manufacture of glass, with their relative portions, may be thus briefly described: 120 parts of well washed white sand purified pearl-ashes 40 35 66 13 1 66 litharge pro-immediately cracks off, leaving the globe ||straight edge, and also of repeatedly changopen at the neck. This is again introduced ing them at proper intervals until each edge into the fire by the new bar of iron, and af-is correct. Let A and B represent two steel terwards rounded on the rails of a sort of bars prepared for grinding; let us then suparm-chair. In order to detach the foot pose the edge of A to be slightly convex, and from the iron, moisture is again applied, and that of B slightly concave, or nearly straight, black oxide of manganese. it drops off. There is a final process called then by grinding A and B together the two When these materials are collected and annealling, which consists in raising the tem-edges will meet, but will not be straight, beproperly proportioned, they receive a certain perature in a separate oven, and afterwards cause the convex bar A has ground the lower amount of calcination prior to their being allowing the glass to cool gradually; it is bar B more concave, and although the two placed in the melting pot. This operation less likely to break. edges come in close contact, yet the form is is called fritting, and is performed either in Pliny attributes the invention of glass en- unchanged, and, however long the grinding small furnaces adjoining to the proper glass tirely to chance, and relates that it was first should be continued, the object could never furnace, and heated by the same fuel, after made in Syria by some mariners, who were be attained. its principal force has been expended on the driven on shore on the banks of the river But if we now take a third bar C, the edge glass pots, or else in ovens constructed for Belus; and who having occasion to make of which may be either concave or convex; the purpose. The use of this preparatory large fires on the sands, burnt the kali which if concave, and we grind A and C together, process is to discharge all moisture from the abounded on that shore; and that the alkali the edges of B and C will then be similar, and ingredients, and to drive off the carbonic of the plant uniting with a portion of the if placed against one another, the difference gas. This operation is performed gradually, sand on which the fire stood, produced the will be doubled, and can readily be perceived; and carried to the point of semi-vitrification. first stream of melted glass that had ever these two are then to be ground together, When the materials are sufficiently "fritted," been observed.-[People's Magazine.] and thus the three edges being alternately they are thrown with clean iron shovels, and reciprocally ground together, they will mutually cut down and destroy each other's imperfections, and a perfect straight edge will ultimately be produced on all the three. A B C STRAIGHT EDGES.-Among mechanics The same theory applies to the levelling of air-pump plates, and other flat surfaces in machinery where great nicety is required, and the best method of producing them is to proceed in the manner above described.[Young Mechanic.] short pro through the side opening of the furnace, stood by our readers without the engraving. * We think this description may be sufficiently underinto the glass-pots, the fire having been previously raised to its greatest intensity. When filled, the opening is closed with wet clay, excepting a small hole for examining the interior of the furnace. The mass soon begins to heave, and exhibit a mass of liquid grandeur, like the waves of the ocean on fire. During this process, samples for examination are frequently brought out by the aid of an iron rod, and the glass becomes CO-OPERATIVE LABORERS.-Many of our beautifully clear and transparent. The glass there are probably but few who do not ap-readers are no doubt aware that some wellmay now be considered as completely made, preciate the value of a good straight edge intentioned men have been endeavoring for a but it requires some time to cool down to for ascertaining the correctness of their long time to effect a great change in society, the requisite working temperature. It should work, and I presume that a description of by establishing a new arrangement, called be just soft enough to yield with ease to any the method practised, and the theory upon Co-operation, which assumes that the labor external impression, even to the force of the which it is based, will be interesting. There ers should be at the same time the capital. breath, when impelled against the glowing are doubtless many that like myself have ists. There can be no sort of objection to mass, and in that state it may be bent into thought it absurd, even when told seriously, this principle, when it is proposed to carry any required form. Such, indeed, is its tena-by good practical workmen, that it was im-it into action without any prejudice to the city, that it may be rapidly drawn into a solid possible to make one straight edge, without existing laws of property; and, no doubt, string, and wound on a reel, many miles in making three, or that one plate of an air-many of the evils of our social state might length. Having thus brought the glass to a pump could not be ground flat, unless three be removed, were all persons concerned in state fit for what is technically called "blow. were ground at the same time. the business of production to have a sort of ing," we may introduce our readers into the When I inquired the reason of this, I proprietary interest in the commodities proworkshop itself, which will be best done by could get no other explanation from my in-duced. The mistake of those who exclu the aid of a graphic illustration, and the en- formant than that such was the fact. Al-sively call themselves co-operatives, is that graved view at the head of this article will though at that time I considered the idea ri- of assuming that the love of individual proadmirably answer the purpose. In the pre-diculous, I have since discovered that my perty can be got rid of by a very sent season of the year the temperature of friend was perfectly correct, and, had he been cess of reasoning, and neglecting to avail