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a light fandy loam, of about a foot deep on a ftratum of clay. The land then rifes by broken ridges, for a few miles, into a third plain of thirty or forty miles in extent, whofe foil is loam, with a mixture of gravel. commence the mountainous tracts, which gradually rife for one hundred and fifty miles further.

549.

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Climate. The ftate of South-Carolina occupies a region, where winter is fcarcely known. Froft and fnow appear occafionally, but are of fhort duration. The fummers, in the flat country, are very inconveniently fultry. Near the marshy borders of the rivers and inlets, the air is humid, unelaftic, and unhealthy; the human body is exhaufted with heat and perfpiration, especially during the night. The musketoes also are so vexatious, as to make it neceffary to fleep under pavilions. The interior country enjoys a fine temperate falubrious air in fummer, and the winter feafon is every where delightful.

550. Productions. This ftate produces almost all the kinds of grain, fruits and plants which are found in the United States. The staple productions are cotton and rice. The cotton of the iflands near the fhore is of a fine long ftaple, and of the first quality. Wheat and maiz are produced in great abundance, with the inferior kinds of grain. Indigo is alfo cultivated to advantage. The apple does not thrive in this and other fouthern climates; but the tropical fruits, oranges, lemons, figs, and others, together with the finest melons and peaches, are the produce of this state.

551. Divifion of the State. South Carolina is divided into twenty-three diftrics, or precincts. Some of thefe are divided into counties or parishes. Charlefton, Georgetown and Beaufort diftri&ts are fituated on the fea coaft, in what is called the lower country. Thefe contain nineteen parishes. The other districts are in the interior country.

552. Chief Towns. Charleston, the largest town in South-Carolina, is fituated on a point of land at the junction of the rivers, Cooper and Afhley, which unite and

form a fpacious harbor in front of the town. The land rifes but a little above high water, and has more than once been overflowed by the water, when impelled into the harbor by a violent eaft wind. It is more healthy than the low country in its neighborhood, and on that account the planters often leave their eftates and reside in the town in fummer.

553. Buildings and Inhabitants. The city of Charlefton is well built, but its streets, except one, are narrow. They are in general regular, and have fubterraneous drains. The houfes are generally of brick, and many of them elegant. The public buildings are, an exchange, a state-house, a bank, an armory, an alms-house, an orphan's houfe, and the churches, which are twelve in number. The inhabitants in 1791, were fixteen thousand, almoft one half blacks. In the year 1800, the number of free whites was eight thoufand eight hundred and twenty --that of the flaves, nine thoufand and fifty-whichr numbers, with the free blacks, made an aggregate of almoft eighteen thousand inhabitants. In this city are two banks, befides a branch of the bank of the United States.

554. Other Towns. On Winyaw bay, fixty miles northeafterly of Charleston is Georgetown, containing three or four hundred houses, and a place of fome trade. Beaufort, on Port Royal Island, about forty miles fouth-weft of Charleston, is a small but pleasant town. Columbia, the feat of government, but a fmall town, about one hundred and fifteen miles north-wefterly of Charleston, is on the Congaree, juft below the junction of the Broad and SaluTo thefe may be added Camden, Cambridge, Purryfburg, and fome others; but the inhabitants refide chiefly on plantations.

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555. Inhabitants of the State. South Carolina was at first fettled by English people; but it received confiderable acceffions, from Germany, Switzerland, Ireland, and Scotland; and was not a little aided in population by French proteftants, who fled from perfecution, near the clofe of the feventeenth century. In 1700, the colony did

not contain more than fix thousand white inhabitants; in 1755, forty thousand whites, and double the number of blacks; in 1790, one hundred and forty-two thousand whites, and one hundred and feven thoufand blacks; in 1800, nearly two hundred thousand whites, and a hundred and forty-fix thoufand blacks.

556. Manufactures. The value of the chief commodities of South-Carolina is fuch, that the planters find more profit in exporting them, and importing their cloths and furniture than in manufactures. In the interior country however, fome cotton and woolen cloths are made in families for their own ufe, and this branch of bufinefs is growing. Near the Catawba is a rich vein of iron ore, and furnaces and forges are erected for feparating and working the metal, in feveral of the interior districts, as in York, Spartanburg, Grenville and Pendleton.

