The Marshal the Duke of Dantzic has the command of the Bavarian army. The Bavarian Generals Wrede and Deroy serve under him. The General of Division Drouet is the chief of his staff. The Marshal Duke of Valmy (Eeller mann) is expected at Strasburgh, where he is to have the command of the army of reserve. The Bavarian army is formed in three divisions. The first under the command of the Hereditary Prince, the seconds under General Wrede, and the third under General Deroy. A French army is also assembling in the neighbourhood of Udina, and troops are marching thither from all quarters of Italy. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. Madrid, April 2. General Sebaftiani announces from Santac Cruz at the foot of the Sierra Morena, under date of the 29th of March, that on the 27th he defcried the Spanish army of Andalufia, to which were joined a vaft number of peafants, ftationed in order of battle before Cin-, dad Real, that he advanced against them, routed and destroyed them without any reStance; that on the 28th the feeble remains of that army were ong Sierra Morena, and the other fide of the and that the produce of this affair was 4000 prifoners of war, feven flandards, and 8 pieces of cannon. Among the prifoners of war are 197 officers, of whom four are colonels, and feven lieutenant colonels. A great number of the enemy were) fain. More than 300 were put to the fword by the cavalry. We have loft but 30 killed and 60 wounded. Colonel Girard, of the 12th regiment of dragoons, was feverely wounded by a ball. The colonel of Dutch buffars was alfo wounded., General Sebaftiani praifes exceedingly the chief of the staff Bouille, who, the day before the battle, croffed the Guadiana in company with General Milhaud, in order to prevent the bridge being broken, in Beral Milliaud, his officers, and troops, difhis officers, un troep, diftinguished themfelves. The following day the fugitives were purfued by the cavalry, and two of the enemy's generals, who were among them, were Bain. General Sebaftiani was on 29th at the foot of the Sierra Morena, and found himself on a line with the Duke of Belluno (Victor), who must already have advanced beyond Merida. At the fame moment that General Se baftiani captured Cindad Real, and arrived at the foot of the Sierra Morena, the Duke of Belluno won the battle of Merida. "The troops of referve of Seville, Badas jos, and Andaluña, were collected together, and placed in order of battle by General Cuefta, upon an elevated plain, between Doubenite and Medellin, and which was co vered by the Guadiana. This army formed in three lines, was fupported by batteries. "As foon as the Duke of Belluno obferved this, he commanded the cavalry of Generals Laffalle and Latour Maubourg to place themfelves in an oblique line; and he ordered General Laval to place himself, with the dithe Rhine in a clofe column, between the vifion of the Princes of the Confederation of him with 14 pieces of artillery, and placed above mentioned cavalry. He strengthened the divifion's Villate and Ruffin in the rear. "The Duke of Belluno attacked the left wing of the enemy, and inftantly threw it! into confusion. The centre and right wing were alfo routed. Severythoufand Spaniards remained upon the field of battle; 3c00 were made prifoners; the remainder are difperfed Thirty pieces cannon and nine co lours have fallen into our hands. "This important engagement has laid open-Seville to us. The fugitives are purfued with the utmost activity. On the 29th of March, the advanced guard of the Duke of Belluno was alieady arrived on the right fide of Badajos, and it is hoped to unite itfelf with-the. Duke of Dalmatia; who it is thought, has already entereg L Lisbon." *PORTUGAL. Proclamation of Marsbut Soult to the Portuguese. "In confequence of the memorable fuc ceffes obtained by the army of his Majesty the Emperor and King, my auguft Sovereign, I again approach' your territory, to take poffeffion of the whole of it, in the name of my master. 9 "I do not, therefore, expect I fhall meet with any refiftance; but flatter myself I fhall be received with the fame cordiality with which we were received little more than year ago. "What effect can refiftance have! What can you propofe to yourfelves when all thofe armies which frenzy had affembled in Spain are destroyed. "That English army which made its appearance on the Continent only to foment the fpirit of diforder and rebellion, and, inflict all kinds of calamities, has been defeated, and forced to embark for England, after hav ing loft one half of its foldiers, its best generals, all its ammunities, its horfes, and Laggage. "Portuguese, in the name of his Majefty the Emperor and King Napoleon, I offer you that peace which you yourselves have driven from your country. "I offer you protection for yourselves and your property, for your religion, and the minifters of that religion. "I offer you befides an entire oblivion of thet pait, and will engage that you shall receive the clemency of his Majesty the Emperor. "You all enjoy the benefit of the fublime inftitutions of the fame auguft Sovereign. It will be caly for me to deliver you from the Calamitice calamities which you cannot deny that you emure, and affuage the evils which you have fuffered, if I arrange your adminiftrations, and organife anew the Portuguese army. furnished with more than 200 pieces of artillery felt an eafy conqueit to an enemy of little more than half the number of its