the blowing-house would shame the hottest able to have stated the cause or theory, I themselves of the many practical modes in portions of the torrid zone, and while we feel assured I should have been convinced. which industry might be made more pronow write, we are laboring under the ener- I am aware, in the formation of straight ductive than at present, by a union of forces, vating effects of a visit, many hours back, edges, that the size must depend much upon in which the personal interests of every lawhen the thermometer stood at 140 degrees. the work to which it is to be applied, yet borer would be dependent upon the success The workmen who are represented in the some regard to the form and dimensions are of the business in which he is engaged. engraving are each engaged in one of the advisable, as there is a certain proportion There are many examples of such real cooperations essential to the manufacture of a more suitable than any other. An eminent operation already existing in the world, some common drinking glass. For this purpose English writer (Dr. Birkbeck) observes upon of which we may mention, from time to time. the operator takes a hollow tube, about four this subject, that in England they are made We shall now state a few facts regarding the feet long, called a blowing iron, and dipping of thin bars of steel, about one eighth of an mode of navigating vessels in the Mediterraneit into the melting-pot, turns it round till a inch thick, two inches broad, and should not an, by men having a common proprietorship. portion of the glass adheres to the surface.exceed three feet in length, as they will oth- With the exception of some large ships He then holds it near the ground, so that the erwise be liable to bend. that belong to wealthy merchants of Hydra, mass is extended by its own weight, and Three such pieces should be prepared by Spezzia, &c., chiefly employed in the corn blows strongly into the tube. The breath planishing, and one edge of each made as trade in the Black Sca, nearly all the Greek penetrating the red hot mass enlarges it, and straight as possible by the common means of vessels are navigated by men taking fixed it becomes an elongated sphere of the requi- filing and planing, when they are perfected shares of the profits or freights obtained. site dimensions. To separate this globe from by grinding them mutually with each other, The captain has more shares than the comthe iron tube, an assistant dips the end of a fine emery and oil being added to assist the mon men, and so has the second in comsolid rod into the glass-pot, and bringing out operation. They are finally to be finished mand, who is generally intrusted with the at its extremity some of the melted glass, with crocus martus, or a species of loam contabiliti or accounts. thrusts it immediately against the globe at well washed, to separate it from any coarse the part directly opposite the neck, so that it siliceous particles. may be firmly united. The workman then By referring to the cut at the head of our wets a small piece of iron with his mouth, article, we will attempt to show the necessity and lays it on the neck of the globe, and it "of making three, to produce one perfect When the vessel is smail and the voyage short, it is sometimes the custom for each individual to lay in his own wine and provisions; but the general practice is for the captain or the second to purchase a stock for the whole, the amount of which is put on the debtor side of the account, and at the end of the voyage subtracted from the gains made: the distribution being fairly conducted during the voyage. The same system is found nearly all over the Mediterranean. The Neapolitans, the Sicilians, and the Genoese, rarely navigate in any other way. 000; the yarn is then worked into 6,750,000 wages of the English embroiderer could square yards of power-net, 15,750,000 square hardly fall lower than they have already yards of hand-net, and 150,000 square done. Mr. F. states, that he had under his yards of fancy net, worth altogether £1,826,- eye, while writing his " Facts," some "splen245. Of raw silk there is also used about did specimens of silk bobbin-net shawls, em250,000 lbs.-value £30,000; which, when broidered with the greatest care and beauty thrown and worked into 750 square yards of by young women who had worked upon them silk net, becomes worth £65,625. The to- six weeks, for six days in the week, and The Italian captain has sometimes a share tal quantity of cotton and silk bobbin-net, an- fourteen hours a day, and had earned but in the vessel, which proportionately increases nually manufactured, is 23,400,000 square one shilling a day by such unremitted and his share in the profits. He is occasion- yards-value, £1,891,870. Of this, about anxious labor." That cheaper bread and ally, though rarely, except when the craft is one half is exported in a plain state; three freer markets would better this as well as very small, the sole proprietor; but even in eighths are sold unembroidered at home; and every other manufacture of the country, we the latter case the men are engaged just in the remaining one-eighth is embroidered in by no means, however, intend to dispute; and the same way. A small vessel called a this country, which increases the ultimate we fully concur in the view which Mr. F. "Bovo," or a "Paranza," of not more than value to £3,417,700. The total number of takes of the beneficial tendency of the twe sixty tous, not worth £150, is often held by machines employed is stated to be 4500; of great measures of reform, alluded to in the as many as six or ten different proprietors. machine owners, 1382. Of these machines, following concluding remarks: From the town of La Torre dell' Annunzi- 1000 are worked by power; and of the own- "If one million and a half sterling, or ata, in the Bay of Naples, there is a coral ers, above 1000 work in their own machines. nearly, be paid abroad for the embroidery of fishery carried on. They sometimes fish The total distribution of these machines is bobbin-net, because the rate of wages is about Sardinia, but the great place is on the stated to be as follows: In Nottingham there lower there than in this country, and if our Coast of Africa, near Bona. They leave are 