557. Commerce. The chief articles of export are cotton, rice, indigo, tobacco, deer skins, turpentine, tar, pitch, rofin, myrtle wax and lumber, with various inferior commodities. The cotton is exported to Great-Britain-the tobacco mostly to France. The amount of exports in 1800, was upwards of ten millions and a half of dollars. The principal feat of commerce, is Charleston.

558. Seminaries of Learning. Gentlemen of property have been accustomed to fend their fons and danghters to England for an education. Some of them fend their

fons to one of the colleges in the northern states. There are feveral inftitutions in the ftate, called colleges and academies--a college in Charleston: one at Winnfborough, in Camden diftri&t, one at Cambridge, and one at Beaufort, with confiderable funds. There are feveral acadeinies and schools in Charleston, Beaufort, and other parts of the ftate. The South-Carolina College, was incorporated in 1801, with an appropriation of fifty thou fand dollars for erecting buildings in Columbia, and fix thousand dollars yearly to maintain inftructors.

Religious Denominations. The religious perfuafions are the fame as in other ftates-prefbyterians, epif

copalians, baptifts, methodifts and others of lefs confideration. The free exercife of religious worship is guaranteed to all perfuafions, without diftinction; and no minifter of the gofpel, during the exercife of his pastoral functions is eligible to the office of governor, or to a seat in either house of the general affembly.

560. Government. By the conftitution, eftablifhed June 3, 1790, the legislature confifts of two houses, a fenate and a houfe of reprefentatives, called the general affembly. The fenate is elected for four years, and the houfe of reprefentatives for two. One half the fenate is changed by rotation, every fecond year. For the pur. pofes of electing members of both houfes, the ftate is divided into convenient districts, and elections are by ballot.

561. Qualifications of Senators. To be eligible to a feat in the fenate, a perfon must be a free white male, thirty years of age, a citizen or refident in the ftate five years; and if a refident in the diftrict, where elected, he must poffefs an unincumbered freehold eftate of the value of thirteen hundred and thirty three dollars and a third-if a non-refident, he muft poffefs a clear frechold eftate in the district, of four thoufand four hundred and forty-four dollars and forty-four cents.

562. Qualifications of a Reprefentative. To qualify a perfon for a feat in the houfe of reprefentatives, he muft be a free white male, of legal age, a citizen and refident in the ftate for three years. If a refident in the district, he muft poffefs a freehold of five hundred acres of land and ten negroes, or of the value of fix hundred fixty-fix dollars and two thirds, free of debt. If a non-refident, he must own a freehold eftate of the clear value of twentytwo hundred twenty-two dollars and twenty-two cents.

563. Qualifications of the Electors. To be a qualified elector, a man must be of age, a citizen of the state, and a refident for two years-he must have a freehold of fifty acres of land, or a town lot, of which he has been feized for fix months before the election, or if he has no fuch eftate, he must have refided in the diftrict fix months, and

paid a tax of two thirds of a dollar towards the fupport of government.

564. Executive. The governor is chofen by the joint ballot of the two houses of the Legislature, and continues in office for two years, and until another is chofen. He must be thirty years of age, and a refident and citizen of the ftate for ten years preceding his election. He must alfo poffefs a fettled eftate of the value of fix thoufand fix hundred fixty-fix dollars and two thirds. Having ferved for two years, he cannot be again elected, until the end of four years. A lieutenant governor is also chofen, with the fame qualifications,

565. Judiciary. The judges of the fuperior courts, commiffioners of the treafury, fecretary of state, and furveyor general are elected by the joint ballot of the two houfes of the legislature-The judges hold their offices during good behavior. All officers are commiffioned by the governor.

566. Militia. The militia of the ftate confits of two divifions, nine brigades, forty-fix regiments, and twenty-eight thousand infantry; and a body of cavalry, artillery and riflemen.

GEORGIA.

567. Situation of Georgia Georgia lies between the middle of the thirty-firft degree of north latitude, and the beginning of the thirty-fixth; and it extends from the eightieth degree of weft longitude to the middle of the eighty-fifth.

568. Bounds. Georgia has the Savanna on the north, the Atlantic on the east, the St. Mary and the boundary line of the United States on the fouth, adjacent to Florida; and on the weft, the Apalachicola or Chatahoochy.

569. Extent. Georgia has about one hundred miles. of fea coaft, but fpreads like a fan towards the western boundary. Its furface, if regular would form a figure of two hundred miles north and fouth, by two hundred and

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