KENYON COLLEGE, Outo.-Bishop M'Ilvaine, on|dians and slaves are not citizens, and then comes and, on being told, will exclaim, "What! has the his return to his diocese, met the Convention thereof to the same conclusion in regard to free blacks. In Tortoise, or the Little Bear (as the father's name and delivered ar, address, from which we take the respect to the last, we wish that the sketch of the may be) so excellent a child?" If a child is seen charge had been a little more particular. The ar-passing through the streets leading an old decripit following account of his mission here in order to gument appears to rest upon the authority of Chan-person, the villagers will, in his hearing, and to entaise funds for the College in Ohio! cellor Kent; who declares that there is a broad dis-courage all the other children who may be present to Having seen the immense importance of Kenyon tinction in most of the states, in respect to privileges, take example from him, call on one another to College, particularly of the Theological department,between free whites and free colored persons, and look on and see what a good child that must be. And connected with it, to the supply of Ministers of the the fact, that when the constitution of the United so, in most instances, this method is resorted to for Gospel, for the swelling population of the West, and States was adopted, every State, except Massachu. the purpose of instructing children in things that are especially for the destitute, and multiplying parish-setts, tolerated slavery. We perceive no reference good, proper, or honorable in themselves; while, on es of Ohio; having seen also the the great necessity to any legislation of Connecticut on the subject of the other hand, when a child has committed a bad of that institution, and how entirely it must fail of these persons.-[Boston Adv.] act, the parent will say to him, "Oh! how grieved accomplishing its great purposes, unless means Lander's Niger Expedition. Mr. Richard Lander, will never do so again." This is generally effectuI am that my child has done this bad act! I hope he should be raised to erect additional buildings for stu- whose fate so generally and deeply interests his al, particularly if said in the presence of others. dents, and instructors, I considered that I could in no country, arrived at Fernando Pe on the 1st of May. The whole of the Indian plan of education tends to way employ the time, before my family could be mo- from the Quorra steamboat, which he left afloat in elevate rather than depress the mind, and by that ved to the West, so advantageously to the Diocese, deep water near the river Tchadda. From her, he means to make determined hunters and fearless war. as by an effort to raise the required contributions. descended the Niger in a native canoe; and arrived riors.-[Thatcher's Indian Traits.] Under authority from the Board of Trustees of the on board the brig Columbine, which was lying in the College, I undertook to raise as the least sum that Nun River, having been thirteen days on his passage. Antediluvian Animals.-The animals of the Ante. would answer the purpose, $30,000, in two annual During this period our gallant traveller stopped to diluvian world were not monsters; there was no lusus payments. Beginning with my own affectionate peo-sleep at a native village on the banks of the Niger. or extravagance. Hideous as they appear to us, and ple, in Brooklyn, I proceeded to New York, Boston, At Fernando Po, Mr. Lander was evidently very like phantoms of a dream, they were adapted to the Providence, Norwich, Conn., and New London; then ill, though he was rapidly recovering from an attack condition of the earth when they existed. I could to Philadelphia and Baltimore; in all which places, of dysentery; with which he had been afflicted for have wished that our naturalist had given the in the object was entertained with the greatest kind- some months. His object in returning alone to this habitants of that early condition of the globe names ness and interest, by various religious denomina-place was to procure medicines, as well as tea and less scholastic. We have the plesiosaurus, and ple tions, as one in which all that desire the advance-other condiments, for the use of the invalids on board siosaurus dolichodeirus, we have the ichthyosaurus ment of useful learning and pure and undefiled re- the steamboats. We lament to have to confirm the and megalosaurus and iguanodon, pterodactyles, with ligion in the West, should feel themselves concerned. reports of the grievous mortality which had prevailed; long and short beaks, tortoises, and crocodiles; and It was delightful to see how sectarian views were the number of deaths on board the vessels of which these are found among the reeds and grasses of gi kept out of sight by Christians of different names, and the expedition is composed had been, indeed, fright. gantic proportions, algæ and fuci, and a great varie. nothing regarded in the application but in connexion fully great. No fewer than twenty-five had perished ty of mollusca of inordinate bulk, compared with those with the glory of God and the promotion of his king-before Mr. Lander undertook his journey to the coast, of the present day, as ammonites and nautili. Every dom. The whole amount of actual subscriptions including, we regret to add, most of the officers and thing declares, that these animals inhabit shallow from the above cities, aided by a few names from engineers. seas, and estuaries, or great inland lakes: that the other places, irrespective of promises and expecta. We now have to relate what chiefly led to this la surface of the earth did not rise up in peaks and tions, and inclusive of $1000 from P. G. Stuyvesant, mentable result. The vessels were unfortunately mountains, or that perpendicular rocks bound in the Esq. of New York, for the library, (the same gentle detained at a place called Attah-why, we are not seas; but that it was flat, slimy, and covered with a man having previously subscribed $400 to the build-able to ascertain until Mr. Lander, accompanied loaded and foggy atmosphere. There is, indeed, ngs) is $28,520. It is due to the great kindness and by one or two of his associates, went to see the king. every reason to believe that the classes mammalia confidence of my friends in Brooklyn and the city of They were very hospitably received by his sable and birds were not then created; and that if man bad New York, to say, that in the former $5547, and in majesty, who was equipped in silk velvet, and atten. been placed in this condition of the earth, there the latter $18,907 of the whole amount were sub-ded by about three hundred well dressed youths; all must have been around him a state of things unsuit. scribed. The whole expense incurred by the col ege of them eunuchs, and forming a kind of body-guarded to his constitution, and not