garrifon, notwithstanding the people and their defenders were loyal and brave, because that enemy had been able to produce, under the appearance of patriotifm, difunion, and finalgeneral infubordination, the confequences of which must ever be molt ruinous. The "There are among you citizens whofe in tentions have ever been pure, and who ought now to exercife their influence to promote the re-establishment of good order. They may be affured their fervices will be well re ceived, and that the most invitious protects therefore, hurts tad the army wait tion will be afforded them, whatever their fituation, whether in the Army, the State, or the Church "Reflect, Portuguefe, on your fituation "And confider wel thefe generous offers, while it is time but let your fubmiflion be prompt and fincere, if you wish to axoid the evils from which I would fave you. perceive that we ought always to distrust thofe who have been with the French or their partifans, and whatever reports they may prepagate The enemy is in poffeffion of Oporto, fo he was of Chaves; but this place he has loft again, with more than 1,500 men, including prioners and killed. Brigadier General Francifco da Silveira informs me that he has taken 12 pieces of artillery, a great quan And your country hall be made to fhine with a new fplendour. (Signed) "THE MARSHAL, DUKE OF DALMATIA."tity of arms and ammunition, and 80 horfes General HILL arrived at Lisbon on the 4th, with 5,000 infantry, and 400 cavalry from Ireland. SIR ARTHUR WELLESLEY is daily expected with three times the number. General orders. It is with great pleature the Marshal gives this public teftimony of his great approbation of his conduct of Brigadier Gene Silveira, which he will with equal fatisfaction lay before his royal highnels the prince regenta AMERICA. The Marthal cannot fufficiently warn the people and the troops against thole, who, "Soldiers, the Marshal, commander in affuming the appearance of patrietim, are in chief, communicates to you the events which reality leader of fedition, nor can he fuffihave taken place in the north ; he will com-ciently recommend union and confidence; municate to you both thofe which are fa-fer every thing may be hoped from the fenvourable and thofe which are adverfe to the timents of loyalty, valour, and enthufiafm, arms of the country, convinced that the which animate the nation in defence of the greater the exertions and fervices which are country. MARSHAL BERESFORD." required may be, the greater will be the Head quarters, Calbariz, April 2, 1809. ardour and enthufiafm of the army; and that it will difplay a valour not only equal to M Madison's inaugural Speech. the exigencies of the crifis, but worthy of the "Unwilling to depart from examples of the Portuguese troops. The Marthal informs most reverend authority, I avail myself of the the people, that the enemy having poffel-occasion now presented, to express the profed himself of Braga, advanced flowly and found impression made on me by the call of cautiously against the city of Oporto, meeting my country to the station, to the duties of with but little refillance, as the infubordina-which I am about to pledge myself, by the tion of the people rendered ufelefs their own most solemn of sanctions. So distinguished a valour and the efforts of their officers to re-mark of confidence proceeding from the delitard or prevent their advance. On the 26th, berate and tranquil suffrage of a free and virthe enemy arrived in the vicinity of Oporto.tuous nation, would, under any circumOn the 27th, they made fome warm attacks, which were repulfed by the intrepidity our troops. They continued their attacks on the following day with the fame fuccefs; but on the 29th, the diftruft which had arifen between the people and the army caufing and increafing anarchy and confusion, rendered ineffectual all the endeavours of the officers, as well Portuguese as English, to direct the operations of the great force which was in this city, and the enemy entered with little lofs. Much as the Marthal regrets the lots of that important city, he feels Aill more the alarming caufe to which it is to be attributed. Let it be a warning to the reit of the kingdom to avoid the fatal confequences of anarchy and infubordination. The great city of Oporto, defended by 24,000 munn with trenches and redoubts, 2 stances, have commanded my gratitude and devotion, as well as filled nie with an awful seuse of the trust to be assumed. Under the various circumstances which give peculiar solemility to the existing period, I feel that both the honour and the responsibility allotted to me are inexpressibly enhanced. The present situation of the world is indeed without a parallels and that of our country full of difficulties. The pressure of these, too, is the more severely felt, because they have fallen upon us at a moment when national prosperity being at a height not be fore attained, the contrast resulting from this change has been rendered the more striking Under the benign influence of our republican institutions, and the maintenance of peace with all nations, whilst so many of them were engaged in bloody and wasteful wars, the fruits fruits of a just policy were enjoyed in an unrivalled growth of our faculties and resources. Proofs of this were seen in the improvements of agriculture; in the successful enterprise of commerce; in the progress of manufactures and useful arts in the increase of the public revenues, and the use made