Broad-street 2 cases Gum Arabic upon the top of the slope, where the party who had GRACIE, PRIME & CO. offer for sale, at 26 "As soon as he had passed, Mr. Arlett arose, and, limping with pain, attempted once more to retreat, but the animal returned to the attack; his trunk was flourished in the air, and the next moment the unfor. tunate officer was struck senseless to the ground.On recovering himself his situation appeared hopeless, his huge antagonist standing over him, chaffing and screaming with rage, pounding the earth with his feet, and ploughing it with his tusks. When the party first saw them, Mr. Arlett was lying between the elephant's legs, and had it been the intention of the animal to destroy him, placing a foot upon his senseless body would in a moment have crushed him to atoms; but it is probable that his object was only to punish and alarm, not to kill-such conjectures being perfectly in accordance with the character of this noble but revengeful beast. "Mr. Arlett was with much care instantly convey. ed on board the schooner, when, on examination, it was found that his body was severely bruised, yet no bones were broken, except the fibula of the left leg, which was supposed to be slightly fractured. It appeared that the elephant, on his last return to Mr. Arlett, had filled his trunk with mud, which, having turned him on his back, and forced open his mouth, he blew down his throat, injecting a large quantity in to his stomach. It was this that produced the inflated appearance of Mr. Arlett's countenance, for he was almost in a state of suffocation, and for three days after this adventure, he occasionally vomited quantities of blue sand. "When he encountered the elephant, he had a rifle in his hand; but he was too close to fire, knowing as he did, that in case of failure his destruction would be certain; for, when wounded, the despera tion of the animal is fatal to all. Upon conveying him to the boat, this rifle was forgotten, and a party of four were despatched to reco A. They ad just succeeded, and were about to Zeturn, when the elephant rushed in amongst them. The first and second men fired without effect, but the ball of the third fortunately turned him." 20 do. Danish Smalts, EFFF 10 do. Saxon do. do. 100 bags Saltpetre 2 do. Gall Nuts; 20 tons Old Lead 6 boxes each 50 lbs. Tartaric Acid 6 do. each 35 lbs. 1 case 50 bottles Syrop de Vinaigre Reduced Duty 10 cases White Hermitage; 20 do, Cotie Rotie 10 do. Dry St. Peray: 50 do. Bordeaux Grave STEPHENSON, Builder of a su verior style of Passenger Cars for Railroads, RAILROAD COMPANIES would do well to examine NOVELTY WORKS, Near Dry Dock, New-York. THOMAS B. STILLMAN, Manufacturer of Steam 20 do Chateau Grille; 5 cases each 12 bottles Olives in Oil¦ Engines, Boilere, Railroad and Mill Work, Lathes, Presses, 8 bales Fine Velvet Bottle Corks 100 do. Bourton Cloves 30 do. Molieres Almonds 143 bundles Liquorice Root 4 bales Goat Skins 1 cask Red Copper, 1 do. Yellow do. DRY GOODS BY THE PACKAGE. 10 cases light and dark ground Prints 40 do. 3-4 and 6-4 colored and black Merinos. 2 do. Silk Bandannas, black and colored 4 do. Italian Lustrings 3 do White Satteens 4 do. White Quiltings 10 do. Borrie's Patent Thread, No. 22 and 25 10 do. Super high cold Madras Hdkis, ent.,to,debenture 3 cases Cantoon Cords 2 do. Super blue, black, and colored Cloths-selected ex PAPER Mills, of the following sizes, all put up with 480 perfect sheets Sizes-24x35. 241x36, 21x34). 25x36, 26x37, 29x41, 27x39) 21x39, 21x29, 2+x23, 21x26, 21x27, 20124, &c., &c. Chinese Colored Paper-for Labels, Perfumery, &c. 5 cases each 1600 Sheets Colored Paper and other Machinery. Also, Dr. Nott's Patent Tubular Boilers, which are warranted, for safety and economy, to be supe rior to any thing of the kind heretofore used. The tullest asaurance is given that work shall be done well, and on reaonable terme. A share of public patronage is respectfully olicited. EWIN & HEARTTE, at the sign of the Quadrant, No. 53 South street, one door north of the Union Hotel, BaltiSURVEYORS' INSTRUMENTS. more, beg leave to inform their friends and the public, esp – Compasses of various sizes and of superior quality,cially Engineers, that they continue to manufacture to orker and keep for sale every description of Instruments in the above Leveling Instruments, large and small sizes, with high mag-branches, which they can furnish at the shortest notice, and on warranted. nifying powers with glasses made by Troughton, together with fair terms. Instruments repaired with care and promptitude. a large assortment of Engineering Instruments, manufactured ENGINEERING AND SURVEYING For proof of the high estimation on which their Surveying Instruments are held, they respectfully beg leave to tender to the public perusal, the following certificates from gentlemen of distinguished scientific attainments, AN INTERESTING AND USEFUL MAP. A friend of ours has now in a state of forwardness, a To Ewin & Heatte-Agreeably to your request made some monthe since, 1 now offer you my opinion of the Instruments Map upon which will be delineated nearly all the RailThe subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments in made at your establishment, for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads now chartered in the U. States. It is designed to show his profession, warranted equal, if not superiot, in principles of road Company. This opinion would have been given at a much the present contemplated connexion of the different lines,tured in the United States; several of which are entirely new: a longer time for the trial of the Instruments, so that I could construction and workmanship to any imported or manufac-earlier periou, but was intentionally delayed, in order to afford as well as where others may hereafter be constructed to among which are an Improved Compass, with a Te.escope at speak with the greater confidence of their merits, if such they should be found to possess. connect with them. It will be completed in a few weeks,ached, by which angles can be taken with or without the use of the needle, with perfect accuracy also, a Railroad Goniomand may be had either in sheets, or put up in morocco foret-r, with two Telescope and a Levelling Instruinent, with a pocket maps, in any quantity, by applying to the subscri- Goniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpe-ies are considered good, I have a decided preference for those NOTICE TO MANUFACTURERS. In reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manu SIMON