calculated to call forth in my agency in this work, exclusive of a bill for the to their prince. his capcities. But looking to the class of animals printing of an address to the public, which has not This delay was followed by another still more vexa.as we have enumerated them, there is a correspond. been received, will not exceed $70. As soon as the tious. The largest steamboat was forced, by the ence; they were scaly; they swam in water, or collections shall have been sufficiently received, a strength of the current, on a sand-bank, where she crept upon the margins; there were no animals pos. minute statement of all the subscriptions and receipts was fixed for several weeks, till lifted into deep wa. sessed of rapidity of motion, and no birds of prey to will be printed, and a copy forwarded to every sub-ter (as we have stated) by the swelling of the river. stoop upon them; there was, in short, that balance Here she was examined, and found to have sustained of the power of destruction and self preservation no damage; but owing to this unseasonable accident, which we see now to obtain in higher animals since as well as to the detention at Attah, and, above all, to created, with infinitely varied instinct and powers the deplorable loss of life which had ensued on board for defence or attack. the vessels, the party had it not in their power to cul. It is hardly possible to watch the night and see the tivate their mercantile speculations either to the ex-break of day in a fine country, without being sensi. friends anticipated. tent or so successfully as they wished, or as their ble that our pleasantest preceptions refer to the sce nery of nature, that we have feelings in sympathy Indian Mode of Education.-Whatever the child light, until the whole landscape is displayed in valleys, with every sucessive change, from the first streak of learns, he learns for the most part from observation woods, and sparkling waters: and the changes on the of his elders and his comrades. He soon finds, pride scene are not more rapid than the transitions of the is the spur of his exertions. He soon finds, that teelings which accompany them. All these sources success as a hunter will make him respected by his of enjoyment, the clear atmosphere and the retreshtribe, while awkwardness subjects him to intolerable ing breezes, are as certainly the result of the several ridicule. He listens to every thing that is said of changes which the earth's surface has undergone, as Case of Miss Crandall.-It is well known that an hunting and trapping at home, and eagerly goes the displaced strata within its crust are demonstrative information was recently filed in the Superior Court abroad with the view of earning some praise for him of these changes. We have every reason to conclude of Connecticut against Miss Prudence Crandall, for an self. Thus it takes him but few years to acquire a that these revolutions, whether they have been slowly alleged violation of an act of that State, which prohibi:s considerable degree of experience; and his reputa- accomplished and progressively, or by sudden, vast, the establishment of any institution, for the instruc.tion always corresponds to his merit. The same and successive convulsions, were necessary to pre. tion of colored persons, not inhabitants of the State, feeling just mentioned is appealed to with equal suc-pare the earth for that condition which should coras well as the instruction of any existing institution, cess in regard to most other branches of an Indian respond with the faculties to be given to man, and be or the harboring or boarding, for the purpose of in- education. It is true, to a great extent, of numer-suited to the full exercise of his reason, as well to struction, of any colored persons, not inhabitants of ous tribes, as Heckewelder observes respecting the his enjoyment. If he contemplate the common objects the State, without the consent of a majority of the Delawares, that a father need only to say in the pre- around him-if he observe the connexion between the Selectmen of the town where such institution is sence of his children, "I want such a thing done; I the statute was in contravention of that portion of let me see who is the good child that will do it!"dition of his mind, he will perceive that he is in the situated. The defence rested on the ground, that want one of my children to go upon such an errand; qualities of things external and the exercise of his senses, between the senses so excited, and the con. the Constitution of the United States, which gives This word good operates, as it were, by magic, and centtro of a magnificent system, and that the strictest the citizens of each State, all the privileges and im-the children immediately vie with each other to communities of citizens in the several States. In the ply with the wishes of their parent. If a father sees ties and the material world.-[Bell's Bridgewater relation is stablished between the intellectual capaci. Brooklyn Advertiser of the 10th, we find a sketch of an old decrepit man or woman pass by, led along by Treatise.] the charge delivered by Chief Justice Daggett to the a child, he will draw the attention of his own chil. Jury, in which he declares, that if slaves, free blacks, dren to the object by saying, "What a good child Cuvier on National Education.-Give schools beor Indians, were citizens, he is not sure that the that must be, which pays such attention to the aged!||fore political rights; make citizens comprehend the law would be unconstitutional; but expresses his That child, indeed, looks forward to the time when duties that the state of society imposes on them; opinion with the utmost emphasis, that they are not he himself wiH be old!" or he will say, "May the teach them what are political rights before you offer citizens, and of course, are not entitled to the be- Great Spirit, who looks upon him, grant this good them for their enjoyment. Then all ameliorations nefit of this constitutional provision. In the first child a long life?" In this manner of bringing up will be made without causing a shock; then each place, he quotes the description of a citizen of the children, the parents, adds Heckewelder, are secon- new idea, thrown upon good ground, will have time United States, given by Dr. Webster, viz a person, ded by the whole community. If a child is sent to germinate, to grow, and to ripen, without convulsnative or naturalized, who has the privilege of exer from his father's dwelling to carry a dish of victuals ing the social body, Imitate Nature, who, in the decising the elective franchise, and of purchasing and to an aged person, all in the house will join in calling velopment of beings, acts by gradation. The infant holding real estate. He proceeds to show, that In-him a good child. They will ask whose child he is, remains nine months in the body of its mother; man's