1240; Old Radford, and Bloomsgrove, rate cannot and ought not to be reduced, Naples in little fleets of four, six, or eight, 240; New-Basford, 95; Beeston and Chil- while provisions are at the actual average— open boats, and availing themselves of the well, 130; Gedling, 10; Carlton, 10; Long if, also, there be any just ground to fear the fine summer season, venture right across Eaton, 10; Sandiacre, 10; Ilkestone, 45; successful competition of foreign low-priced the Mediterranean. These boats are navi- Eastwood, 10; Loughborough, 385; Wood-bobbin-net laces, even in the home market, gated on the same principle. Sometimes house, 30; Leicester, 95; Mansfield, 85;-have we not a powerful argument for the the boat is the united property of the men Sheffield, 10; Wimeswould, 25; Rudding- abolition of the tax on imported corn? It in it, who give one of their number a larger ton, 15; Tiverton, 220; Tewksbury, 50; may also be reasonably inquired why an ar. share of the profit on account of his superi- Taunton, 35; Warwick, 5; New-Radford, ticle, the demand for which has extended itor nautical skill or experience in the fishery. 140; Lenton and Middleton Place, 70; Iron self with a rapidity unexampled in the histoThe abstemious manner in which these Me- Green, 160; Old Basford and Bulwell, 55;ry of manufactures over the continents of diterranean sailors, (Italians, Greeks, Scla- New and Old Shenton, 180; Carrington, 50; Europe and America, should still be almost vonians, Spaniards, Provençales, and all,) live Arnold, 30; Stapleford, 25; Stanton by unknown eastward of the Cape of Good is astonishing. Bread, legumes, olives, salt. Dale, 5; Heanor and Loscoe, 45; Derby, 185; Hope, where it would be thought at least fish, a little maccaroni, are their sole sup- Quorndon and Montsorrel, 35; Sheepshead, equally useful and ornamental?* The fact port. They scarcely ever taste meat. 15; Donington and Kegworth, 15; Chester- of the East India Company's monopoly, it is A large portion of the shore boats that ply field, 40; Newark, 10; Costock and Leake, presumed, may be advanced as a sufficient, about the harbor at Smyrna are manned by 20; Melton Mowbray, 20; Barnstable, 180; though, to the trade of Nottingham, a very Sclavonians, from about the Bocca di Catta- Chard, 190; Isle of Wight, 80; other pla-unsatisfactory reply. For I would here ob. ro, and by our subjects the Maltese. On an ces, 195. Total, 4500. serve, that as no one can say bobbin-net may average each boat has two men; to them Prosperous as this manufacture is in its not, in the event of this monopoly ceasing to the boat belongs, and they divide their pro- general results--a prosperity the more re-stand in the way of its free export and sale, fits every evening. When an old boat is to markable, that twenty years ago there were be generally adopted in India and China, so be repaired, or a new one bought, the two not a dozen bobbin-net machines in the it is a matter of easy demonstration, that if partners club together; or sometimes, in the whole country-we regret to find that it has only every woman at the head of a family case of the purchase of a new boat, a third been attended in its progress with a good in India (say nothing of China) were to use party is admitted, who receives a given share deal of individual distress: but one square of bobbin-net a year, the of what the boat makes. "It is a lamentable fact that one-half or whole of the existing machinery of the trade, In the Italian ships such of the sailors as more of the 1100 persons specified in the full handed and worked eighteen hours a have a little money are allowed to invest it in list as owning one, two, and three machines, day, would scarcely produce a supply suffigoods, and to carry these goods with them, have been compelled to mortgage their ma- cient for that market. Worked at that rate, disposing of them as they choose at the ports chines for more than they are worth in the our production would be under thirty millions they touch at or are bound to. This is called market, and are in many cases totally insol- of yards a year, and there are upwards of the "Paccotiglia." Intelligent and prudent vent. This has chiefly arisen from the fall twenty-seven millions of mothers of families sailors often make more money this way than in prices of nets, beyond the reduction in in our Indian possessions. Were it now to by their shares in freight. prices of cotton and wages. This class of become in demand for China (and it is quite Those who have attended to this system persons having become indebted to the cot-as likely to be so as tea once was for Eng state that the sailors are deficient in disci- ton merchant, have been compelled to pay land), the quantity exported thither might pline; but they also observe that, in propor- a comparatively excessive price for the possibly be immense, the population of China tion as the men are of a steady and intelli- thread they have used, and to sell their being three times that of India. The writer gent character, this evil vanishes. It is no goods at the lowest price of the mar- of these remarks feels that the evils contemdoubt true that mutual interests can only be ket. Besides, their machines are principal-plated as likely to result from increase of ma. properly understood by men far advanced in ly narrow, and make short pieces, while the chinery, and consequent over-production, are civilization. Ignorance is always selfish. absurd system of bleaching at so much a too serious not to demand a careful and can. BOBBIN-NET TRADE.-A piece, goods of all lengths and widths, and did consideration, and is confident all will be valuable very sheet of "Facts and Calculations illustra- dressing it for so much, all widths, has convinced on reflection, that rather than at. tive of the present state of the Bobbin-net caused the new machines to be ell-wide, and tempt to decry the increase of the power of Trade," has just been published by a Mr. capable of producing long pieces, and, of production, it is far more rational, and will Felkin, of Nottingham. The results which course, to the serious disadvantage, if not utter ultimately be more successful, to draw the it presents are exceedingly curious and in ruin of the small owner of narrow machines." attention of the trade to any practicable structive. The capital employed in the trade The bobbin-net which is exported in a means of increasing the demand." is estimated to amount to £2,310,000; the plain state is embroidered chiefly in Belnumber of persons-men, women, and chil- gium, Saxony, and, until recent events, in ill-fated Poland. Mr. F. thinks that but for dren-to whom it gives employment, at 211,000. The quantity of raw cotton consumed of the work which thus falls into the hands the high rate of wages in this country, much in the trade annually is 1,600,000 lbs.