FAIRMAN, of the village of Lansingburgh, in the county of Rensselaer, and state of New-York, has invented factured by thee, now in use on the Ba'timore and Ohio Rail I can with confidence recommend them as being worthy the and put in operation a Machine for making Wrought Nailroad. Iheerfully furnish thee with the following information with square points. This machine will make about sixty 64 The whole number of Levels now in possession of the depart.otice of Companies engaged in Internal Improvements, who nails, and about forty 100 nails in a minute, and in the same ment of construction of thy make is seven. The whole nummay require Instruments of superior work nianship. proportion larger sizes, even to spikes for shies. The nail is elusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and Gra ber of the Improved Compass" is eight. These are all ex- Superintendent of Construction of the Baltimore and Ohio banimered and comes from the machine completely heated to Juation Department. redness, that its capacity for being clenched is good and sure. One borse power is sufficient to drive one machine, and may easily be applied where such power for driving machinery is in operation Said Fairman will make, vend and warrant ma chines as above, to any persons who may apply for them as soon as they may be ma ie, and on the most reasonable terms. He also desires to sell one half of his patent right for the use of said machines throughout the United States. Any person desiring further information, or to purchase, will please to call at the machine shop of Mr. John Humphrey, in the village of Lan Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have on this Road. of your Manufacture, particularly Spirit levels, and survey or's Compasses; and take pleasure in expressing my opinion of the excellence of the workmanship. The parts of the levels appeared well proportioned to secure facility in use, and accuracy and permanency in adjustments. These instruments seemed to me to possess all the modern improvement of construction, of which so many have been will give every satisfaction when used in the field. made within these few years; and I have no doubt but they telescope, in place of the vane sights, leaves the engineer This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing carcely any thing to desire in the formation or convenience of WILLIAM HOWARD, U. S. Civil Engineer. TOWNSEND & DURFEE, of Palmyra, Manu the Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to later Baltimore, May 1st, 1833. facturers of Railroad Rope, having removed their establish al angles of any simple and cheap instrument that I have ye To Messrs Ewin and Heartte-As you have asked me to give ment to Hudson, under the rame of Durfee, May & Co. offer to seen, and I cannot but believe it will be preferred to all others my opinion of the merits of those instruments of your manu. supply Rope of any required length (without splice) for in-now in ue for laying of rails-and in fact, when known, I think tacture which I have either used or examined, I cheerfully state clined planes of Railroads at the shortest notice, and deliver it will be as highly appreciated for common surveying. that as far as my opportunities of my becoming aquainted with them in any of the principal cities in the United States. As to Respectfully thy friend, their qualities have gone, I have great reason to think well of the quality of Rope, the public are referred to J. B. Jervis, Eng. JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendant of Construction the skill displayed in their construction. The neatness of their M. & H. R. R. Co., Albany or James Archibald, Engineer of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. workmanship has been the subject of frequent remark by my Hudson and Delaware Canal and Railroad Company, Carbon Philadelphia, February, 1833. self, and of the accuracy of their performance I have received dale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Having for the last two years made constant use of Mr.atisfactory assurance from others, whose opinion I respect, Hudson, Columbia county, New-York, Young's Patent Improved Compass," I can safely say I be and who have had them for a considerable time in use. The January 29, 1833. lieve it to be much superior to any other instrument of the kind, efforts you have made since your establishment in this city, to now in use, and as such most cheerfully recommend it to En relieve us of the necessity of sending elsewhere for what we gineers and Surveyors. E. H. GILL, Civil Engineer. may want in our line, deserve the unqualified approbation and Germantown, February, 1833. our warm encouragement. Wishing you all the success which For a year past I have used Instruments made by Mr. W. J. your enterprize so well merits, I remain, yours, &c. Young, of Philadelphia, in which he has combined the properB. H LATROBE, ties of a Theodolite with the common Level. F3 if TO RAILROAD COMPANIES. PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE, of Philadelphia, will undertake to build CARS that will carry along their own railway, and may be used on level M'Adam roads. They will pave ten millions of money to be wasted on 1000 miles of iron railroads to be laid in the United States within a few years and dispense with tracks and double tracks. These Cars may be drawn by horses or steam. He claims to have discovered them ever since 1825, by his caveats filled in the Patent Office Apply, post paid, S1 RJ M M & F CANALS. Canal Tolls and Canal Navigation.-The aggre. gate amount of tolls received upon all the canals of the state for the month of August, is $147,945: exceeding the amount made during the same month last year, by the sum of $58,266. The revenne derived from tolls, from the opening of navigation, to the first of September, is greater by more than one hundred and fifty-eight thousand dollars, than it was during the same months of 1832: and exceeds by about $100,000 the receipts for the like period in 1831. The Cholora had a serious effect in diminishing the tolls for July and August of last year. There is every indication of an active and extensive fall business, and it is now certain that the tolls of this year compared with last, will show an increase of a hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and it would not be surprising if the increase should come up to two hundred thousand.