scriber.

I have been thus particular on this topic, because there is nothing in which the Church in Ohio and in all the western States is more deeply concerned than in whatever relates to the efficiency of our College; especially, its bearing upon the preparation of ministers of the Gospel.

In addition to the subscriptions above stated, is the loan I obtained by authority of the Board of Trustees, of $15000, for 10 years, for the purpose of paying of a number of miscellaneous debts con tracted during the past transactions of the college. This was effected chiefly through the great atten. tion and the affectionate interest of Samuel Ward, Esq. of New York.

physical perfection only takes place at twenty or

GRACIE, PRIME & CO. having this day taken inte thirty, and his moral completion from thirty to forty.co-partnership JOHN CLARKSON JAY, will continue their Institutions must have ages to produce all their fruits business under the same firm.-New-York, 1st October, 1833 witness Christianity, the effects of which are not ye; accomplished, notwithstanding a thousand years of existence.-[Memoirs of Baron Cuvier.]

FOR SALE,

ATLANTIC JOURNAL AND FRIEND OF KNOW LEDGE—A Quarterly Journal, by Professor Rafiuesque, of Philadelphia, begun in the spring of 1832, with wood cuts, &c. dedicated to Historical and Natural Sciences, Botany, Agricul ture, kc. at one dollar per annum.

MEDICAL FLORA OF THE UNITED STATES, in 2 vols.

with 100 plates, containing also the economical properties of
100 genera of American plants.1$3.
MANUAL OF AMERICAN VINES, and Art of Making
Wines, with figures. 25 cents.
FISHES AND SHELLS OF THE RIVER OHIO, l'dollar.
AMERICAN FLORIST, with 36 figures-price 36 cts.
*** Orders for these works, or any other of Professor Rafi
A9 fJ M & F
aesque's, received at this othce.

Anecdote of Marshal Ney.-When Napoleon march.
ed, in the summer of 1800, to bring back victory to the
esgles of France, a division of his army, as it hasten-
ed to the scene of action, halted within sight of the
little town of Sarre-Louis, on the borders of German
Lorraine, and the general who led it, pointing with
his sword, said with emotion, "Gentlemen and fel.
low soldiers, this is my birthplace: I am the son of
a cooper, and thirteen years ago, on the spot where
I now stand, I parted in tears with my father and mo.
TO STEAMBOAT COMPANIES.
ther to become a soldier: I bid you welcome to my
PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE, of Philadelphia, offers
native town." This leader was the celebrated Mar-his services to render steamboats incombustible, and not liable
shal Ney--[Athenæum.]
to sink, even by the bursting of boilers, or striking agains
snags. sawyers and rocks. This will save many boats, muck
property, and the lives of hundrede every year. Those who
neglect this easy improvement, deserve to be neglected and de-
serted by the public as unmindful of safety. Apply, post paid.
SIR JMM & F

In the committee on the factory bill, the following sensible question was put to a witness named Peter 8mart, the overseer of a factory at Dundee :— Ques, When do your girl marry? Ans.

Whenever they can get an offer!

A FRAGMENT.

She comes in vision as she came
When heavenly beauty filled her frame-
When, in a inould of mortal birth,

Heaven flang its charms o'er those of earth
But ob it is in midnight dreams
That I behold those radient gleams
Of vanished brightness come and go,
Like sunshine on the mountain snow.
Her quivering lips may not unroll
The hidden transports of her soul;
But straight before my tranced eye.
She stands, a vision of the sky-

A child of Heaven, that may not brook

The ardour of a waking look.-[Fraser's Magazine.]

TO RAILROAD COMPANIES. PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE, of Philadelphia, will| undertake to build CARS that will carry along their own railway, and may be used on level M'Adam roads. They will save ten millions of money to be wasted on 1000 miles of iron railroads te be laid in the United States within a few years. and dispense with tracks and double tracks. These Cars may be drawn by horses or steam. He claims to have discovered them over since 1825, by his caveats filled in the Patent Office S1 RJMM & F Apply, post paid.

TOWNSEND & DURFEE, of Palmyra, Maru facturers of Railroad Rope, having removed their establishment to Hudson, under the name of Durfee, May & Co. offer t supply Rope of any required length (without splice) for inclined planes of Railroads at the shortest notice, and deliver them in any of the principal cities in the United States. As t the quality of Rope, the public are referred to J. B. Jervis, Eug M. & H. R. R. Co., Albany; or James Archibald, Engmeer Hudson and Delaware Caual and Railroad Company, Carbon

Hudson, Columbia County, New-York,{

January 29, 1833.

AN INTERESTING AND USEFUL MAP. A friend of ours has now in a state of forwardness, a Map upon which will be delineated nearly all the Rail-tale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. roads now chartered in the U. States. It is designed to show the present contemplated connexion of the different lines, as well as where others may hereafter be constructed to connect with them. It will be completed in a few weeks, and may be had either in sheets, or put up in morocco for pocket maps, in any quantity, by applying to the subscriD. K. MINOR, ber.

35 Wall street.

New-York, August 14, 1833. WINCHESTER AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. TO CONTRACTORS FOR EXCAVATION AND MASONRY.-Proposals will be received by theundersigned a Taylor's Hotel, in Winchester, Va. on the 7th day of November mezt, for the Grading and Masonry of Twenty-seven miles on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, commencing near th town of Winchester, and ending at the Sherrandoah River The above work will be divided into sections of convenien length; and plots and profi es of the line, and drawings of the requisite constructions, will be exbibited at Winchester, for one week previous to the letting.

