ber. 335. Reprefentatives. The reprefentatives are seventy in number, and chofen by the freemen half yearly. The regular feffions of the General Assembly, are on the first Wednesday in May, and the last Wednesday in OctoThe affistants and representatives must be freemen. 336. Executive. The chief executive power is lodg✨ed in a governor, or, in his absence, in a deputy governor. Thefe officers are chofen by the freemen annually, and no qualification is requifite, except that they are freemen, and inhabitants of fome corporate town. 337. Courts and Officers. A court of common pleas fits twice a year in each county-the fupreme court fits alfo twice a year in each county, with jurifdiction over the whole ftate. The judges and officers of the ftate, are appointed annually by the General Assembly. 338. The fate of Religion. By the conftitution, all religious fects are equally protected, and none has any pre-eminence. Contracts with clergymen are not binding in law, unless in a fociety incorporated for the purpole. The principal denominations are baptifts, congregationalists, epifcopalians, and quakers. CONNECTICUT. 339. Name of Connecticut. Connecticut is the Indian name of the principal river that runs through the state, and fignifies the long river. The Dutch called this the Fresh river and both names are very expreffive of its remarkable characters. 340. Situation of Connecticut. The ftate of Connecticut lies in the forty-fecond degree of latitude, and between feventy-one degrees, twenty minutes and feventythree degrees, fifteen minutes of weft longitude." 341. Bounds. On the fouth Connecticut is washed by the waters of the found, between Long-Ifland and the main-the western limit is Byram river, and the border of New-York-the northern boundary is the fouthern line of Maffachusetts, and the eaftern, is the Paucatuc, and the western border of Rhode-lfland. L 342. Extent. The eastern line of Connecticut is about forty-five miles in length; the fouthern, about one hundred and ten-the western, about feventy-five-and the northern about feventy-two. It contains about four thou fand and fix hundred fquare miles, or two million, nine hundred and forty four thousand acres. 343. Face of the State. From the Connecticut, which runs through the center of the state, the land rifes on each fide, into hills, but no very large mountains are within the limits of this ftate. The moft elevated land is a range of hills or fmall mountains, running north and fouth, through Litchfield county; being a continuation of the green mountains of Vermont. 344. Chief Rivers. In addition to the Connecticut and Houfatonuc,* which have been described, the Mohegan river forms the harbor of New-London, and is navigable fourteen miles to Norwich. This river is formed by a small stream, called Norwich river, and by the Shetucket and Quinebaug, which unite three miles above Norwich. The Shetucket arifes in the northern part of the ftate, in Union; and the Quinebaug, in Brimfield in Maffachusetts. Thefe ftreams are fhallow, on a ftony bottom and not boatable. 345. The Tunxis or Windfor River. The Tunxis has its fources in Branford in Berkfhire county. It enters Connecticut in Colebrook, and winding in a fouth-easterly direction, through New-Hartford to Farmington, is there joined by the Poquabuc, and turning northward, runs through Simsbury and enters the Connecticut in Windfor. It is not boatable, for any confiderable distance. 346. The Quinipaug and Naugatuc. The Quinipaug is a fmall, ftream running fouthward and entering the harbor of New-Haven, one mile eaft of the state-house. It adnits small craft to North-Haven Bridge eight miles, and forms an extenfive falt marfh. The Naugatuc rifes Abridge was erected, in 1803, over the Houfatonuc on the main poft road, between Milford and Stratford, of two hundred and thirty yards in length, but it was fwept away in February 1807. t in Litchfield county and unites with the Houfatonuc in Derby. 347. The bore of Connecticut. The fhore of this state is indented with numerous creeks and fmall bays, which form harbors for coasters, in every town upon the found. Eaft of the Connecticut, the land is rocky, but every where containing a fertile foil. It is no where steep, but rifes gradually into gentle hills, which prefent a rich prof pect from the found. 348. Ponds. In Salisbury, on the weft border of the ftate, are two ponds which furnifh mill feats. One of them near the center of the town, is three miles in circumference, fed by fprings, and furnishes a ftream for the ufe of the celebrated furnace in that place. In Winchelter are two ponds, one of them three niiles in length, which furnishes a perpetual stream for a forge and feveral mills. 