-[Albany Argus.] this State, to the Western States, and indirectly, but unquestionably, to the Union at large, of these great New York channels of intercommunication. We derive from the Argus some additional particulars, which will interest all readers. It has already been stated in this paper, that the tolls on the Erie Canal, both on the ascending and de A. C. FLAGG, Comptroller. Wayne, via the Maumee, Indiana; to Nashville and ing known to the stockholders the terms on which MARRIAGES. Rev. Dr. Hawks, WILLIAM WINNE, of Albany, to JANE M. DEATHS. It is impossible to look at the facts here hastily At Brooklyn, L. I., this morning, (Sept. 9) GEORGE HENRY, REDEMPTION OF ERIE AND CHAMPLAIN CANAL COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE, At Staten Island Sept. 4th, Mr. James Parsons, of Georgia On Sunnay inst, Jos. Levy, in the 44th year of his age. Yesterday, Rufus A. son of Chas. W. Davenport, aged seven years, seven months and twelve days. Last evening, at New Town, L. I. near Halletts Cove, WIL AM, son of Thomas R. Lawrence, in the 6th year of his age. Of Yellow Fever, at sea, on board the Condordia. from New Orleans, on the 2d inst. Charles Card, aged 21, son of William Card, Esq. of this city. On Wednesday, of consumption, Elizabeth Harbinson, in the 47th year of her age. On Saturday evening, Mrs. MIRIAM BUNKER, wife of Elihu S. Bunker, aged 58 years. On Saturday evening, of diarrhea, JosEPH HARDCASTLE, York. aged 35 years, son of Joshua Hardcastle, ancient printer of New At his residence, on the 7th instant, after a long and painful illness, JOHN LEVITT HARRIS, Esq., (nephew of Levitt Harris, Esq., American Chargé at Paris,) Mayor of the city of Burling- LINNEAN BOTANIC GARDEN AND NURSERIES. ́ WILLIAM PRINCE & SONS announce to all the pro It is requested that all orders be sent direct per mail, and OUR CANALS.-We republished yesterday from the Albany Argus a brief paragraph, stating the receipts from tolls on the Canals of this State during the month of August, with comparative statements from and up to the same period in other years, showing a constantly increasing and flourishing business. In anoThe holders of the New-York state stock issued ther column will be found a circular issued by the for the construction of the Erie and Champlain caComptroller of the State, to the holders of Canal nals, are informed that the commissioners of the castocks redeemable in 1837, offering a premium fornal fund are now ready to pay off and cancel the stockton, N. J., in the 46th year of his age. such portion of those stocks as the holders may be which is redeemable in 1837. tempted at once to realize. Even these two publi-surrender it and receive payment therefor, four years As an inducement to the holders of this stock to cations, however, significant as they are, fail to give before the period fixed for this redemption, the com. an adequate notion of the real and growing value to missioners offer to pay a premium of five per cent. upon the five per cent stock, and a premium of eight per cent upon the six per cent stock of 1837. prietors of nurseries and to those who wish to establish new Nurthe said stock which shall be transferred to the com-bursement. We wish also to make known to all venders of These premiums will be paid upon any amount of series, that they will furnish all articles desired at a liberal discount, and a credit that will allow time for advantageous reimmissioners on the first day of October next, or on the seeds, and to those who desire to undertake such business, that first day of January, 1834, after the holdiers shall we will furnish every variety of Vegetable, Field and Flower have received the quarter's interest due on those advantage of being raised under our own observation, or, when Seeds, in quantities, at very low rates. These seeds possess the days respectively: Or the commissioners will pay imported, of being tested to our satisfaction, and the accuracy the premiums before stated, together with the cur and vitality of the Seeds is expressly guarantied. A number of scending freight, had been reduced at the commence-rent interest upon the stock from the preceding quartalogue, which have never before been offered to the public. new and choice varieties of Vegetables will be found in the ca ment of the season. The reduction on the articles ter day, to the day of the purchase, for any amount Bulbous Flower Roots and Dahlias, which are easily transportconstituting the principal descending trade, such as which shall be transferred to them at any time be.ed, and vended in a dry state, can be supplied to any extent at fere the first day of January next. rates that will afford a large profit to the retailer. Every person four, salted provisions, butter, cheese, wheat, &c., already engaged, or who desires to engage in the sale of the The holders of the Erie and Champlain canal above articles, will. on application, receive all the information was equal to 29 per cent. on former rates; that on stock are reminded that the surplus moneys now in requisite to the object in view, and such an establishment ought the ascending trade, chiefly composed of more valua. the hands of the commissioners are by the constituto exist in every town in the Union. The new catalogues, with reduced prices and extensive additions to every department, ble but less bulky merchandize, was equal to 14 1.2 tion of the state, pledged to reimburse the principal will be forwarded to all applicants, and the present period is of this stock, and cannot be diverted from that ob. particularly suitable for forming arrangements in anticipation per cent. Notwithstanding these reductions, the inject. It is therefore morally certain, that on the of the fall business. A liberal credit will be allowed on Seeds, crease of the tolls exceeds $157.000-thus furnishing Mulberry, Luzerne, white Dutch Clover, Ray or Rye Grass, Bulbous Roots, &c. A large quantity of seed of white Italiau another instance of the swelling of revenue by the yellow Locust for timber, now on hand. diminution of duties. The transportation on the Canals grows so rapidly, however,—and great as it is, it is yet far from the extent it must reach, unless TO STEAMBOAT COMPANIES. repelled by want of accommodation and facilities,PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE, of Philadelphia, offers that great inconvenience is already experienced from to sink, even by the bursting of boilers, or striking agai. st delays at the locks. The holders of this stock will perceive that ifags, sawyers and rocks. This will save many boats, much "The constant use of the locks they can re-invest their money