-va- of foreign embroiderers would be executed TO IMITATE LEAF-GILDING ON LEATHER. o yarn, and its value increased to £500, at home; and yet, one would think that the-Take some calf-skins which have been lue, £120,000; this cotton is manufactured We can export a durable and elegant article in cotton bobbin-net at_4d. a square yard, proper for certain useful or ornamental purposes, as curtains, &c.; and another arsquare yard." ticle, used for any purposes in female dress, at 6d. the softened in water, and beat on a stone to their greatest extent whilst wet; rub the grain side of the leather with a piece of size, whilst in a state of gelly; and before this size dries, lay on a number of silver leaves. When covered with the silver leaf, the skins are to be dried till they are in a proper state for burnishing, which is performed by a piece of large fliut fixed in a wooden handle; the appearance of gold is then given to the silvered surface by covering it with a yellow varnish, or lacker, which is composed of four parts of white resin, the same quantity of common resin, two parts of gum sandarac, and two parts of aloes. These ingredients are to be melted together in an earthen vessel, and after being well mixed by stirring, twenty parts of linseed oil is to be poured in; and when the composition is sufficiently boiled to make a perfect union, and to have the consistence of a syrup, half an ounce of red lead is to be added, and the liquid passed through a flannel bag. To apply this varnish, the skins must be spread out upon a board, fastened down by nails, and exposed to the rays of the sun, and when thus warmed the white of an egg is to be spread over the silver. After it is dry the varnish is laid on which will dry in a few hours, and is very durable. This is the most Descriptios and Drawings of several varietie accompany the drawings, which you,Mr. and worth from $10 to $15 a pair; though of Fancy Pigeons. By D. F. A. [For th Editor, know to be correct, from having seen the bird from which the drawing is taken, $30 New-York Farmer.] the living specimens, and from the fact that the would not purchase. MR. EDITOR,-The productions of na branch of the fine arts, which I have long fol- The English Pouter. ture have ever been to me a delightful study lowed as a profession, qualifies me for the familiar of all pigeons. It has the most sinand doubtless is so to most of the numerou undertaking. But, perhaps, some of your gular appearance. Under its beak it has a readers of your Farmers' journal. While me readers may wish to keep them too: I will, bladder or crop, which it can at pleasure fill ditating on their endless varieties, habits, an therefore, first describe the apartment. I have with air to the enormous size of 18 inches in shapes, the mind is enlarged, and we are im chosen a large garret with windows to the circumference. They should be of a black, perceptibly led to adore the great First Cause sun. Before one of them is a cage several blue, red, or yellow color, and have a white In my early youth the fields, the woods, an feet square, made of lath and wire, so that by half moon on the front of the crop, white their numerous inhabitants, bore to me a more hoisting a window, they can take the air and flights to its wings, and white legs and familiar face than that of man. Free as th feel the rain without being able to escape. thighs: also, a few little white feathers in the air, and like its feathery race, I shunned human The room is all shelved about with boards iust form of a rose on its pinions; of whatever color abodes, and found companions in the leafy as they came from the timber yard, 18 inches the body is, the aforesaid parts must be unishade. But, alas! fate assigned me a differ one above the other, and partitioned every formly white. The red and yellow birds ent sphere, and torn from iny much loved hil three feet. In each end of these partitions is have generally white tails, but the tails being and glen I now pine in the smoke and dust of placed, for nests." a common earthen pan. 3 of the same color is preferable. These birds crowded city. A little tea-tray of earth inches high and 9 across. A little straw is are worth from $10 to $20 per pair. which my landlord calls a garden, and fo placed in each, for some will rot make their The Almond Jamble. This is a most which he makes me pay an extra rent, I have nests. These partitions are all white-washed splendid little bird, being the smallest of the long neglected-for it made me melancholy with thick lime and water, to make all look domestic pigeons; they are spotted all over the poor little sickly plants that struggled hard light and clean. They should be done so once with yellow, red, black and white, with a for life through smoke and dust, and endured or twice a year. In the middle of the floor changeable green around the neck: they are the oft-repeated buffetings of the cat, looked is a three-gallon stone jug turned upside down, said to resemble the best broken tulips when too sad, too much unlike their fellows, who had with the neck in a shallow small pan. The the most perfect; the female is generally less so oft refreshed my eyes with all their luxu jug, supported by an ixon hoop with fret, will gay, being nearly of the color of the shell of riance and splendor. Then next bethought I of let the water into the pan no faster than it is the almond, from which nut it derives its name, the feathered tribe, and bought and imprisoned drinked by the pigeons, and consequently is as that color ought to prevail. They are many a songster wild; but the poor things always cool and clean. A broad flat box valued more in proportion as the color is rich