of it in reducing the public debt; and in the valuable works and establishments every where multiplying over the face of our land. which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations, as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people, as equally incorporated with, and essential to, the success of the general system; to avoid the slightest interference with the right of conscience, or the functions of religion so wisely exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve to their full energy the other salutary provisions in behalf "It is a precious reflection that the transi- of private and personal rights, and of the freetion from this prosperous condition of our dom of the press; to observe economy in pebcountry, to the scene which has for some time lic expenditures; to liberate the public rebeen distressing us, is not chargeable on any sources by an honourable discharge of the pubwarrantable views, nor as I trust on anylic debts; to keep within the requisite limits? involuntary errors in the public councils. In-a standing military force, always remembering dulging no passions which trespass on the rights or the repose of other nations, it has been the true glory of the United States to cultivate peace by observing justice,, and to entitle themselves to the respect of the nations at war, by fulfilling their neutral obligations with the most scrupulous impartiality. that an armed and treated militia is the finest bulwark of republics, that without standing armies their liberty can never be in danger; nor with large ones safe; to promote, by authorised means, improvements, friendly to agriculture, and to external as well as inter(nal commerce; to favour, ja like manner, the "If there be candour in the world, the advancement of science and the diffusion of truth of these assertions will not be ques-information, as the best, aliment to true li tioned. Posterity at least will do justice to them. "This unexceptionable course could not avail against the injustice and violence of the Belligerent powers. In their rage against each other, or impelled by more direct motives, principles of retaliation have been introduced equally contrary to universal reason and acknowledged law. How long their arbitrary edicts will be continued in spite of the demonstrations, that not even a pretext for them has been given by the United, States, and of the fair and liberal attempts to induce a revocation of them, cannot be anticipated. berty; to carry on the benevolent plans which have been so meritoriously applied to the conversion of our aboriginal neighbours, from the degradation and wretchedness of savage life, to a participation of the improvements of which the human mind and manners are susceptible in a civilized state. As far as sentiments and intentions such as these can aid the fulfilment of my duty, they will be a resource which cannot fail me. Of "It is my good fortune, moreover, to have the path in which I am to tread, lighted by examples of illustrious services, successfully rendered in the most trying difficulties by "Assuring myself that, under every vicis- those who have marched before me. situde, the determined spirit and united coun- those of my immediate predecessor, it might cils of the nation will be safeguards to its ho- least become me here to speak. I may, how nour and its essential interests, I repair to the ever, be pardoned for not suppressing the sym post assigned me, with no other discourage-pathy, with which my heart is full, in the ment than what springs from my own inadequacy to its high duties. If I do not sink under the weight of this deep conviction, it is because I find some support in a consciousness of the purposes, and a confidence in the prin-1 ciples which I bring with me into this arduous service. "To cherish peace and friendly intercourse with all nations, having correspondent disposions; to maintain sincere neutrality towards belligerent nations; to prefer in all cases amicable discussions and reasonable accommodation of differences, to a decision of them by an appeal to arms; to exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities so degrading to all countries, and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of independence, too just to invade the rights of others; too proud to surrender their own; too liberal to indulge unwor thy prejudices ourselves, and too elevated not to look upon them in others; to hold the nation of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the constitution, reward he enjoys in the benedictions of a be loved country, gratefully bestowed for exalted talents, zealously devoted, through a long career, to the advancement of its highest interest and happiness. "But the source to which I look for the aid, which alone can supply- my deficiencies, is in the well-tried intelligence and virtue of my fellow-citizens and in the counsels of those representing them in the other departments associated in the care of the national interest. In these my confidence will, under every dif ficulty, be best placed; next to that which we have all been encouraged to feel in the guardianship and guidance of that Almighty Being, whose power regulates the destiny of nations-whose blessings have been so conspi cuously displayed to this rising republic; and to whom we are bound to address our devout gratitude for the past, as well as our fervent supplications and best hopes for the future," Washington, March 4, 