at four per cent. it property, and the lives of hundreds every year. Those who night and day,” says the Argus, "has not been suffi- will be for their interest to sell at the premiums serted by the public as unmindful of safety. Apply, post paid. neglect this easy improvement, deserve to be neglected and decient to pass all the floats, without a delay which is now offered. The surplus canal funds upon which vexatious and expensive." There must be a double the commissioners are drawing for the redemption of set of locks, and that soon; for time is money, and re-an interest to the state of 3 1-2 and 4 1-2 per cent. It this stock, are deposited in sundry banks, and yield duced tolls will be counteracted, and the benefit of them be lost, if what is saved in pecuniary expense be counterbalanced by long delay. It is contemplated, and very wisely we apprehend, by a simultaneous proceeding in Ohio and in this State, to reduce the rates of The commissioners readily admit, what must toll levied in each State on merchandize, 25 per cent. be inferred from the high premium offered, that they This will add greatly to the ascending trade of the are very anxious to apply the money in their hands Erie Canal, and present an additional reason for stock. In making a small apparent sacrifice to efto the redemption of the Erie and Champlain canal doubling the set of locks; because, such a trade can fect this object, the state gets rid of the hazard in. only be secured through this channel, by the greater cident to the management of three or four millions despatch and certainty with which merchandize will of dollars; and by gradually possessing itself of the thus reach its various destinations in the far West.stock of 1837, the serious pressure upon all the mo. Delay in this instance would be fatal to transportation. might result from allowing the canal moneys to acnied operations of the state will be avoided, which How various are the points in the western and south-cumulate in the state banks-to be diffused by themiladelphia, begun in the spring of 1932, with wood cute, &c western States already reached through the Erie through every department of business-and then to Canal, will appear from this paragraph of the Argus of three and a half millions of dollars, for the re. be drawn for on the 1st of July, 1837, to the amount We are immed that goods, coming from New-demption of the stock then payable. York, have been shipped the present season from These and other considerations have induced the wines, with 8 figures. 25 cents. Albany to Galena, Pekin, Peoria, and Lower Alton, commissioners of the canal fund to offer so large a in the State of Illinois; to Paris, Maysville, Peters-premium for the redemption of the canal stock of burgh, Louisville, and Lexington, Kentucky; to Chi-1837; and they have supposed that this object might cago and Green Bay, Michigan Territory; to Fort be promoted by giving this explanation, and by mak. : first of July, 1837, the entire sum which shall re- will readily be seen that the situation of the surplus his services to render steamboats combustible, and not able SIR JMM & F INCOMBUSTIBLE ARCHITECTURE. all kinds devised or built in New York, or any part of the and not liable to sink, at a small expense. For sale, 10,000 lbs. of ANTIGNIS, or Incombustible Var- 5th street. Apply to C. S. RAFINESQUE, Professor of Hist. and Nat. Sciences, Chemist, Architect, &c. in Philadelphia, No. 59 North chanics' Magazine; Messrs. Rushton & Aspinwall, Druggists. A pamphlet given gratis. References in Now-York.-Mr. Minor, Editor of the Me Editors in the city or country, copying this advertisement, will receive a commission on any contract procured by their means. FOR SALE, SIR JMM & F ATLANTIC JOURNAL AND FRIEND OF KNOW. MANUAL OF AMERICAN VINES, and Art of Making A9 J M & F. AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] CONTENTS: Tonnewanda Railroad; Utica and Schenectady Rail- Undulating Railways....... Report of the Engineer in Chief of the Ithaca and Owego 594 .595 .597 .598 Meteorological Records, New-York and Avoylle Ferry.600 Local Statistics of Philadelphia; Cotton Manufactures.601 Literary Notices... Foreign Intelligence ..604 Summary; Advertisements; Marriages, Deaths, &c.605-8 ...602 AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. NEW-YORK, SEPTEMBER 21, 1833. [VOLUME II.-No. 38. now entirely dry; the soil being similar to[[ they are equilibrated when the pressure very little more labor will be made as substan-is not proper for sustaining much weight near SHIP CANAL.-The ship canal, which has proach very nearly to the curve of equilibrium been constructed by Major G. Camp, for in the case proposed. It is true, as mathemaMessrs. W. Peacock, of Maysville, Chatauque ticians have demonstrated, that a conic section co., Evans, of this city, and Guinn, of Batavia, may be made to pass through five given points; was filled with water on Friday last. It is an extensive and valuable work, and presents another evidence of the enterprise of the owners TONNE WANDA RAILROAD. We understand of real estate in Buffalo, and of the great and that the following gentlemen were elected Di-growing advantages of the place.-[Buffalo rectors of this road, and that the route will be Journal.] immediately surveyed. The character of the Directors guarantees the energetic and satisfactory prose-cution of the work. Attica-Gaius B. Rich. Batavia-David E. Evans, James Brisbane, Caledonia-Willard H. Smith. and when those points are taken in the flanks, P denote the rise, q the half span, and h the thickness at the crown, including the thickness of the ring of the arch and the matter above, reduced to a homogeneous mass. The following is then the well known equation of the curve of equilibrium with a horizontal roadway: y=qx Log. {x+h+x2+2hx|--Log.h On the Construction of Curves for Arches. By J. S. VAN DE GRAAFF. To the Editor of the American Railroad Journal. SIR,-An article in the 34th number of the American Railroad Journal, on the construction of curves for arches, contains a method of constructing an elliptical segment, which will not vary essentially from the true curve of equilibrium with a horizontal roadway. This sub- Log. {p+h+p+2hp-Log. h ject, perhaps, requires a more full investigaThe Directors of the Utica and Schenectady tion; for notwithstanding the curve of equili- corresponding to any given values of the coNow, in producing a coincidence of curves, Railroad Company have made choice of Mr.brium, in the case proposed, is well known