349. The divifion of the State. Connecticut is divided into eight counties, and one hundred and fourteen townships.. In the center of the ftate are the counties of Hartford, New-Haven and Middlesex-on the weft, Fairfield and Litchfield-on the east New-London, Windham and Tol land. 350. Cities. In the year 1784, five cities were erected in Connecticut, comprehending the most populous and commercial parts of the towns of Hartford, New-Haven, New-London, Norwich, and Middletown. Thefe corporarions are vested with powers of government in local concerns. The mayor is chosen by the freemen, and holds his office, during the pleasure of the General Court. The aldermen, common council, clerk and sheriffs are annually elected. The city courts have the powers of the county courts. 351. Chief Towns. Hartford, on the weft bank of the Connecticut, forty miles from the sea, is a commercial, as well as agricultural town, and a feat of the government, where is held the annual election of civil officers in May. The township is fix miles in length, and five in bredth. It contains three congregational churches, one epifcopal; one baptift; and a small fociety of quakers. In 1790, the inhabitants were four thousand and ninety-in 1800, five thousand three hundred and fifty. It has a bank and an infurance company. 352. City of Hartford. The incorporated part of Hartford is nearly a mile and a half, in length, and a mile in bredth. It is penetrated by a ftream called Little or Mill river, which defcends from the hills fix miles weft of the city, and running for fome miles on a bottom of clay, is always difcoloured. This ftream has worn a channel into the foft red ftone, which forms a fubftratum under the city; over which channel is a bridge on the mainAtreet. This ftream furnishes a number of mill feats within the city and town. 353. Soil of Hartford. The western part of Hartford has a foil of red, gravelly earth very rich and productive. That part which is near the river is covered with a strong clay or a rich black mold. The latter is principally in the meadows adjacent to the river. The clay when manured from the ftable, yields crops of grafs, exceeding in quality and quantity, the production of any other foil. Six tons of the best hay have been taken from an acre at tvo mowings in a feafon; and five tons are not an unusual crop. 35. Hew-Haven. The township of New-Haven. lies on the fea-fhore, about feven miles from east to west; and extends inland from two to five miles. On the east, the limit of the town is the Quinipaug, which enters the bay, and forms the channel of the harbor. New Haven is a feat of government, and of Yale College; and a place of confiderable commerce. In 1790, the town contained nearly four thousand, five hundred inhabitants; In 1800, five thousand one hundred and fixty; of which four thousand and fifty were within the city. It contains three congregational churches and one epifcopal. 355. City of New-Haven. The city of New-Haven ftands at the head of a bay which forms a harbor, four miles in length, and more than one mile in bredth. It extends from the Quinipaug to West River, about two miles, and from the entrance of the harbor to the north line of the township more than five miles. Its harbor is safe and spacious; but the channel is narrow, and not deep. At the end of the wharf, which is two thoufand, four hundred feet in length, the water is about seven feet deep in common tides; and the channel at the dif tance of one fourth of a mile from the wharf, has no more than thirteen or fourteen feet, at high water. This city has a bank, a marine infurance company, and an incorporated fociety of mechanics. 356. Plan and Public Buildings. The city of NewHaven is laid out in fquares, on a plain; to the northwest and north-eaft of which are two steep cliffs, at the termination of two ridges of hills, which have a romantic appearance. In the center of the city, is a public fquare of fixty rods extent. Through the center, runs a line of public buildings, including the ftate-house, two churches and a school houfe, in front of which runs Temple-street, bordered with trees. To the weft of this fquare, and overlooking it, are the edifices of Yale College, confifling of three colleges, a chapel and a lyceum. The whole fquare, furrounded with handfome houfes, and planted with trees, prefents a delightful profpect. 357. New-London. New-London is fituated on the weft fide of the river Mohegan, about three miles from its entrance into the found. The harbor is one of the beft in the United States; it is fafe, fpacious, with deep water and an eafy entrance. The city ftands on high ground, and is healthful. It contains one epifcopal and one congregational church. From this port is carried on the principal trade of the eastern part of the ftate. Its inhabitants in 1800, were five thousand one hundred and fifty; but the town has fince been divided. In this city are two banks. 350. Norwich., Norwich is a pleafantly fituated town, at the head of navigation on the Mohegan river, fourteen miles north of New-London. It contains three |