1809, GREAT GREAT BRITAIN. The following letter from LieutenantGeneral Sir John Moore, to Viscount Castlereagh, dated Corunna, Jan. 13, 1809, three days before the death of the general will tend to explain better than has yet been done, the causes of the unfortunate termination of that campaign. "Situated as this army is at present, it is Impossible for me to detail to your Lordship the events which have taken place, since I had the honour to address you from Astorga, on the 31st of December: I have therefore de termined to send to England, Brigadier-General Charles Stewart, as the Officer best quali fied to give you every information you can want, both with respect to our actual situation, and the events which have led to it Your Lordship knows, that had I followed my own opinon, as a military man, I should have retired with the army from Salamanca, The Spanish armies were then beaten, there was no Spanish force to which we could unite, and I was satisfied that no efforts would be made to aid us, or to favour the cause in which they were engaged. "I was sensible, however, that the apathy and indifference of the Spaniards would never have been believed; that had the British been withdrawn, the loss of the cause would have been imputed to their retreat, and it was ne cessary to risk this army to convince the people of England, as well as the rest of Europe, that the Spaniards had neither the power nor the inclination to make any efforts for themselves. It was for this reason that I made the march to Sahagun. As a diversion, it succeeded; I brought the whole disposable force of the French against this army, and it had been allowed to follow me, without a single movement being made to favour my rétreat.The people of the Gallicias, though armed, made no attempt to stop the passage of the French through their mountains. They abandoned their dwellings at our approach, drove away their carts, oxen, and every thing that could be of the smallest aid to the army. The consequence has been, that our sick have been left behind; and when our horses or mules failed, which, on such marches, and through such a country, was the case to a great extent, baggage, ammunition, stores, &c. and even money, were necessarily destroyed or abandoned. I am sorry to say, that the army, whose conduct I had such reason to extol on its march through Portugal, and on its arrival in Spain, has totally changed its character since it be gan to retreat. I can say nothing in its favour, but that when there was a prospect of fighting the enemy, the men were then orderly, and seemed pleased and determined to do their duty. In front of Villa Franca, the French came up with the reserve, with MONTHLY Mag. No. 184, which I was covering the retreat of the army; they attacked it at Calcabelos. I retired, covered by the 95th regiment, and marched that night to Herresias, and from thence to Nogales divisions which preceded, to halt and collect, and Lugo, where I had ordered the different At Lugo, the French again came up with us. They attacked our advanced posts on the 6th and 7th, and were repulsed in both attempts, with tittle loss on our side. I beard from the prisoners taken, that three divisions of the French army were come up, commanded by Marshal Soult; I therefore expected to be attacked on the morning of the 8th. It was my wish to come to that issue; I had perfect confidence in the valour of the troops, and it was only by crippling the enemy that we could hope either to retreat or to embark un molested. I made every preparation to receive the attack, and drew out the army in the morning to offer battle. This was not Marshal Soulc's object. He either did not think himself suthiciently strong, or he wished to play a surer game, by attacking us on our march, or due ring our embarkation. The country was intersected, and his position too strong for me to attack with an interior force. The want of provisions would not enable me to wait longer. I marched that night; and in two forced marches, oivouacing for six or eight hours in the rain, I reached Betanzos on the 10th in stant. "At Lugo, I was sensible of the imposibility of teaching Vigo, which was at too great a distance, and offered no advantages to embark in the face of an enemy. My intention was then to have retreated to the peninsula of Be tanzos, where I hoped to find a position to cover the embarkation of the army in Ares of Redes Bayes; but having sent an officer to reconnoitre it, by his report I was determined to prefer this place. I gave notice to the Admi ral of my intention, and begged that the trans ports might be brought to Corunna: had found them here on my arrival on the 11th, the embarkation would easily have been effected, for I had gained several marches on the French. They have now come up with us, the transports have not arrived; my position in front of this place is a very bad one; and this place, if 1 are forced to retire into it, is commanded within musket shot, and the harbour will be so commanded by cannon on the coast, that no ship will be able to lay in it, In short, my Lord, General Stewart will inform you how critical our situation is. It has been recommended to me to make a proposal co the enemy, to induce him to allow us to em bark quietly, in which case he gets us out of the country soon, and this place, with its stores, &c. complete; that otherwise we have the power to make a long defence, which must cause the destruction of the town. I am averse to