to ordinates x, y, it will be found that the equiliWm. C. Young, the late capable engineer of the Saratoga Railroad, and Mr. Hopkins, now the scientific engineer, yet that curve is seldom brium will be most complete when x=3p very engaged on the Raritan and Delaware Canal, employed in practice, even in the arches of nearly; in which case, taking A to represent in New-Jersey, as engineers of the Company.large culverts, which support a heavy pressure have y2=q2xA; and, therefore, when a dethe logarithmic part of the above equation, we These engineers, we understand, will com- of embankments, in consequence of the difficul- notes the semi-transverse axis of the required mence the survey of the road the present week, and will probably complete it this fall, or inty of construction. And I know of no author ellipse, we have by con. sec., time to put the work under contract, and com- who has given so accurate an approximation mence the grading as early in the spring as of the true curve, as that by means of an ellippracticable.-[Schenectady Whig.] tical segment, which may be easily constructed. pany. PORTSMOUTH RAILROAD.-The first division 2 2 2p 5 From this formula the transverse axis of the required ellipse becomes known, and the conjugate may then be had without difficulty. It : : q2 : qa × A2; We understand, says the Albany Argus, that Wm. I am, therefore, induced, in consideration of which produces the following formula, C. Bouck, Esq., declines the appointment of Commis. the practical utility of this subject, to present 25 A24 sioner of the Utica and Schenectady Railroad Com.to you the following investigation for the maa=px50 A3-20 thematical readers of your Journal, with a hope that it will, if possible, elicit from them a conof this work embraces the distance from Ports-venient and more perfect arch than the segment mouth to Suffolk, 16 miles, which was com-here proposed. menced last spring at each extremity. The It is a fact easily demonstrated, that no curve Directors are satisfied that the sixteen miles of the parabolic kind is well suited for the arch now under way will be completed much below the estimates of Col. Crozet. About the centre of a large culvert, which is to sustain a heavy of the 16 miles the road passes over the edge pressure with a horizontal roadway. For the of the Dismal Swamp, a distance of three miles,"general equation of such curves being x a ym, will be found that this value of the semi- VUS. UNDULATING RAILWAYS.--Our readers willtion by the degree of inclination. In the Rus-man who, determining to erect a water-mill, probably recollect an article published in the san ice hills, the first, from which the sleigh were first to erect a wind-mill or steam engine Journal some months since, from the London starts, is of a given height; the second dimi- to pump up the water necessary for his waternishes; the third also, and so on until the level wheel. There are, I believe, water-mills in Athenæum, holding forth the superiority, or atce is attained. Were all the hills of the same some of the mining districts which are supplied least equality, of Undulating Railways. We height, the sleigh would descend the first, part- from the pumps worked by engines, but then are now enabled to refer again to the subject,ly ascend the second, and then oscillate for a the power of the engines is not expended for (which we have heretofore been prevented from me between both until it stopped. The reason the purpose of getting rid of a stream of water. that the sleigh moves at all, that it possesses The power got out of the water afterwards was doing by the non-arrival of our English Maga- the power of mot. on, is, that it is removed from first put into it by the engines, and the saving zines,) by giving a series of communications a lower to a higher level, and the tendency of that power by using it for the water-mill, is anfor and against it, from the London Mechanics ts gravitating power is to reach the lowest-alogous to the process of the soap-makers, who Magazine, from which it will be perceived that as the case with water, which has the advan- boil down their waste ley to recover the alkasome change of opinion, relative to the truth of age of being of a more mobile substance. li it may contain; but they do not make waste But what places the sleigh in the situation to ley for the purpose of getting the alkali out of Mr. BADNALL's theory, has been effected. use this power, or rather what confers the it. The power of the water-mill is commonly The Undulating Railway. By JUNIUS REDIVI-power upon it? The animal power, either of but a very small proportion of that of the engines [From the London Mechanics' Maga-human hands or horses' shoulders which has which supply it, because the descent of the zine for March.] been communicated to it, and which, doubtless, fluid is much less than its ascent. Were it to SIR, I have been casually informed that f means were taken to ascertain it, would be fall on the wheel from a height equal to that there is exhibiting somewhere about town, a found to be exactly equivalent to the power put from which it was pumped up, the power of model of an undulating railway, whereby the forth in surmounting the hills, with the excep- the engine and the power of the water-wheel inventor undertakes to convince the public that tion of the loss by friction, i. e. the animal pow-would be nearly equal, the friction of the pump the antique notion of level surfaces being the er applied in the first instance would have being taken into account. best adapted for wheel carriages is entirely served to draw the sleigh on level ground as Whatever the proprietor of the undulating wrong; and, of course, if his position be cor- great a distance-I mean, over as many yards railway may think, 'power' cannot be self-gerect, the road surveyors have wasted a pretty of surface-as it traversed on the hills. There-nerated. A man who is in a valley cannot get considerable quantity of money,' to make roads fore, in this case, there would be no gain of up into a mountain without labor of some kind; worse than they were before, by levelling the power, or of any thing but amusement. and whether the ascent to the mountain be a hills, which ought to be restored without delay. The late Mr. Bentham was accustomed to straight inclined plane, or a number of undulaBut the inventor of the undulating railway is say, in a jocular manner, that when he made tions, will matter very little; but what diffeby no means an originator. The Russian ice-a