sang plaintively, and looked so sad, I could about three inches deep should contain food-and the beak very small they are very merry not keep them there; and one fine morn in Indian corn and peas: or a box, called a hop-birds, and when flying they perform curious spring, I set the warblers free. Ungrateful birds! not one has ever returned to make me the water apparatus. per, may be made on the same principle as evolutions in the air, and will ascend a very Now for the different great height, keeping on the wing for two or glad with a song, although the stunted peach varieties: three hours occasionally: they are good breedtree blossoms, and affords a perch before my First on the list stands the Carrier Pigeon, ing birds, and give but little trouble. They which fanciers call the King of Pigeons. This sell at from three to ten dollars per pair. Next came domestic doves and fancy bird is so well known by report that few have The Fantail. This bird is a very singular pigeons. These had so long relied on the not heard that it will return to its home with variety of the Pigeon tribe, its tail being turned fostering care of man, that they would starve a letter from a very great distance, and at a back so as to meet its head: it is also very in the harvest field. I liked them much-rate five times faster than any animal can tra-large, being composed of from 24 to 36 feathey would be friendly, and were every day vel the same distance. The print is taken thers: these are spread out so as to resembe the same would hover round my head, or from one that has lately been imported, and lady's fan, which have given this pigeon the perch on my shoulder, and peck around for can be seen at the Pigeon Society's Rooms. name of Fantail: they are most preferred their food. I have many sorts and colors, corner of Broome and Forsyth streets, New- when of a perfectly white color, and some are brought from different climes, forming a vast York. This variety should be of one uniform ornamented with a very lofty tuft at the back republic, always wooing, laying, hatching, color-either black, blue, or dun. Its dis. of the head. They are worth about $3 per rearing-some for use and some for show. Itinctive mark is the encrusted flesh round its pair, and are good nurses, &c. D. F. A. will describe a few of the principal sorts, to!! eyes and beak. They are good breeders,' window. Beekman st, N. Y. June, 1833. NEW-YORK AMERICAN. LITERARY NOTICES. |is also a useful table of the comparative length of of scripture. Bishop Doane has prefixed an intro- matter; yet there are certain rules preliminary which may and should be learned, and these the book before us professes to teach. A POPULAR GUIDE TO THE OBSERVATION OF NA THE FLOWERS OF MELODY, a select collection of Scotch, English, Irish and American Songs, with THE GENTLEMAN AND LADY'S BOOK OF POLITENESS, notes critical, biographical, &c., selected and arrang- BOY'S AND GIRL'S LIBRARY OF USEFUL AND ENTER. &c., by Madame CELNART; 1st American from the ed by JOHN GRAHAM; 2 vols. Clayton & Van Norden,|TAINING KNOWLEDGE, No. XIV. N. Y. J. & J. Har. 6th Paris edition. Boston: ALLEN & Ticknor.——— N. Y.-There are many collections of songs, and per." The Perils of the Sea" constitute the at- An amusing and well written little work, dedicated other lyrical compositions, made with more or less||traction of this number, which appropriately enough to the youth of both sexes, and purporting to teach taste and discrimination-and, therefore, this now commences with the destruction by fire of the Kent, the rules of politeness and becoming deportment in under notice can lay no claim to novelty ; but it inay||British East Indiaman, in the Bay of Biscay, in Feb. all relations of life, as deduced from the usages of rightly claim to have been made with good judgment 1825, having on board more than 600 souls, all of the politest people in the world-the French-cannot and is illustrated with useful notes, which the compiler whom but about 60 were rescued by the Cambrian but find many readers among us. Manners, it has -himself a writer of Scottish songs-has interpers-brig, in a manner almost marvellous. If Boys and been well and truly said, are minor morals; and through its pages. Hence we hope it may remu. Girls do not now take an interest in learning to read, therefore it is in some sense a duty, as it is always merate its projector, the blind Scotch Poet, who has it certainly is not for want of attractive books. an advantage, to cultivate them. All with whom we long been resident among us, consoling himself unTHE SOURCES OF HEALTH & DISEASE IN COMMUNI-are casually or even for moments only thrown into der one of the greatest privations which can befal TIES, &c. &c.: By Henry Belinaye, Esq. Surgeon Contact, can judge of the kindliness and politeness humanity, by invocations to the muses. of our deportment, and be more or less affected by Extraordinary to the Dutchess of Kent. BostonTHE SELECT JOURNAL OF FOREIGN PERIODICAL ALLEN & TICKNOR.-The object of this cleverly writ- them. Hence, upon a principle of enlightened self. LITERATURE NO. III. Boston, Chs. Bowen.-Among ten treatise is, to induce inquiry and reflection a-interest, as well as of enlarged benevolence, it is a the well selected contents of this number, is a capi-mong those in authority, as to the means to be taken worthy object of effort so to present ourselves always tal article, which, though long, will well reward pe- to remove the sources of disease from the midst of as that those in whose company we are will be pleased. Practice, indeed, is the only sure guide in this rusal, on the Memoirs of the Duc de St. Simon, taken || populous communities, and to guard, as far as human from the Foreign Quarterly Review. It is the es- precautions can, against the introduction and spread sence of a very volumnious work, which paints the of pestilence. The inquiry is one worthy of all at age of Louis XIV. to the life. tention; and although on this as on every other subJOHN HOPKINS' NOTIONS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, ject connected with the public health and means of by the author of Conversations on Chemistry, Politi-preserving it, doctors will differ, yet, as in the last ||TURE, by Robert Mudie, Author of the British Na. cal Economy, &c. Boston, Allen & Ticknor.