Proposals will be received at the same time and place, for delivering, on the line of the Railroad, Four hundred thousand lineal feet of Heart Yellow Pine or White Oak Rails, the dimensions of the rails to be five inches wide, by me inche deep, and in lengths of fifteen and twenty feet.

Any further information in relation to the above work wil be given on application, verbally or by letter, to William H. Morell, Principal Assistant Engineer, Winchester, Va. or t the Assistant Engineers on the line. MONCURE ROBINSON, C. E. 05 to7.

Sept. 27th, 1933.

warranted.

SURVEYORS' INSTRUMENTS.
Compasses of various sizes and of superior quality,
Leveling Instruments, large and small sizes, with high mag
nifying powera with glasses made by Troughton, together with
a large assortment of Engineering Instruments, manufactured
and sold by
E. & G. W. BLUNT, 154 Water street,
corner of Maidenlane.
J31 6t

ENGINEERING AND SURVEYING
INSTRUMENTS.

The subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments ir
air profession, warranted equal, if not superior, in principles of
construction and workmanship to any imported or manufac
ured in the United States; several of which are entirely new
Among which are an Improved Compass, with a Telescope at
ached, by which angles can be taken with or without the ua
of the needle, with perfect accuracy-also, a Railroad Goniom
ster, with two Telescopes-and a Levelling Instrument, with a
WM. J. YOUNG,
Goniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpo-
Mathematical Instrument Maker, No. 9 Dock street,
Philadelphia.

The following recommendations are respectfully submitted to Engineers, Surveyors, and others interested. Baltimore, 1832.

STEPHENSON,

Builder of a superior style of Passenger Cars for Railroads,
No. 264 Elizabeth street, near Bleecker street,sum
New-York.

RAILROAD COMPANIES would do well to examine
these Cars; a specimen of which may be seen on that pars o
the New-York and Harlem Railroad, now in operation.
J 25 tỉ

RAILROAD CAR WHEELS AND BOXES,

AND OTHER RAILROAD CASTINGS. Also. AXLES furnished and fitted to wheels complete, at the Jefferson Cotton and Wool Machine Factory and Foun dry. Paterson, N. J. All orders addressed to the subscribera at Paterson, or 60 Wall street, New-York, will be promptly attended to. Also, CAR SPRINGS. Also, Flange Tires turned complete.

J8

ROGERS, KETCHUM & GROSVENOR.
NOVELTY WORKS,

Near Dry Dock, New-York.

THOMAS B. STILLMAN, Manufacturer of Steam Engines, Boilers, Railroad and Mill Work, Lathes, Presses, and other Machinery. Also, Dr. Nott's Patent Tubular Boilers, which are warranted, for safety and economy, to be supe. rior to any thing of the kind heretofore used. The fullest aseurance is given that work shall be done weli, and on reasonable terme. A share of public patronage is respectfully solicited.

m18

SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTORY.

EWIN & HEARTTE, at the sign of the Quadrant, No. 58 South street, one door north of the Union Hotel, Balumore, beg leave to inform their friends and the public, eapecially Engineers, that they continue to manufacture to order and keep for sale every description of Instruments in the above branches, which they can furnish at the shortest notice, and on fair terms. Instruments repaired fwith care and promptitude. For proof of the high estimation on which their Surveying Instruments are held, they respectfully beg leave to tender to the public peru-al, the following certificates from gentlemen of distinguished scientific attainments.

To Ewin & Heartte.-Agreeably to your request made some months since, i now offer you my opinion of the lustruments made at your establishment, for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. This opinion would have been given at a much earlier period, but was intentionally delayed, in order to afford a longer time for the trial of the Instruments, so that I could peak with the greater confidence of their merits, if such they should be found to possess.

It is with much pleasure I can now state that notwithstanding ies are considered good, I have a decided preference for those the Instruments in the service procured from our northern cimanufactured by you. Of the whole number manufactured for the Department of Construction, to wit: five Levels, and five of the Compasses, not one has required any repairs within the last twelve months, except from the occasional imperfection of a screw, or from accidents, to which all Instruments are liable They possess a firmness and stability, and at the same time a neatness and beauty of execution, which reflect much credit on the artists engaged in their construction.

I can with confidence recommend them as being worthy the

In reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manu factured by thee, now in use or the Baltimore and Ohio Rail coad. I cheerfully furnish thee with the following information. The whole number of Levels now in possession of the depart-otice of Companies engaged in Interual Improvements, who ment of construction of thy make is seven. The whole num ber of the Improved Compass" is eight. These are all exinclusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and Gra duation Department.

Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have n fact needed but little repairs, except from acc.dents to which all instruments of the kind are liable.

may require Instruments of superior workmanship.
JAMES P. STABLER,
Superintendent of Construction of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad.

