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hundred and thirty-three dollars, and one third, or any rateable eftate to double that amount.

310. Executive. The power of executing the laws, is lodged in a governor, who is chofen annually on the first Monday in April. His qualifications are seven years inhabitancy in the ftate, a freehold of the value of three thousand, three hundred, thirty-three dollars and a third, and profeffion of the Christian religion. If no perfon has a majority of votes, the houfe of reprefentatives by ballot elect two out of the four perfons having the most votes, and one of the two is by ballot elected by the fenate to be governor.

111. Lieutenant Governor. A lieutenant-governor is elected on the fame day as the governor, and his qualifi cations must be the fame. In cafe no choice is made by the citizens, the election is made by the two houses, as

in cafe of the governor. The lieutenant governor fupplies the place of governor when vacant by death, or absence, and is a member of the council.

312. Council. To advise the governor in the execu-tive part of government, a council is inftituted, confisting of nine perfons, befides the lieutenant-governor. Thefe are chofen annually by the joint ballot of both houses of the general court, from among the perfons returned for councillors and fenators, or in cafe the number cannot be completed from among them, the election is made from the people at large; but not more than two can be chosen from one district.

313. Officers of Government and Judiciary. The fecretary, treasurer, and notaries public, are chofen by the joint ballot of the two houses. The judges of courts, juftices of the peace, attorney-general, fheriffs, coroners, and registers of probate are nominated by the governor and appointed by and with the advice and confent of the council. Judicial officers hold their places during good behavior, except juftices of the peace, who remain in office feven years only under one commiffion, but may be re-appointed.

314. Militia. The militia of the ftate confifts of all able bodied men between fixteen and forty years of age, befides the alarm lift, compofed of men between forty and fixty. Thefe are organized into ten divifions, twentytwo brigades, and eighty-three regiments; befides fortyeight troops of horfe and thirty-fix companies of artillery-compofing a body of about fixty thousand men.

315. Military Officers. Captains and fubalterns are chofen by the foldiers of the company-regimental field officers are chofen by the captains and fubalterns of the regiment-brigadiers, by the field officers of the brigade-. major-generals are appointed by the general court, and commiffioned by the governor.

316. Religion of the State. The congregationalifts are the most numerous denomination of Chriftians; but there are many churches of other perfuafions. All denominations are protected by law, and the establishment of any one in particular is forbid by the conftitution; but it is made the duty of the legislature, to require the people to make provifion for the inftitution of public worfhip.

RHODE-ISLAND..

317. Situation of Rhode-Island. The ftate of Rhode. Ifland is fituated in the forty-fecond degree of latitude, and the feventy-first degree of weft longitude. It is enclofed between Massachusetts on the eaft and north, and Connecticut on the west, with the Atlantic on the fouth.

318. Extent. This ftate is about forty-five miles in length and thirty in bredth, on an average; containing about thirteen hundred and fifty fquare miles. This area contains eight hundred and fixty-four thoufand acres ; but a large portion of it is covered with water.

319. Face of the State. Rhode-lfland contains no mountains; but the northern and western parts are hilly and ftony. The ftate is penetrated by the river or bay, called Narraganfet, which is thirty miles in length, embofoming a number of islands, and extending fafe naviga-. tion for large fhips to Providence..

120. Rivers. In addition to the Narraganfet, this fta enjoys the benefit of the Patucket, which furnishes an excellent feat for mills, four miles north-east of Providence, and falls into the Nariaganfet, a little below the town. The river which enters the Narraganset at Providence, is called Providence river, and is formed by feveral small branches. A more confiderable river, called Pawtuxet, formed by several streams in the western part of the state, unites with the Narraganfet, about four miles below Providence.

321. Ilands. On the eaft fide of the Narraganset lies Rhode-liland, which gives name to the state. It extends about fourteen miles in length from fouth-west to north-east, and is three miles in bredth. West of this, lies Conannicut, a narrow island of seven miles in length. To the north lies Prudence, of less magnitude. These are the largest islands, and they are all fertile. To the fouth-west of thefe and in the open fea, is Block-Mland, about ten miles long and four broad-diftant from Newport twenty-one miles.

322.

Climate and Soil.

