr. Clarke has occasionally made much science and thinking. With the artof the passages in the duet, we are greatly pleased: the parts play into each other very fancifully, and evince much facility in this species of composition.. A Duet for Tavs Performers, on the Piano forte. Composed and dedicated to Miss Gordon, by John Ross, esq. of Aberdeen. 45. This duet, in which Mr. Ross has introduced for subjects of the slow and last movements, Scottish airs, is artificially constructed, and displays much ingenuity, as well as a respectable portion of science. The parts blend with, and relieve, each other in a superior style, and lend to the author's ideas a power of impression only to be derived from experience and natured judgment. Sei Notturni, a Tre Voci. Composti e dedicati a sua Maesta La Régina di Baviera, de C. Cannabich. 6. Signor Cannabich has given in these Notturni a pleasing specimen of his taste as a vocal composer. Without affecting to display any extraordinary science, he has thrown together melodies, which com bine with grace, and argue more of knowledge and contrivance than meet the ear. In a word, the familiar and attractive style of the work, taken in a general view, will not fail to recommend it to the attention of all vocal performers of taste. "O don't forget me," a Song with an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte. Composed by M. Virtue. The words of this song, said to be written by "a soldier on embarking for South America," are tender and affecting; and Mr. Virtue, in his melody, has not swerved from the style of his author, nor neglected the enforcement of his sentiment. sentiment. The passages are simple, connected and impressive; and the general effect is such as to insure the approbation of the feeling heart and cultivated ear. A Collection of original Psalm Tunes for Three and Four Voices, in the usual Measures, by Samuel Webbe, sen. and jun. 55. The harmonization of these Psalm Tunes is expressed in the tenor and coun ter cliffs; but we submit to Messrs. Webbe, sen. and jun. whether, since the publication is obviously designed for domestic and familiar use, it would not have been more advisable to have adopted the treble cliff for the inner parts. The tunes are characteristically fancied, the evolutions of the chords are easy and natural, and the disposition of the parts bespeaks judginent in harmonical construction. Highland Rondo for the Piano-forte. Composed and dedicated to Miss Sayer, by J. Gilden, 2s. 6d. The subject of this Rondo possesses much of the true Highland character, and the digressive matter does not lead the ear from the track of nature and consistency. The whole is Scotch, as it should be, and the general effect unique as striking. Haydn's celebrated Movement, "The Surprize,'. with Variations for the Harp, or Piano forte Composed and dedicated to Miss Flower, by Thomas Powell. 2s. Mr. Powell has formed of this popular inovement an exercise for juvenile practitioners; from the study of which they will derive both pleasure and profit. The variations are ingeniously conceived, and productive of effects which sort with the subject, and set it off to great advantage. racteristic signs of the Four Seasons, we Not discovering in this piece any chaprofess ourselves to be too dull to conceive, why Mr. Jay has chosen them for its title. However, waving so trivial a a consideration, we have a very favourable account to give of the merits of the ence nor taste; the passages are pleascomposition. It is neither without sciingly imagined, and connected with judg ment; and the aggregate effect will, we think, bear us out in saying that, if it exhibits no particular allusions to the Four Seasons, yet its attractions will not at any time be out of season. Exercises and Duets, with the Fingering accu rately marked, composed and expressly arranged for Bainbridge and Woot's Double Flageolet; by John Parry, Teacher of the Single and Double Flageolets, Flute, &c. 5s. the patentee may be thus described :There are two wheels of the same diameter fixed on a nut and screw, but one of the wheels has one tooth more than the other, and they are both turned by the same pinion. Suppose one to have 100 teeth and the other 101, then when the latter has made one complete revolution, the other will have made one revolation and the one-hundredth part of another, consequently the screw will have risen one-hundredth part of the distance between two of its threads; and then, according to the principle of the screw, the increase of the power obtained by this method will be in the proportion of 100 to 1. If there be another screw and nut revolving round a pin in the centre of the upper part of the screw, on which the other wheels revolve, and suppose to the nut there be fixed a wheel having 102 teeth, and to the screw a wheel having 101 teeth, then when they are turned round by the same pinion, as soon as the nut has made one revolution, the screw will have made one revolution and the 101st of another, by which operation the nut will be lowered the one hundred and first part of the distance between two threads of the screw. The turning of the two first-mentioned wheels, therefore has the effect of raising the nut the oth part, and the turning of the two last-mentioned wheels the effect of lowering the nut thest part, of the distance between two threads of the screw; cousequently, when the wheels are turned all together once round by the same pinion, the effect will be that of raising the end oXT TOT, or the ten thousand one hundredth part of the dis tance between two threads of the screw, and the increase of power obtained by this method will be in the proportion of 10100 to 1. These wheels, &c. are shewn by drawings attached to the specification, as are likewise two others in a small frame, which is attached to the large one by hinges, and which are to be used when it is required to produce an increase of velocity: for this purpose the pinion must be raised upon its axis, so as to be disengaged from the wheel, and the wheels in the small frame must be brought in contact with the pinion and wheel, so that the pinion may turn the upper wheel in the small frame; and the lower wheel in the small frame turn the wheel. The effect will be that of turning the wheels in contrary directions: the screw and nut will move in opposition to ench other, and the end will, by this new metbod, rise with an increased velocity. Another figure represents two screws, with their nuts placed opposite to each other: now, if the screws be turned by machinery similar to that already described, their nuts being fixed; then, if they be turned in the same circular direc tion, one screw will advance, and the other recede; or, if the screws be fixed, and the machinery applied to the nuts, then one nut will advance, and the other recede; but as the motion of one will be quicker than that of the other, they will gradually approach, and there will be an increase of power procured. MR. ANTHONY BERROLLAS'S (DENMARK STREET,) for a Method of making inful lible Repeating Watches. First. The outside of the watches here referred to resembles that of common watches, except the pendent, which is mounted on a button consisting of twe parts; of these the lower one does not move, and the upper one having an endless screw annexed to it, turns round and comes out to the extent of four turns, and is cut in four turns and a half. The upper part of the button being turned to the right, screws off from the lower part, and operating upon the hour rack, cau be continued to be unscrewed, until it has struck the hour which the hand indicates, when it cannot be further unscrewed. The same part being afterwards screwed to the left, to bring it back again, to join the lower fixed part, operates upon the quarter rack, and quarters are struck in the same manner as the hours, until the one part is completely joined to the other. Secondly. The movement of this watch is the same as that of a common watch that is not a repeater. The wheel works are of the same height; which is not the case with common repeaters, in which the operation of striking being occasioned by a work in the movement composed of five wheels, five pinions, and a barrel and main spring, recessarily cause the movement-wheels, to be smaller, and this injures the solidity of the work, and aug ments the labour. The sort of escapement may be made according to fancy. The hammer which strikes the hours and quarters is the only additional piece which is in the frame of the movement, and which distinguishes the infallible repeating watch from a common watch not a repeater. Thirdly. The motion is composed of three principal parts: the first contains the hour rack, the second the quarter rack, the third the pendent and endless screw. The latter turning on itself ascends perpendicularly |