office no more than nine years in twelve. A plurality of votes decides the choice. The governor must be thirty years of age, and must have been a citizen and inhabitant of the ftate for seven years, next before his elec tion. He appoints the judges, juftices of the peace, and most other officers. But Sheriffs are chosen by the freemen, and can hold their offices only three years in fix, 455. Judiciary. The judicial power is vefted in a fupreme court, whofe jurifdiction extends over the whole Rate, and several fubordinate courts, whofe power is li mited to counties or diftricts. The judges hold their offices during good behavior, but may be removed by the governor on the addrefs of two thirds of the legislature. 456. Religion of the State. The principal denominations are friends or quakers, prefbyterians, epifcopalians, and catholics; but there are many other persuasions. All denominations enjoy their principles, and worship. without control or diftinction, and no perfon believing in a God and a future ftate of rewards and punishments, is difqualified for civil offices. DELAWARE. The ftate of 457. Situation and Extent of Delaware. Delaware lies on the weft fide of the river and bay of the fame name, in the thirty-ninth and fortieth degrees. of latitude, and in the feventy-fixth degree of west longitude. It is about ninety miles in length, and on an average, may be twenty-four in bredth. It may therefore contain about one million three hundred and eighty thousand acres. 458. Bounds and Name. The ftate is bounded on the. east, by the river, the bay and the ocean; on the fouth and weft, by Maryland, and on the north, by Pennsylva-. nia. It is named after lord Delawar, one of the chief agents in the fetclement of Virginia. 459. Face of the Country. The northern part of the ftate is hilly; but the principal part is almoft perfectly level. Being on a narrow peninsula, between the Dela~ ware and Chefopeak, it has no large rivers; but it is interfected with many fmall rivers, creeks and inlets. The principal rivers are the Brandywine, memerable for the battle of September 11, 1777, and the Chriftiana, which unite, and fall into the Delaware, below Wilmington. 460. Counties and Towns. This ftate is divided into three counties--Newcastle on the north-Kent in the middle, and Suffex on the fouth; and into twenty-four districts, called hundreds. The chief town is Wilmington, a handfome town, on an elevation between the Brandywine and Chriftiana creeks, two miles from the Delaware and twenty-eight from Philadelphia. It is laid out and built with regularity, on the north fide of the Chriftiana, which admits veffels of fourteen feet draft to the town. It is a place of trade and manufactures, and has a bank, called the bank of Delaware. 461. Newcastle and Dover. Newcastle is a small town, five miles below Wilmington, on the Delaware. It is the oldest town on that river; being built by the Swedes about the year 1627. Dover is a small town on the fouth fide of Jone's. creek, four miles from the Delaware and forty-eight miles below Wilmington. It contains about a hundred houses,. and in the midst of the town, a fpacious fquare or green. It is the feat of government, and has an elegant courthoufe on the eaft fide of the fquare.. 462. Inhabitants. The first fettlements, within the limits of Delaware, were made by the Swedes, and their defcendants still remain in that state and in Pennsylva-nia. But the principal part of the inhabitants are of Britifh origin. The number in 1790, was fifty-nine thousand -In 1800, fixty-four thousand two hundred and seventy,, of which fix thousand one hundred and fifty were flaves. 463. Soil and Productions. The northern parts of De laware confift of a ftrong clay; the fouthern part, of fand.. The foil is fruitful in all the kinds of grain, roots and plants, which are found in the fame latitudes, in other ftates or countries; but the ftaple commodity is wheat.. 464. ManufaЯures. The principal manufacture is that of flour. The mills on the Brandy wine, near Wilmington, are twelve in number, and among the most ingenious and complete that are found in this country. On the fame and other rivers, are mills for various other purposes-paper, fnuff, nail rods, wool cards, bolting cloths, and various other articles, are manufactured in and near Wilmington. 465. Commerce. This ftate altho in the vicinity of the large city, Philadelphia, carries on no small foreign trade. Its exports in 1800, amounted to more than four hundred and eighteen thousand dollars. Befides wheat and other grain, lumber and various articles of manufacture are exported to foreign countries, and to the neighboring ftates. 466. Schools. There are private fchools in this state, and especially in Wilmington. In 1796, the legislature paffed an act for creating a fund for the fupport of public fchools. There is no college in the state, but an academy at Newark, a few miles from Wilmington.. 