I have examined with sare several Engineers' instruinenta

of your Manufacture, particularly Spirit levels, and survey

NOTICE TO MANUFACTURERS. SIMON FAIRMAN, of the village of Lansingburgh, the county of Rensselaer, and state of New-York, has invente and put in operation a Machine for making Wrought Nail with square points. This machine will make about sixty 6. nails, and about forty 10d nails in a minute, and in the same I have found that thy patterns for the levels and compassesor's Compasses; and take pleasure in expressing my opinion proportion larger sizes, even to spikes for ships. The nail is have been preferred by my assistants generally, to any other of the excellence of the workmanship. The parts of the levels hammered and comes from the machine completely heated to in use, and the Improved Compass is superior to any other de-appeared well proportioned to secure facility in use, and accu redness, that its capacity for being clenched is good and sure These instruments seemed to me to possess all the modern One horse power is sufficient to drive one machine, and maycription of Goniometer that we have yet tried in laying the rails racy and permanency in adjustmente. on this Road. easily be applied where such power for driving machinery is in This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing improvement of construction, of which so many have bena operation Said Fairman will make, vend and warrant ma chines as above, to any persons who may apply for them as soonelescope, in place of the vane sights, leaves the engineer made within these few years; and I have no doubt but they carcely any thing to devire in the formation or convenience of will give every satisfaction when used in the fleld. WILLIAM HOWARD, U. S. Civil Engineer. as they may be made, and on the most reasonable terms. He Baltimore, May lm, 1893. also desires to sell one half of his patent right for the use of said the Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to later To Mesers Ewin'and Heartte-As you have asked me to give machines throughout the United States. Any person desiring angles of any simple and chea, instrument that I have yet seen, and I cannot but believe it will be preferred to all other further information, or to purchase, will please to call at the now in use for laying of rails-and in fact, when known, I think my opinion of the merits of those instruments of your manu. acture which I have either used or examined, I cheerfully state machine shop of Mr. John Humphrey, in the village of Lan A29 tf RM&F it will be as highly appreciated for common surveying. <pingburgh.—August 15, 1833. Respectfully thy friend, that as far as my opportunities of my becoming aquainted with their qualities have gone, I have great reason to think well of JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendant of Construction of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. the skill displayed in their construction. The neatness of their workmanship has been the subject of frequent remark by my Philadelphia, February, 1833. Having for the last two years made constant use of Mrself, and of the accuracy of their performance 1 have received Young's "Patent Improved Compass," I can safely say I be satisfactory assurance from others, whose opinion I respect, lieve it to be much superior to any other instrument of the kind, and who have had them for a considerable time in use. The now in use, and as such most cheerfully recommend it to En-efforts you have made since your establishment in this city, to relieve us of the uecessity of sending elsewhere for what we gineers and Surveyors. may want in our line, deserve the unqualified approbation and our warm encouragement. Wishing you all the success which B. H LATROBE, your enterprize so well merits, I remain, yours, &c. Civil Engineer in the service of the Baltimore and Ohio Rai road Company.

INCOMBUSTIBLE ARCHITECTURE. INCOMBUSTIBLE dwelling-houses and buildings o! all kinds devised or built in New York, or any part of the United States, as cheap as any other combustible buildings Actual buildings and houses rendered incombustible at a small additional expense.

SHIPS of all sorts, and Steamboats, rendered incombustible, and not liable to sink, at a small expense. For sale, 10,000 lbs. of ANTIGNIS, or Incombustible Varash, at one dollar per lb.

E. H. GILL, Civil Engineer.
Germantown, February, 1883.

For a year past I have used Instruments made by Mr. W. J. Young, of Philadelphia, in which he has combined the proper ties of a Theodolite with the common Level.

Apply to C. S. RAFINESQUE, Professor of Hist. and Nat. Sc ences, Chemist, Architect, &c. in Philadelphia, No. 59 North I consider these Instruments admirably calculated for laying 8 atreet. A pamphlet given gratis. References in New-York-Mr. Minor, Editor of the Me-out Railroads, and can recommend them to the notice of Engi chanice' Magazine; Messrs. Rushton & Aspinwall, Druggistseers as preferable to any others for that purpose. HENRY R.CAMPBELL, Eng. Philad., Editors in the city or country, copying this advertisement, Germant, and Norrist. Rallroad will receive a commission on any contract procured by their SIR JMM & F

means.

ml ly

A number of other letters are in our possession and might be introduced, but are too lengthy. We should be happy to submitthem upon application, to any persons desirous of perusm26 ing the same.

T. M. Foster

PENNSYLVANIA.

*Horace Binney
*James Harper
John G. Watmough

William Heister
*William Darlington
David Potts, jr.
*William Clark
Harmer Denney
*George Chambers
T. M. T. M'Kennan
John Banks
Andrew Stewart
*Charles A. Barnitz
G. Burd

Jesse Miller
Joseph B. Anthony
Henry A. Mulhenburg
Joel K. Mann
*Robert Ramsey
David B. Wagener
Henry King

Andrew Beaumont
John Laporte
Joseph Henderson
*John Galbraith
Samuel S. Harrison
Richard Coulter
Joel B. Sutherland.

DELAWLRE.

James P. Heath
*James Turner
*J. T. Stoddart
*Isaac M'Kim
*Richard B. Carmichael
Francis Thomas
*William P. Johnson
Littleton C. Dennis
VIRGINIA.

John M. Patton
John Y. Mason
William F. Gordon
Thomas T. Bouldin
William S. Archer
Nathaniel H. Claiborne

Joseph W. Chinn
Charles F. Mercer
*Edward Lucas
*Samuel Mc Dowell Moore
Andrew Stevenson
Thomas Davenport
*John J. Allen
*George Loyall
*James H. Gholson
Edgar C. Wilson
*James H. Beale
*William P. Taylor
*John H. Fulton
*William M'Comas
*Henry A. Wise

NORTH CAROLINA.
M. T. Hawkins
Thomas H. Hall
William B. Shepard+

*R. L. Gamble
*Seaborn Jones
*William Schley
*John Coffee

FLORIDA.

Joseph M. White, Del.
ALABAMA.