-It resort, magistrates and other persons in authority,turalists: N. Y., J. & J. Harper.-The first thing that would really seem that the disciples of Adam Smith must come to a decision of some sort, we are glad struck us after running over a few pages of the book, and Ricardo are now to be sought among the fair sex- to see a treatise, which will, at least, induce those was, the paltry and contemptible wood-cuts, which at least it is certain that to two ladies do we owe at who read it, to reflect and reason a little, about are allowed to deform one of the most delightful present, publications on Political Economy, more cal.what is to be done. The volume is small, neatly volumes which the Harper's Family Library has introduced to the public, standing there frequently culated to extend the knowledge of that science, and||printed, and quite attractive as mere reading. with their blurred outlines, and blackened shading, as in a popular and attractive way to inculcate its be- EXAMPLE, OR FAMILY SCENES: Phil.-KEY & BIDif in mockery of the vivid passages they were doubtless neficent principles, than any others we know of. Of DLE-1 vol.-This is a handsome re-print of, as we intended to illustrate. The greater part would make Miss Harriet Martineau's writings, we as yet have take it, an English book, without any author's name. Nature indignant at seeing her forms thus caricatured, had no opportunity of judging, not having seen, tho' It is the story of a young man of fortune and corrup-unless the remainder soothed the goodess into comwe have heard much of, them. But Mrs. Murcet, ted mind-with an only sister, beautiful, volatile, and the author of the little volume now before us, is an thoughtless, launched early into the world, without old acquaintance, through her "Conversations on parental supervision-reclaimed from the paths of Chemistry" and it is gratifying to be able to say, temptation and error by the example, and untiring that the promise of that and her subsequent work, on solicitude for their spiritual welfare, of the family of "Political Economy," is abundantly realised in "John a relative. The design is good, though not, as it Hopkins' Notions." We wish every laboring man in strikes us, very skilfully executed. The incidents the United States could have a copy of John Hopkins' of the story are nevertheless well told; and the seNotions put into his hands: for it would tend to cor- quel is, as it should be, full of encouragement-never rect many errors, and dissipate many injurious pre- to despair while kindness yet retains a hold upon judices. The Boston publishers have done good ser. those we would reform. vice in reprinting this book; and they have, as is the Boston fashion, reprinted it handsomely. nesses. placency by reminding her of the chaotic lumps out of which she has reared this beautiful and harmoni. ous creation. Can there be a more delightful study than the contemplation of that creation, or what books are worthier of perusal than those which bringing its secrets beneath our eye, teach us to exercise the priceless faculty of observation, and unlock, as with a magic key the external world around us? The strong love of nature, in an unaffected and manly mind, is an ever-salient fountain of pleasure, which the world can never dry up, or man divert; a perennial flower of delight, which no chance or change of life can cause to droop or wither. MISERRIMUS: N. Y. J. §. J. Harper. This single Latin word, signifying "most wretched," engraved THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY of distinguish-upon a tombstone in Worcester Cathedral, England The storied associations of the school-boy, are ed Americans-Conducted by James Herring, New -without name or date, or addition of any sort-has broken by the realities of the world, and the roYork, and James B. Longacre, Philadelphia: No. suggested this tale; which, laid in the time of Char-mance of youth with its dreams of love and heroism, IV. This well executed publication sustains its les II., purports to delineate the crimes, sufferings, like that false light which precedes the dawn, is promises well. The portraits in the number before and despair, which could alone-it may be conjec-lost in the glare of manhood--but the love of nature, us are well engraved, though not always, as in the tured-explain such a hopeless inscription, on thelast of the broad streams and the blue mountains we case of that of Gov. Tompkins, taken from good like-earthly resting place of one who must have "cursed have swam or clambered in our childhood, of the Gov. Tompkins, Henry Clay, and Major God and died." We are disappointed in it-for tangled thicket through which we have tracked our General Moultrie, of South Carolina, are the subjects much more might have been made out of so dark a boyish quarry, or the tall forest that has echoed to of this number; and their biographies are well, theme. The incidents assumed by the writer are al-our shout, when life was young-this is a love which though rapidly sketched, and of course en beau. together unnatural and improbable; and, tho' wrought||knows no change, and passeth not away; and he in The School Geography, by JOHN J. CLUTE. New-out with occasional power, fail to affect as a whole. whom that love is strong has a hoard of wealth in York: SAMUEL WOOD & SON.-Of this volume of We dissent, we perceive, in this judgment from those his own bosom, that can purchase him enjoyment 310 pages, 224 are dedicated to America; and that of many English journalists, whose favorable opinions until i's coffers decay in death. is as it should be, because in an elementary book,|| are prefixed by way of puff preliminary to the volume which is all this professes to be, much space, atten--but having read the book, under the influence of tion and care should be given to our own country.such praises, we nevertheless adhere to our own When boys know the Geography of their own land opinion. thoroughly, they will soon desire to find out that of other countries. After a general outline of the geography of the United States, this volume furnishes a geographical, historical and and statistical account No! There are no pleasures but pall, no pursuits but tire, no joys but are linked with pain; no search after knowledge, or happiness, or power, but ends in disappointment; no one study that is satisfactory, A MANUAL FOR THE AFFLICTED, &c. &c., by the but this high and holy, this ever fresh and beautiful Rev. THOMAS HARTWELL HORNE, of St. John's Col-one of the glorious creation around us,-this enno. lege, Cambridge. Boston: Allen & Ticknor.