467. Religious Perfuafions. In Delaware are many Chriftian denominations; but the principal are the prefbyterians, epifcopalians, quakers and baptifts. There is a Swedish church at Wilmington, and one of the oldest in this country. No preference is allowed by law, to any particular church; but every man, chofen to an office, is required, before entering on its duties, to fubfcribe a declaration of his belief in the Trinity, and in the divine inspiration of the fcriptures. No clergyman can hold a civil office or be a member of the legislature. 468. Government. By the conftitution, adopted in 1790, the legislature confifts of two branches, called the general affembly. The houfe of affembly confifts of twenty-one members, chofen annually, feven from each county. The fenate is compofed of nine members, three from each county, elected for three years; one third renewed every year. 469. Qualifications. To be eligible to the fenate, a man muft be twenty-feven years of age-poffefs two hundred acres of land, or real and perfonal estate to the value of two thousand fix hundred and fixty-fix dollars and two thirds. The reprefentatives must be twenty-four years old, and poffefs a freehold eftate. Both must have been three years refident in the Rate. Two years refidence and the payment of a tax affeffed fix months before the election, qualify a man to be an elector. 470. Executive. The executive authority is vested in a governor, who is chofen for three years, and who can hold that office only three years in fix. He has no council, and makes most of the appointments. He must be thirty years of age, must have been fix years a citizen of the ftate, and twelve years a citizen of the United States. 471. Judges. Judges of the courts are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices during good behavior. They are removable by impeachment, if two thirds of the houfe of reprefentatives concur; and the governor may difplace them, on the addrefs of two thirds of the members of both houfes. Their falaries cannot be diminished while in office. MARYLAND. 472. Situation of Maryland. Maryland lies in the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth degrees of latitude, and extends from feventy-five degrees eight minutes to feventy-ninedegrees thirty-eight minutes of weft longitude. 473. Bounds. Maryland has the Atlantic and the ftate of Delaware, on the eaft; on the fouth and weft, it is feparated from Virginia by the Potomac, and a line from the fouth fide of that river, at its entrance into the Chefopeak, due eaft to the Atlantic; on the north it is bounded by Pennsylvania. 474. Extent. The length of Maryland is about one hundred and thirty miles, and the bredth, one hundred and ten. Its furface may be about fourteen thousand fquare miles, containing almoft nine millions of acres ; but one fixth part is covered with water. 475. Face of the Country. The furface of this ftate is variegated with hills, plains, bays, and rivers. The Chefopeak penetrates almost the whole ftate from fouth to north. From this extend many smaller bays and creeks in various directions. On the east is a low plain to the Atlantic-on the weft, the country is generally level, except the counties at the north-western extremity of the ftate, which are diverfified with hilly and mountainous tracts. 476. Small Rivers. In addition to the Sufquehanna, which enters the Chefopeak in Maryland, on the west, the Petapfco, which has its fources in Pennsylvania, enters the Chefopeak, juft below Baltimore. The Patuxent proceeds from the northern part of the state and discharges into the fame bay, about fifteen miles north of the Potomac. This is navigable for fhips of burden about forty miles, and boatable twelve miles further. On the east are the Chefter, the Choptank, the Nanticoke and the Pocomoke, all confiderable rivers rifing within or near the ftate of Delaware, and running fouth-west into the Chefopeak. They all furnish navigable water for many miles. 477. Counties. Maryland contains nineteen counties befides the district of Columbia. On the peninfula, east of the bay, called the Eaftern Shore, are eight countiesCecil, Kent, Queen Anns, Caroline, Talbot, Somerfet, Dorchester, and Worcester. On the welt are eleven counties-Hartford, Baltimore, Ann Arundel, Frederic, Allegany, Washington, Montgomery, Prince George, Calvert, Charles, St. Mary's, 478. Inhabitants. The white inhabitants of Maryland are mostly defendants or emigrants from the British dominions, and a large part from Ireland. In 1790, the whites were two hundred and feventeen thoufand-the flaves, one hundred and three thoufand. In 1800, the number of the flaves was one hundred and feven thou |