world, it should be all down hill. Now, such rence of labor there is will be in favor of the hills on the Neva, for the amusement of the a contrivance would be admirable for dimi-former. When the boy makes his marble sleighers in the winter season, formed of board-nishing friction, if there were any arrangement bound on the pavement, there is no saving of ed scaffolds, overlaid with blocks of ice, are whereby we might always be at the top. If labor to him, because it happens to bound three much more ancient, and the Montagnes Russes the new invented railway were contrived so times with one exertion of his muscles He is of the Champs Elysees, which served for sum-that it might be constantly down hill, or over obliged to exert so much the more power. The mer amusement to the youths and maidens at diminishing hills, there is no doubt that much proposition to gain power by making a carParis, (the King of Prussia inclusive,) some friction might be avoided; but by what process riage go up hill and down hill, instead of on a fifteen years back, were railroads of something are we to get to the top to begin again? There level, reminds me of a scheme I once saw of a of the same nature as that now proposed. But is but one answer-by labor got out of animals, self-moving carriage, which was to go on as soon the proposer of the present undulating railway or steam. And what would be the increase of as it was loaded; and the greater the load the fasthas stumbled upon a fallacy, which possibly work up hill? What was gained one wayer it was to travel. The ingenious inventor may deceive himself, but which ought not to be would be lost by the other. I say nothing of had heard talk of a wheel within a wheel, and suffered to deceive the barren spectators' the mischief resulting both to cattle and en-he literally put it into practice-small wheels amongst the public, because all such fallacies gines by the irregular motion. But we will being contrived to run on a rail within a peri serve to inflict mischief upon the really useful suppose the railway an average level, i. e. the phery of large ones, both before and behind a inventors, by getting them classed under the in-undulations to be all alike, what possible ad- four-wheeled vehicle, and so fixed, by means vidious name of schemers,' which ought pro-vantages can it have over a straight and regu- of guides, that the weight was pressing on the perly to be confined to the plotters of absurdi-lar surface? It has been shown that to get the rim of the large wheels, at a considerable ties alone. momentum of the high level, the power must||height above the ground, in expectation of makThere can be no doubt that a carriage placed be, so to speak, put into it,' i. e. it must be ing them revolve. The inventor had entirely on the top of a hill of sufficient inclination will applied before hand, just as the steam of an en- forgotten that while the large wheel was pressdescend with so much momentum as to drive gine is got up' to start with effect, or as is ed down hill, the small one had to travel up it partly up a second hill of the same height said of a horse who has been off work a few hill, and consequently that it was no go." and inclination, or over a hill of considerably days, his go is bottled up.' When the car. Perfectly similar is the undulating railway. If less height and inclination. rage on the undulating railway has reached as the eight-wheeled vehicle could have moved at There can be no doubt, also, that a fly-wheel, far up the second ascent as the momentum all, it might have been running even unto this put in motion, will continue to revolve for some will drive it, how much power must be put on day; and if up hill and down hill versus level time after the original moving power ceases to to carry it up the remainder of the ascent were a clear gain, it might be improved on till act on it; but it is a woeful error to suppose Probably as much as it would have taken to animal and machine power might be dispensed that either the fly-wheel or the carriage can perform the distance of two undulations on with, and the railway locomotive power of generate additional power of their own. I once level road. every man might reside in his own fingers. heard a story of an Irish schemer, who had de- The Montagnes Russes of Paris were form. We have not come to that yet. We may exvised a plan for increasing the power of a ten-ed in a circle, and consisted of one descent and ert a great quantity of power in various ways, horse engine to that of fifty, by means of an one ascent. The descent was steeper than the it is true, but no more power can come out of enormous fly-wheel. Finding a flat,' he was ascent, yet the impetus, or momentum, only a thing than we put into it. If we wind up a set to work; and when he had, after some dif-served to carry the car one third up the ascent, jack, or a clock, or a watch, the amount of ficulty, succeeded in casting his enormous when it was hooked by an endless band, work- power which have been rapidly given is slowly wheel, he expended much money in fitting up led by horse power below, and drawn to the expended-that is the whole process; but a an apparatus to turn and polish it all over, to top. Now, the power applied by the horses in man would be laughed at who were to assert prevent the loss of power by friction in the at. drawing that car to the top, was probably equi- that the power we had given to the machines mosphere with a rough surface! Much time valent to the power which would have been increased in quantity while in their progresbeing lost, the proprietor, who was at all the exerted in drawing the car the whole distance sion; and thus should the man be laughed at expense, became impatient, and then there was on level ground, difference of friction excepted. who asserts that the power of a horse or ma another delay to know how the wheel was to The fact is, that in all cases the same quantity chine is multiplied by going up and down hill. be stopped, with all its giant power. This of power must be consumed to drag a wheel Since writing the above I have caused inquihaving been arranged, both schemer and pro-carriage up to a given height. If the ascent ries to be made at the place of exhibition, and prietor were much astonished to find that it be steep, a large amount of power is requisite am informed that the inventor has gone to would not go at all. The proposition to get for a short time. If the ascent be gradual, a Birmingham, I think, for the purpose of setadditional power, or save power, by means of small amount of power will be requisite for a ting his scheme going on an undulating railan undulating surface, savors much of a perpe- longer time. The total will be equal. Increase way of three miles in length, to try it on a tual motion scheme. It is clear that what is of speed is loss of power, and vice versa; yet, large scale. I am, sir, yours, &c., called momentum in falling bodies, can be noth. strange to say, there are numerous unthinking JUNIUS REDIVIVUS. ing more than gravitation, whereby all bodies people who believe that by making a simple The Undulating Railway. By J. W. N. BADhave a tendency to get as near as they can to machine complicated, as in the case of this the centre of theearth, and the heaviest have the railroad, they actually multiply their power: NALL. [From the London Mechanics' Magazine for April.