Clement C. Clay
Dixon H. Lewis
*John Murphy
Samuel W. Mardis
*John M'Kinley

MISSISSIPPI.
*Henry Cage
One vacancy (b)

LOUISIANA.
Philemon Thomas
Henry A. Bullard
Edw. L. White

ARKANSAS.
Ambrose H. Sevier, Del.
TENNESSEE.

John Bell

Cave Johnson

James K. Polk
*David W. Dickinson
*Bailie Peyton
John Blair
*Samuel Bunch
*Luke Lea

James Standifer

*

David Crockett
*John B. Forrester
*William M. Inge
*William C. Dunlap
KENTUCKY.

Chilton Allen
Thomas A. Marshall
*Amos Davis
Richard M. Johnson
*Thomas Chilton
Thomas P. Moore (c)
*Benjamin Hardin
Chittenden Lyon
*Martin Beatty*

* James Love

Christopher Tompkins
*P. H. Pope
Albert G. Hawes
OHIO..

*Robert T. Lytle
Taylor Webster
*William Allen
Jeremiah McLene
Thomas L. Hamer
John Chaney
Robert Mitchell
*John Thompson
*Benjamin Jones
*William Patterson
Humphrey H. Leavitt
*David Spangler
*James M. Bell
E. Whittlesey
Thomas Corwin
Joseph Vance
Samuel F. Vinton
Jonathan Sloan
*Joseph H. Crane.
INDIANA.

*Amos Lane
Jonathan M'Carthy

AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1833.

D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.]

.690

CONTENTS:

Curious Clock; Sea Weed Banks, &c.

Editorial Notices; Chemung Canal: Troy and Ballston
Railroad; Saratoga Railroad, &c,.....
.page 699
On the Equilibration of Semi-Circular and Semi-Ellip-
tical Arches, &c.; Rutter's New Process for Genera-
ting Heat.......
Bristol and London Railway; Travelling by Steam on
Common Roads; Application of Steam; Steamboats
with Paddles in the Stern
Termination of the Providence and Boston Railroad;
To prevent injury from Boilers; Improved Railway;
Curious Facts and Experiments

....

.691

.692

..693

Apparatus for setting in motion, stopping, or reversing
the Steam Engine; The Received Theory of Rain;
Babbage on the Economy of Manufactures, continued.694
Agriculture, &c....

Literary Notices...

.......696
.698

Summary; Advertisements, &c.... 700-1-2-3 Marriages and Deaths; New-York Prices Current, &c..704

AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c.

NEW-YORK, NOVEMBER 2, 1833.

[VOLUME II.-No. 44.

months, or from January 1 to July 1, of the request that railroad companies, engineers,
present volume, together with a repetition of and contractors, will furnish us with all such
the statement made by me in the Journal, a few matters, occurrences, and intelligence, as will
weeks since, relative to its continuance, which, tend to promote the cause of Internal Improve-
I trust, will induce some of its friends to aid me ments, and thereby promote their own, as well
in obtaining the necessary number of subscri- as the interest of the Journal and its proprietor.
bers to insure its continuance for many years
yet to come.

As we have so readily complied with "A Contractor's" suggestion, we trust he will also do his part in forwarding the "twenty-five subscribers" he was so good as to guarantee.

To the Editor of the American Railroad Journal:
OWEGO, Oct. 28th, 1833.
Mr. Editor: Sir-Allow me to make the in- RAILROAD MEETING.-The railroad meeting
quiry, why notices of the lettings of different to-day, says the Augusta Courier, of the 16th
public works are not noticed in your paper? as ultimo, adopted the report of the committee,
it is a paper to which all engineers, railroad without a dissenting voiee. The report, says
companies, and contractors, ought to have ac- the same paper, closes with the following reso-
cess, in a greater or less degree; and as its lution:

support is chiefly derived from such men, or, "Resolved, That the citizens of Richmond
especially at the present time, from those who County will co-operate in the proposed con-
have charge of public works. It would only struction of Railroads to Athens and Eaton-
require an invitation from you, to have all such ton, and will send delegates to attend the con-
notices forwarded, to have it done; and as ference to be held at Greensboro', on Monday,
soon as contractors find that your paper con- the 21st instant."-[Georgian.]
tains all such notices, in addition to the impor-

RAILROAD JOURNAL.-In order to meet the wishes of several gentlemen, who are friendly to the Journal, and desirous to obtain it in a more convenient form than in weekly num-tant matter now reated upon, almost eve- The Troy and Ballston Railroad is to be bers, residing remote from any agent for the ry mau following the contracting business under contract immediately. It will be finished put werk, through whom it can be obtained in would at once subscribe for it, if for no other in July next. H. Y. Sargent, of Mechanicville, bound volumes I have concluded to put up purpose than to have correct information, when is the Engineer in Chief.-[Albany Daily Addifferent public works are to be let. An expe-vertiser ] the past and current volumes in four parts riment of this kind would not be expensive, to the year, or thirteen numbers each, stitched and I am very certain it would be the means of in a cover of colored paper, which may be for- giving your useful paper a great circulation. warded by mail to any part of the Union, on the Yours, respectfully, same terms as ordinary magazines; or 14 cent a sheet for under, and 24 cents a sheet of 16 pages, for any distance over 100 miles. By this arrangement the work may be obtained in any part of the country, by mail, in a convenient form for preservation, at a trifling expense of postage.