make any such proposal, and am exceedingly doubtful if it would be attended 3F F with with any good effect; but whatever I resolve on this head, I hope your Lordship will rest, assured, thar I shall accept no terms that are in the least dishonourable to the army or to the country." Captain Preedy, Aide-de-Camp to Lieutenant-General Beckwith, Commander of his Majesty's troops in the 'Leeward Islands, in Downing-street, on the 12th of April, with dispatches from the Lieutenant-General, to Lord Viscount Castlereagh, one of his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, of which the following are copies : Head-quarters, Martinique, Feb. 28. MY LORD-In my letter of the 15th instant, I had the honour to transmit to your lordship the details of our operations to the 11th preceding; from that period until the 19th we were incessantly employed in the construction of gun and mortar batteries, and in landing cannon, mortars, and howitzers, with their ammunition and stores, in dragging them to the several points selected by the engineers, and in the completion of the works, and in mounting the ordnance. The exertions of Commodore Cockburn, and other naval officers under his orders upon the right, and of Captains Barton and Nesham, of the navy, upon the left, in forwarding these services, were most conspicuous. The enemy during the interval fired upon our encamp ments with shot and shells, but fortunately with little effect, and his piquets, when pressed, constantly fell back under the protection of his works. On the 19th at half past four in the afternoon, we opened from six points upon the enemy's fortress, with fourteen pieces of heavy cannon, and twenty-eight mortars and howitzers, and the cannonade and bombardaient continued with little remission until noon of the 23d, when the French general sent a trumpeter with a letter to our advanced posts, near the Bouillé Redoubt, in the front of attack. In this communication General Villaret proposed, as the basis of negociation, that the French troops should be sent to France free from all restriction as to future service; but this being admissible, the bombardment recommenced at ten at night, and continued without intermission until nine o'clock of the 24th, when three white flags were discovered flying in the fortress, in consequence of which, our fire from the batteries immediately ceased. It is with the most heartfelt satisfaction I have now the honour to report to your Lordship, for his Majesty's information, that, supported by the talents of the general officers, and in particular of Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost, and of Major-General Maitland, the experience and zeal of all the other officers, and the valour and unremitting labour of this army, strengthened by the in defatigable exertions of Rear-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane and the squadron, the campaign, notwithstanding incessant rains, has been brought to a glorious conclusion in the short space of twenty seven days from our departure from Barbadoes. The command of such an army will consti stitute the pride of my future life. To these brave troops, conducted by generals of expe rience, and not to me, their king and country owe the sovereignty of this important colony; and I trust that, by a comparison of the force which defended it, and the time in which it has fallen, the present reduction of Martinique will not be deemed eclipsed by any former expedition. I have the honour to inclose the articles of capitulation, as originally produced by the French commissioners, in consequence of General Villaret's application to me for this purpose, during the forenoon of the 24th, and acceded to by Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost, Major-General Maitland, and Commodore Cockburn, appointed by the rear-admiral and myself to meet them. This capitulation, which was mutually ratified the same night, will, I trust, be honoured with his Majesty's approbation. By the next conveyance, I shall have the honour to submit to your Lordship's consideration the various details which are now refer red to in general terms, and to report the merits of the several corps; but the science of the officers of the royal artillery has been too conspicuous not to be particularly noticed, the interior of the enemy's fortress being torn to pieces by shells: his works have also been much injured by shot from the gun-batteries, manned by the seamen under the direction of Commodore Cockburn, and other naval officers. After the embarkation ofthe French troops, I shall have the honour to command the eagles taken from the enemy to be laid at the king's feet. Captain Preedy, of the 90th regiment, one of my aides-de-camp, has the honour to be the bearer of this dispatch: he is an officer of service, and I beg leave to recommend him to his Majesty's favour, and to your Lordship's protection. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) G. BECKWITH, Com. Forces. Sir Harry Neale, bart, first captain to Admiral Lord Gambier, commander in chief of his Majesty's ships and vessels employed in the Channel Soundings, &c. arrived at the Admiralty-office, on the 21st of April, with a dispatch from his lordship to the Honourable William Wellesley Pole,of which the following is a copy: Caledonia, in Basque Roads, April 14. SIR-The Almighty's favour to his Majesty and the nation has been strongly marked in the success he has been pleased to give to the |