} most success. The momentum of the carriage as if an accelerated motion down hill were not in going down hill is in proportion to the height balanced by 'an up hill to ascend in turn. which it is raised, and the diminishing of fric-ll The process is somewhat similar to that of a a SIR, I should not have considered it worth my while to have noticed the letter contained in your last number on the subject of the un As an occasional contributor to your publication, and as a constant reader of it from its commencement, I feel little doubt of your doing me the justice to publish this letter with as little delay as possible. dulating railway,' and signed Junius Redivi-say one ton, traversing a curve 100 yards in ||(between the road bed at the foot of the inclined vus,' had it not been accompanied by some re- extent, whose descending and ascending lines plane and that obtained for it at the head of that marks of your own, which I feel it necessary incline from the summit level at an average plane) to be overcome by stationary power. to reply to. angle of 2210, and upon a horizontal line of After having thus ascertained that the elevalike surface, drawn direct from summit to sum-tion for the road bed at the head of the inclined mit? planes, could, at most, be only reduced to 511 Secondly, What would be the difference in feet above the Ithaca flats, the next object to the velocity, or (in other words) in the time, be attended to was the selection of the most which the same body would require to traverse eligible grades for descending the Ithaca hill I am the inventor and patentee of the undu- such curve and such horizontal line, supposing with these planes. lating railway, models of which have recently it to commence upon the latter at a maximum The Ithaca, or South hill, upon the face of been exhibited at Manchester and in London, velocity of five yards per second, and to com- which these inclined planes must of necessity and (however extraordinary it may appear to mence the descending line and mount the sum-be constructed, is composed of gray wacke, of your correspondent) have engaged the anxious mit of the ascending line of the curve at the the slaty variety, mostly of a loose, friable texattention and investigation of some of the most same velocity? ture, with occasional veins of a compact texscientific men in this kingdom; men who, in- When these questions are answered satis-ture, suitable for mason work, which approachstead of adopting the ungracious and undigest-factorily to your scientific readers, I will enteres in places to within one foot of the surface of ed conclusions of Junius Redivivus,' have not further into the practicability of my plan, and I the ground. considered it a waste of time to endeavor, by hope I shall not find it difficult to prove that the This circumstance made it the more needful formula, diagram, and figures, to resolve the adoption of a succession of curves upon a rail- to obtain, if practicable, such a location as refacts which impartial experiments on a small way, whose summits are of equal altitude, for quired only a moderate depth of excavation. scale have so fully developed. the purpose of saving power by the more eco- Much care was taken in the examination of To convince you, sir, that I am not an indi-nomical use of steam, and increasing velocity, this hill to obtain that object; and lines were vidual who, as a plotter of absurdities,' wishes to is not the only useful object of my invention run, and levels taken over it, from Mr. M'Corimpose upon public credulity, I have not hesi- but that it especially applies to the rising of in-mick's mill, the Ithaca Hotel, and Mr. Pelton's tated to risk any mechanical reputution which clined planes, and to the prevention of excava- quarry, on the east, to the deep ravine of a may have earned, by publishing a treatise on tion and embankments in many instances; mile to the west of Cayuga street. the subject of the railway in question, a copy while by the adoption of even occasional single Levels of contours of the hill were also taken of which I had requested my publishers, curves the carriages may proceed under or over at every five or ten feet in elevation, and other Messrs. Sherwood, Gilbert, & Piper, to send public roads, canals, &c. which might other- lines, amounting together to many miles, were to you. In the short work alluded to, I have wise prove serious obstacles to railway lines, also surveyed and levelled. In this manner the ventured upon a mathematical explanation of and across valleys, which might also prove elevation was obtained of the whole face of the the cause of the advantage derivable from the sources of immense expense. hill, and that, too, at points on every important adoption of undulating instead of horizontal The esteem with which I have always re-change of its surface. railways. To that reasoning I beg to call your garded your useful publication, induces me to By means of information thus obtained, vaattention, and in the mean time permit me to take a trouble on this occasion which the unce-rious routes and grades were projected and exassure you that I shall not for one instant de remonious, and occasionally uncourteous, re-amined, for the purpose of connecting the road fend a fallacy, if any of your correspondents marks of your correspondent Junius Redivi- upon the Ithaca flats with that at the head of will undertake to establish one. I cannot, how-vus' do not, in my opinion, merit. If he can, both inclined planes, among which are the fol ever, bring myself to believe, although some however, prove the fallacy under which I labor,lowing: 'barren spectators,' as your correspondent he will not be doing a greater service to the 1st. An ascending grade of 4° 18', or one terms them, may be inclined to found their faith public than to J. W. N. BADNALL. foot rise in 13 feet of base, (3657 feet per on the empty assertions of Junius Redivivus,' P. S.