***Those editors, with whom we exchange, will greatly oblige us by giving this one or more insertions.

CHEMUNG CANAL.-The citizens of Elmira were gratified on Tuesday last with the view of three Boats, moored in the Elmira Basin, A Contractor on the Ithaca and which had arrived the previous evening, laden Owego Railroad. with about 120 tons of merchandize. Two of P.S. If you adopt the abovementioned course, them had received their cargoes in the city of will warrant at least, twenty-five new subscri- New-York. They are the first arrivals direct bers within two months after such general re- from our great commercial emporium; and the quest is made to engineers, and men having busy and business aspect of our streets during charge of public works, or at least after the the day was hailed as the commencement of a first notice is inserted.

I

new era in the trade of our village.-[Elmira

REMARKS. The above communication is Gaz.] cheerfully inserted, but it is proper that we should observe, that we have more than once MR. RUTTER'S GRAND DISCOVERY.-"If real," says an esteemed correspondent," it will requested engineers and railroad companies to change the face of the world. To convert waWith this number of the Journal, furnish us with statements, not only of the ter into fire has been long a favorite speculaforward to each subscriber a Title Page and time when they will receive proposals or bids,tion with philosophers, though hitherto the Index, for the first, and one half of the second from contractors, but also the rates at which practical means of accomplishing it have constantly eluded their research. Among others year, of the Railroad Journal, divided into parts the contracts are made, as well as such other who have distinctly pre-figured the discovery, of six months each, that those who have pre- information as may be of service to those who and one of the greatest advantages to be derived served the work from its commencement, may desire to engage in the business. We have of- from it, namely, its application to steam nabe enabled to bind it in part, or whole volumes, ten, and will now again observe, that the ob-vigation, I may mention your ingenious friend, Junius Redivivus, who, in his Tale of Tucuas they may prefer. It will be observed that one man,' has these lines: sheet contains a title page and index for parts 1 and 2, of volume 1; and that the other sheet contains a title page and index to the first six

to meet such events.

ed in such works.

Lexington, Ky. Oct. 1st, 1833.