-bling contemplation of "God's own temple," whose Bishop Doane, of New Jersey, has the merit of in-pavement we tread and whose dome is stretched of each State separately, with a neatly engraved troducing to American readers this volume, restingabeve us. Love of the country is the earliest inthough necessarily small map of every State. Therellon, and almost exclusively written in, the language||stinct of our childhood, and though the artificial ha ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. bits and depraved tastes of maturer life may for a real or supposed grievance, as well as those who||mend it to those having a less immediate interest in bloom there unmolested, and no structure but the 'The theme, the admiration, and the song,' and much more so than those who have been en no instance on record where the first constructor of of poets, historians, and philosophers. Yet there is fusion in the names of places and countries alluded a new machine is considered in the same view: he to, in describing the habits of fish. The author, in is looked upon as a mere projector of a useful inven- writing of those fish which frequent the waters of tion, which is to be improved upon and brought to|| Massachusetts, very naturally and properly alludes continually to those of a similar description which ly ROBERT FULTON, JAMES WATT, ELI WHITNEY, an perfection by others. This should not be so surea host of others, deserve the thanks of the people inhabit the lakes and streams of England and other of all nations for their inventions, in an equal de- countries. But the similarity of the names of places gree to those who have promulgated laws, however in New England to those abroad-arising from that beneficial they may operate to mankind at large; miserable usage which prevails all over the Union, of the Atlantic States again bestow their no. gaged in a fierce, uncalled for, and relentless war, of making the cities of Europe stand god-father to in many cases for the purpose of upholding tyranny the villages of the Atlantic States, and the towns "It is a curious fact that the power of combining menclature upon the hamlets of the Westand oppression. machines and constructing poetry have frequently been united in the same individual. This has been diminishes the value of the information convey. overlooked by the great bulk of mankind. We have ed by confounding all geographichal distinctions. the authority of Mr. Stuart Meikleham, in his ac- An Englishman writing upon subjects of natural his. count of Steam Engines, for the following facts: Hooke made verses as well as machines; and when tory in this country, might very properly allude to The inefficacy of thought unaccompanied by observa- he presented thirty-seven different projects for fly. places in his own without specifying in what land ing, had his attention been directed to express his they were found; but an American, writing for his Let us consider those means: Do we gain know- thoughts in metre, he had previously shown a facili- countrymen, should never make these foreign re. ledge of a subject by thinking about it? We do not. ty for describing the glories of his mistress' eye-ferences without adding something to show that By thinking, we may arrange our knowledge, put it brows in as many sonnets. Lord Worcester also This defect is however as common in most Ameriit into new shapes, and make it the means of letting made verses--Sir Samuel Moreland indited love he has shifted the scene of his observations to other us see what further knowledge we want, and what songs--Watt, in his youth, was a rhymester-Ark-climes than ours. service that future knowledge is to be to us, just in wright was famous for verses, which cut as keen as the same manner that a tradesman, by examining his razors-Rennie chanted his own lyrics, which were distinguished for their spirit and taste-and can writers, from the paragraph makers of newspahis stock, can so arrange his goods, as that he can at once put his hand upon what he wants, and also Telford, while building rough stone fences as a jour-pers up to the compilers of quartos, as if we were know what additions it is most necessary and proper neyman mason, was an esteemed contributor to the still a provincial people, and speaking always of to make; but just as a tradesman cannot, by any ex-poetic corner of the Scot's Magazine; Sir W. Con- home." We need hardly add, that the ridiculous aminations and arrangements add one tittle to the greve wrote poems, as also Sir Christopher Wren We are sorry that our limits prevent us doing justice to this work, by making more than a few brief extracts. tion. quantity of his goods, so neither can we, by any Sir Humphrey Davy wrote his address to St. Mi- poverty of invention, or want of taste, in not adopting thinking in which we may engage, add any thing chael's Mount in the heroic measure, long before he the Indian names of places, displayed in the nomennew to the stock of our knowledge. By thinking, invented his safety lamp-Dr. Arkwright distin-clature of half the natural and artificial objects of in. we can arrange what we know, so that we can more guished himself for poetical compositions many terest in the country, is likely to keep up the confu. readily use it, and we make room for other know-years before he invented the power loom-Milton's we can; that thought will do what thought never did, can do, or was intended to do,-which lies as a stumbling-block in our path, and hinders us from knowing a great many things that would be very useful as well as very pleasant to us. ledge; but, we cannot think ourselves into an ac-hell gates move on more than mortal hinges; and sion for ages. Another defect in Dr. Smith's book— quaintance with even the simplest thing that we do his war chariots may yet form a subject for illustra- and more important, because less expected—is the It is