--The line of road upon which, through mile,) was traced along the northern acclivity adorned as they are by corresponding remarks the kindness of Mr. Giles, the engineer, I hope of the Ithaca hill: beginning at a point in the on ice hills,' Russian mountains,' polished first to try the practical effect of my principle, excavation made by this company in 1830, at fly-wheels, perpetual motion,' new fashion- whether on the level or up inclined planes, is the foot of that hill, and near Messrs. Collins & ed water-wheels,' &c. &c., that such arguments the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. The re- Huntington's brewery, and running thence will in any degree satisfy the inquiring minds sult will, I have no doubt, prove that the Rain-south-easterly to near the summit of the hill, of the great number of scientific men of de-hill and Sutton inclined planes, which are now intersected the present line of railroad 21% miles clared reputation who have witnessed the experi- the leading obstacles on the Liverpool and Man- from its northerly termination. ments-who have considered them worthy of chester line, may be ascended with a facility The most eligible route that could be obtainreflection-and who, as yet, have not made me which has not hitherto been contemplated. ed for this grade was a very circuitous one, acquainted with the error into which, if your [We have not yet received the explanatory and required heavy embankments and deep opinion and your correspondent's be correct, pamphlet to which Mr. Badnall alludes, nor cuttings through rock; its straight lines were I must (very innocently, I assure you,) have have we yet had an opportunity of seeing the short; the radii of its curves were small, and model of his invention in operation. We can, the line passed over several streets and roads I have recently requested the model engine therefore, say nothing at present either by way and through the small settlement or place callto be returned to the Adelaide Rooms in Lon-of retraction or confirmation of the opinion ed "Michigan," where several valuable builddon. You will, I hope, do me the honor to ex- we have expressed on the subject. When we ings must have been removed. amine the experiments carefully, and if you gave that opinion, we were not aware that Mr. find that a much greater velocity is attainable Badnall was the patentee of the undulating upon an undulating line with a given power railway'; and we most freely confess that if than upon a horizontal line with the same any one thing could shake our incredulity repower, and that greater weights can be convey-specting it more than another, it would be the ed upon one line than upon the other, I trust to circumstance of its having a gentleman of his your candor to make such declaration, or to talents. information, and experience, for its aushow mathematically wherein the deception or thor.-ED. M. M.] fallacy consists. fallen. Junius Redivivus' argues as if I talked of generating power upon an undulating line. It is enough if I prove that it can be economized, or that greater loads can be carried, and a greater velocity be attained, than upon a horizontal line with equal locomotive power. Report of the Engineer in Chief of the Ithaca The whole length of the inclined planes required to overcome this elevation (on this grade) would have been 7,920 feet, and would have required a proportionate length and weight of rope, number of friction rollers, persons to attend and give telegraphic signals, &c. The great cost to be incurred in the first construction and future repairs of a railway made on this line and grade for an inclined plane at this place, would have been an insurmountable obstacle to its adoption by this company, even [Continued from page 580.] if no regard were had to the injury that would INCLINED PLANES.-By referring to the an- have been done to property at, and in the vicini. nexed tables it will be seen that the line thus ty of, Michigan; the interruption to travel by the selected as the most eligible route that could be almost inaccessible public bridges that must I should indeed be less deserving than I feel obtained, instead of descending the whole dis- have been built at the numerous streets and roads myself of the compliment paid me, in your au-tance of 6 miles on one regular grade, and crosssing the track of railway on that side hill, tographical plate, by the enrolment of my name that, too, the maximum descent, the line adopt-at an elevation above, or depression below, the among the names of men with whom I never ed is carried on an undulating grade, from the railroad, of from 12 to 14 feet; or the increased felt that I merited such an association-and as summit northerly to the head of the inclined liability to accident from the breakage of cara civil engineer, a most unworthy member of planes, in which distance the descent of the ropes upon an inclined plane with such abrupt the profession which I have recently embraced, grade northerly exceeds its ascent 77 feet; and, curves; or the cost of communicating by bell or were I to endeavor, first to palm a fallacy up-to that amount, reduces the elevation to be by other signals such a distance, and over such on the public, and afterwards to insult science overcome; which being deducted from the ele- ground; the time of connecting or disconnecting by endeavoring to establish that fallacy by false vation of the grade for the road bed at the sum- the cars from the rope at the head or foot of the reasoning. mit, (600 feet,) leaves 523 feet for the elevation plane, or the increased liability to interruption By way of rendering your correspondent, at the head of the inclined planes above the le-to commerce, (and consequent loss of toll,) by however, a little more instructive to your read-vel of the Cayuga Lake; by taking from this the breakage of ropes of such great length, ers, I will beg him to inform them-as before, the elevation (12 feet) of the road taken along such a circuitous route, and over First, What would be the difference in fric-bed upon the flats at the foot of the inclined so great a number of friction rollers. ion between a carriage of any given weight, planes there will be 511 feet of elevation left 2d. A good route for a part of this inclined |