V. D. G.

On the Equilibration of Semi-Circular and Se-ticipate their effect, and to construct at the pre-into contact with the water in the spout which mi-Elliptical Arches; with an Inquiry into sent time, as far as practicable, works proper communicates with the interior of the enclosed the Causes which have sustained, for a great|| fire-place or furnace. Indeed, I rather prefer The theory of arches is built upon the sup- that they should first come in contact with each number of years, some Stone Bridges, erected position that the superincumbent matter is pos- other in a funnel at some little distance from without regard to the true Theory of Arches. sessed of gravity alone, without any adhesive the furnace, and from thence be allowed t flow By VAN DE GRAAFF. [For the American quality; and that the ring of the arch is suscep- together, through a convenient channel, to the Railroad Journal.] tible of sustaining no lateral thrust, but only spout by which they are admitted into the incapable of resisting a longitudinal compression: terior of the fire-place or furnace; but the tar It has been observed by some writers, and these are correct suppositions, for the ring or other substance, and the water, should be in that semi-circular or semi-elliptical arches are of an arch will sustain without injury a very contact prior to or at their entrance into the firenearly in equilibrio when the roadway is hori- great thrust longitudinally, but is easily broken place or furnace, and being so in contact should zontal; but this can only be admitted as true with a lateral pressure. When circular or el-fall simultaneously upon the fire so burning when the arch has a certain determinate thick.liptical arches are not equilibrated, the ring is within the fire-place or furnace; and if the firecontinually strained at the flanks by a disposi-place or furnace be large, two or more of the ness at the crown. As an illustration, it may tion to shove outward; and when this move-spouts or channels for introducing the coal tar, be observed, that the thickness at the crownment ever takes place, it gives room for the or other substances, and water together, may can be varied in such a manner as to cause the crown to fall in, and it is chiefly the friction, or be adapted to such fire-place or furnace in such curve of perfect equilibrium to fall either with-the adhesive quality of the superincumbent manner and at such distances from each other in or without the given arch at the flanks; and stance in which such arches are not equilibrated. of coa! tar, or other of the before-mentioned matter, which prevents that effect in every in-as may be found most convenient. The stream there will therefore evidently exist, between But when an arch is properly balanced, the ex- substances, and of water respectively, is or those two extremes, a certain quantity of weight periment mentioned above is sufficient to justify may be regulated by means of stop-cocks or at the crown, which will have the best effect to- full confidence in the belief that cohesion and valves, either in or attached to the cistern or wards equilibrating the proposed arch: and this friction will be amply sufficient to insure stabil- other vessel, or in any of the pipes or chanity during the small time in which a load is nels before-mentioned. The spout or other is the quantity which must be sought, when passing over the bridge-even when such a load channel through which the coal tar, or other of that curve is to be employed as an arch, for it is much heavier, and moved with greater velo- the before-mentioned substances, and the wagives the only case in which a correct view of city, than those which have hitherto been trans-ter, are introduced into the interior of the inthe common analysis will indicate the ellipsis ported over bridges erected without regard to closed fire-place or furnace, should be left their equilibration. open, so that a supply of atmospheric air may as approaching the true curve within judicious An equilibrated arch will bear a considerable thereby be admitted to the said inclosed firelimits. degree of tremor without injury; and they only place or furnace, care being taken that too The method to be pursued in this investiga- require a little more care in their construction. large a supply of atmospheric air be not adtion will be obvious enough, to the mathemati-The subject is one of deep interest, not only to mitted. Although I prefer the heating, inflamcal reader, from the hint given above, and the engineer, but to all who have money investing, and decomposing surface of a fire, burning within an inclosed fire-place or furnace, will therefore only show the result in the folas aforesaid, in carrying my said improved prolowing Theorem : cess into effect, as most favorable to the comIn constructing, with a horizontal roadway, a Mr. Rutter's New Process for generating Heat. plete and effectual combustion of the coal tar, semi-circular or a semi-elliptical arch, whether [From the London Mechanics' Magazine.] or other of the before-mentioned substances, it be flat, as with the transverse axis horizon-our readers the first detailed and authentic ac-same is not absolutely essential to the said proWe have now the pleasure of laying before in conjunction with water as aforesaid, yet the tal, or surmounted, as with that axis vertical.count which has yet appeared of the new mode cess, for the combustion of the coal tar, or I say, the most advantageous condition, with of generating heat, discovered and patented by other of the before-mentioned substances, in respect to equilibrium, will be obtained when our esteemed friend Mr. Rutter, and which, to conjunction with water, may be effected in a the roadway and abutments, or piers, are so ad-use the words of a correspondent, quoted in furnace, oven, or other close vessel, previously justed as to produce a thickness at the crown, our last number, seems destined "to change heated, and afterwards kept at a proper degree including the ring and all the superincumbent the face of the world." The heat obtained is, of heat, either by heat disengaged within the matter estimated as reduced to the same speci- we understand, extremely intense, very uni- said furnace, oven, or close vessel, or by heat fic gravity with it, equal to one seventh part of form, and, what we scarcely expected to find being applied externally, or in any other way the rise of the arch. would be the case, perfectly manageable. The that shall be found most convenient. It is not The method of obtaining the most judicious process has been in successful use at the Salis-essential that the water employed in my said ellipsis, when a segment only is required, has bury Gas Works ever since the patent was improved process should be fresh or pure wabeen already explained in a preceding number taken out, and it has also been tried on board ter, for sea water and impure water, such as of this journal, but the following fact is thought of a steam vessel, cff Lymington, with equally the bilge water in ships, and the ammoniacal by many to be a sufficient reason for disregard-gratifying results. The following details of liquor in gas works, will answer the purpose. ing the results of theory: “Bridges which have the process we extract from a copy of Mr. Rut-The respective quantities and properties of not been equilibrated have endured for ages, ter's Scotch specification, with which he has coal tar, or other of the before-mentioned suband appear likely to endure till the materials of obligingly favored us-his English and Irish stances, and of water, proper to be admitted or which they are composed crumble away." This specifications have yet to be enrolled : introduced into the inclosed fire-place or furexperimental result contradicts not the mathe- "My invention of an improved process fornace, oven, or other close vessel, will be found matical principles of mechanics; for it must be generating heat, applicable to the heating of to vary according to circumstances and the remembered that such bridges, hitherto found boilers and retorts, and to other purposes for materials used. The proportions of coal tar to remain secure in consequence of the friction which heat is required, consists in the employ- and water, which I have found productive of a and adhesion of their materials, have only been ment of bituminous, oleaginous, resinous, good result, are one gallon of coal tar, to be subject to the action of loads passing over them waxy, or fatty substances, in a liquid state, be used simultaneously with one gallon and a at a very slow rate, in which case there was no and in conjunction with water as fuel, in man-half of water, and these qualities should be so tremulous motion communicated to the arch: ner hereinafter described. I carry my said im-regulated as not to fall upon the fire or other but it is the uniform result of all experience, proved process into effect in manner following, heated surface, as before-mentioned, in much that friction is much reduced when the slightest that is to say, by allowing or causing one or less than two or three hours; but the proper motion takes place; and thus an arch which more of the said bituminous, oleaginous, resi. proportions to be used may be ascertained by might stand for centuries, if suffered to remain nous, waxy, or fatty substances, as coal tar, observing the interior appearance of the said perfectly quiescent, would soon tumble down for instance, to flow from a cistern or other inclosed fire-place or furnace, oven, or other from the effect of small but repeated jarrings, vessel suitably placed, through a pipe or other close vessel, (which may be done at or through when the various parts do not mutually incline convenient channel, into a spout or funnel one or more of the spouts or other convenient to sustain each other. communicating with the interior of an enclosed channels provided for the introduction of the To adopt such a system of building would fire-place or furnace, and at the same time al-coal tar or other material and the water, or at therefore be particularly vicious on a line of lowing or causing water to flow from a cis- or through one or more convenient apertures railroad, where steam is used as a moving pow-tern or vessel, placed in a suitable or conve- made for the purpose); for if water be in exer, for heavy locomotive engines, moving over nient situation, through another pipe, or other cess the flame will be weakened or extina bridge with great speed, will communicate a convenient channel, into the beforementioned guished; or if tar, or other of the before-mentremulous motion to all the materials laid upon spout or funnel, in which spout or funnel they tioned substances, be in excess, then the flame the back of the arch; and which, although it are allowed or caused to flow or drop simulta will be obscured by smoke." will not be sensible in the first instance, cannot neously upon a fire previously kindled and Mr. Rutter does not lay any claim to the apfail, by frequent repetitions, to have a pernicious burning within the before-mentioned inclosed paratus or machinery employed in the process, result, if the arch be not truly balanced; and as fire-place or furnace, subject to the regulations but limits his patent right to "the mode or prothere is a probability of great advances, for hereinafter mentioned or described. It is not cess of generating heat, by subjecting bitumimany years to come, in the power and speed of essential that the coal tar, or other of the be-nous, oleaginous, resinous, waxy, and fatty locomotive engines, it is very necessary to an-fore-mentioned substances, should first come substances, or a mixture of two or more such