the belief that tion in a mechanical college. The horse of Epeus want of an index-a mere mechanical appurtenance, not know by some other means. has lately been adduced as an early locomotive! it is true, but still one not readily dispensed with in Homer's description of cars shows that he had an eye for beauty in carts which would have carried a work of this kind. With these two, as some will them to perfection; Ferdousi, of Persia, has spun think, trivial blemishes, which can be readily reme. one hundred and fifty thousand couplets, and has died in a future edition, the work contains enough found leisure to construct several complicated pieces useful and entertaining matter, displayed in a very modest manner, to make us take pleasure in recommending it. We quote as follows: of machinery of his own invention-among them are spinning jennies, paper machines, steam engines, and a printing press." "Don't ask me about Ferocity of the White Shark. The possibility of Thinking out upon a matter. When we long continue thinking on the same subjects, especially if there is any thing dispiriting in them, we do feel a sort of languor, and pass into These instances, it is true, answer the object the The white shark, in his wide, dilatable jaws, has a revery, or dreamy state, in which we not only lose the command of our bodies, as we do during slum-editor has in view in quoting them, by showing the raised or depressed by appropriate muscles, at pleas. ure. Its velocity is such, that nothing seems to be ber, but in the end lose the memory of our thoughts, just as we do in profound sleep, during which we have important station which some mechanics have held six rows of sharp, triangular teeth, which can be no dreams. Everybody must recollect instances of in society, and proving the fallacy of the argument having thought upon subjects till the memory of all often advanced, that "the mere inventor takes no able to escape, and its greediness is never satisfied. the particulars was gone; and, when an author writes an original book upon any subject that requires close interest in any thing but his own inventions." But a By one gripe of the jaws, they can cut a man in two. which the seaman has the satisfaction of seeing the and profound thinking, the chance is that he shall better reply is at hand in the book before us. Any A red hot cannon ball is sometimes lowered over the At the pearl fisheries of South America, where know less of what is in the book after he has just class of people which can command the ability disside to one of these disagreeable followers of a ship, finished the writing of it, than an intelligent reader played in a work like this, and give that work a sup-shark receive into his yawning throat. after he has glanced it over. that, for I have written upon it," was an habitual say. port which shall carry it forward with the variety of object may be seen at considerable distance, the diing with a veteran both in science and literature; and instructive and entertaining matter which enriches||white sharks are numerous, visiting the mighty cavAbernethy's constant referring of his patients to the pages of this volume, require no further argu.erns in the rocks, the water being so clear that a small My book" had philosophy in it, whether he under-ment to assert their just influence in the community, vers, familiar with the character of the monster are and no better organ to represent their claims and to obliged to go armed in self defence. For this purstood that philosophy or not. mouth is placed somewhat under the head, he endeaTHE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE and Register of Inven-elevate them in character. The price of this volume,pose, some carry a long sharpe knife. As the shark's vers no disposition in the Indian to move, gently settions and Improvements, Vol. I. The number pub- $1 50, places it within the means of almost every vors to get over his intended victim, and if he discolished to-day completes the first volume of this ex- young mechanic. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FISHES OF MASSACHU.tles down over him with his horrible mouth widely instant he is near enough to be reached, the diver cellent periodical. It is faced with a strongly engraved portrait of Eli Whitney, accompanied by a SETTS, by Jerome V. C. Smith, M. D. Boston, Allen extended. With the coolness of a philosopher, the valuable memoir of that celebrated individual, whose & Ticknor.--The disciples of old Isaac Walton will plunges the knife into his vitals. A very ingenious interesting life is perhaps the best biography that find in this book an agreeable addition to their pisca-mode which is practised, says a writer, from whom can be placed in the hands of a young mechanic, totory library. It contains not a little new and some these observations have been principally extracted, spur him on to industry and exertion, and give him valuable information upon icthiological subjects gene just ideas of the real respectability attaching to his rally, with many useful observations in reference to occupation, and the enviable distinctions to which those important fisheries on our Eastern coast, which "In all coun-constitute a nursery for a race of the hardiest sailors the vigorous pursuit of it may lead. tries," says the well written preface of this volume, in the world. The style, though not exactly that "the importance of artizans in the scale of society which makes Sir Humphrey Davy's "Salmonia” one has been undervalued. Those who have led on ar is for the diver to carry down with him four or five hard wood sticks, about two feet long, sharpened at both ends. In case he is likely to be disturbed in his search for the oyster, by the visit of this king of sharks, he thrusts one of the sticks between his jaws, asunder, and the force with which they are brought to act on the stick, securely pins both ends into the as he is in the act of closing them. This props them mies successfully, either in defence of their coun. of the most attractive volumes extant, is still such bones, and away he goes, without the possibility of try, or who have waged war in consequence of somellas to make the book very readable, and recom. a remedy. Instances have been known of an Indian, |