Rhode-Ifland has a climate

as temperate and healthful, as any part of New-England; altho the fea coaft is, in the spring, subject to fogs. The north-western towns are ftony and barren, but the islands, and the towns bordering on the bay and the sea, are unusually fertile, producing all the roots, fruits and grain, common to the climate.

323. Counties and Towns. This ftate is divided into five counties-Newport on the fouth, Providence on the north, Washington and Kent on the weft, and Bristol in the center, on the eaft of the bay. These are subdivided into thirty townships of a convenient fize.

324. Population. The number of inhabitants in 1730, was a little short of eighteen thousand--of which fifteen thoufand three hundred were whites. In 1785 they amounted to almost fifty-two thousand. In 1790, the number was nearly fixty-nine thousand. In 1800, fixtynine thousand one hundred and twenty.

325. Chief Towns. Providence, at the head of navigation, is the principal feat of commerce, and the fhire town of the county of that name. It contained in 1790 fix thoufand and four hundred inhabitants--and in 1800, feven thoufand, fix hundred. It stands on both fides of Providence river connected by a bridge of one hundred and fixty feet in length. The principal part of the town, and that first fettled, ftands on the declivity of a steep hill, facing the weft. In this town are two banks and two

infurance companies.

326. Public Buildings. The baptift church is a large edifice, eighty feet fquare, with a steeple of unusual elegance. The new congregational church is remarkably elegant. The court-houfe. and the college are handfome. Thefe, with feveral other public buildings, and a number of molt elegant private manfions, ftanding on the hill, are exhibited to uncommon advantage, to a fpectator on the weft fide of the river.

wood.

327. Newport. On the west end of Rhode Island stands Newport, on a gentle declivity facing the weft. It contained in 1800 fix thoufand feven hundred and forty inhabitants. The court-house and the churches, with a number of handsome private dwellings, fpread along the elevation of the ground, are feen to great advantage from the harbor. The main ftreet in the town is a mile in length and ftrait but narrow. The houses are mostly of In this town is a bank and infurance company. 328. Manufactures. The people of this ftate make a large proportion of coarse cloths for their own confumption, and fome linens for exportation. Great quantities of ftone-lime are made in Providence county for exportation. Some progrefs has been made in the manufacture of cottons. Still more valuable are the manufactures of bar and fheet iron, nail-rods, nails, hard-ware, anchors, cannon, fhot, and bells. The foundery at Scituate is dif

nguished for the fabrication of thefe articles.

329. Dairies. Block-Ifland, the towns on the Atlantic fhore and fome other parts, are celebrated for the

quantities and excellence of the cheese made and exported. The islands furnith rich pafturage for theep, of which great numbers are raised; and for cattle, which are numerous and large.

330. Exports. The principal articles of export are, beef, pork, horfes, cattle, lumber, flax-feed, fish, cheese, butter, lime, barley, fpirits, with India goods of various kinds. The amount of exports in 1800 was one million, three hundred and twenty-three thousand dollars.

331. Trade. Before the revolution, Newport carried on a great trade to Africa; but this was fufpended by the revolutionary war, and has been prohibited by the laws of the United States. The trade of the ftate is principally with the Eaft and Weft-Indies; but is not limited to any foreign country. The merchants of Providence carry on a great trade with the Eaft-Indies.

332. State of Learning. There is a college at Provi dence, founded by the baptifts, containing forty-eight rooms for students, and eight rooms for public uses. It has a library of near three thoufand volumes-and an apparatus for experiments in philofophy. It is furnished with a prefident and fuitable inftructors for the students who are usually about fixty in number. In the large towns, and in fome others, there are private schools for teaching the common branches of learning.

333. Conftitution. By the charter granted to the col ony of Rhode-Ifland, in 1663, which has been recognized by the ftate as the basis of its government, the powers of legiflation are lodged in the General Affembly, confifting of two branches, the house of affiftants in which the governor prefides, with a fingle vote, and a house of reprefentatives.

334. Affilants. The affiftants are ten in number, and form the upper houfe or council. They are chofen yearly by the freemen. The qualification of freemen, is poffeffion of a freehold of the value of one hundred and thirty-three dollars and a third, or of an annual rent of the value of fix dollars and two thirds.

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