PENNSYLVANIA M W. VA. R ames R. JAMESTOW 1607 Roanoke R. NORTH CAROLINA N. J. OCEAN Pamlico 585-1587 und 1584 ROANOKE I Raleigh's Expeditions SCALE. 0 25 50 100 150 BEGINNING OF ENGLISH SETTLE MENT. Gilbert was half brother of Sir Walter Raleigh, and the two engaged in the enterprise of planting settlements somewhere between the French in Canada and the Spaniards in Florida. At this time every English expedition meant depredations upon Spanish commerce, if an opportunity was offered. English sailors hated Spaniards as the enemies of mankind, and considered the plundering of Spanish ships and colonies a righteous occupation. Gilbert led an ill-fated expedition to Newfoundland in 1583. Questions on the Map.-What A fruitless search for precious inland water was explored by metals, shipwreck, sickness, Raleigh's first expedition? In and desertion of the sailors, what year? In what years and where were settlements made? prevented any advance southJamestown was settled by a ward, and on the way home the company called the London little vessel carrying Sir HumCompany. When? On what river located? In which of the phrey "was devoured and swalpresent States of the Union? De- lowed up of the sea." Queen scribe the shore of North Caro- Elizabeth gave a patent to Ralina. To what territory does leigh the next year, for disChesapeake Bay afford an entrance? Did Raleigh's colonies covering and planting new make good locations? What lands," and he immediately advantages had Jamestown? dispatched two ships, well manned and equipped, and commanded by Philip Amidas (Consider the necessities of fresh water, wood, game, good soil, etc.) and Arthur Barlow. They anchored in Pamlico Sound, made friends with the Indians, and carried home a favorable report. going Dutch, and, longing for a permanent home, their thoughts turned toward America. 60. Overtures for land were made to the Council for New England, and were favorably received. Money, too, was needed, and for this they made terms with London merchants, mortgaging the profits of their labor for seven years. A charter was gained, but it was not put in the names of any of the emigrants, for they had no favor with the king. This charter was left in England, and seems never to have been used. The emigrants, or Pilgrims as they were called, gathered at Southampton, England, in the summer of 1620, and in August sailed with two vessels, the Mayflower and the Speedwell. After eight days they put back to Dartmouth for repairs. Again they sailed, and again. they had to return, for the master of the Speedwell claimed that his ship was leaking. A third time (September eleventh), only the Mayflower put out, this YE EASY-GOING DUTCH. time from Plymouth, carrying all the company, now reduced to 102. [The company proper consist ed of thirty-four adult males, eighteen of them accompanied by their wives. Of minor children there were twenty boys and eight girls. Besides these, there were three maid-servants, and nineteen men-servants, sailors, and craftsmen.] 62. The Location.-The plan was to settle in the north part of Virginia, and the merchants, the moneylenders, had taken out a patent from the Virginia Company. This was probably the authority under which the Pilgrims sailed. They decided, however, to search for a location somewhere near the Hudson River, in the vicinity of the Dutch (141). Worn out with the voyage, when off Cape Cod, they gained the Map Questions. When and where did the Pilgrims first land? When and where first locate? Where and when was the first settlement by the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Name the settlements that were made two years later. Did eastern Massachusetts offer any advantages for early settlement? Has it good harbors? Has it any rivers offering avenues to shelter of the point and the interior? Would settlers there be in danger of disturbance by nations anchored, "blessing ye seeking to control the new land? God of heaven, who had Why? What is the distance between brought them over ye vast Plymouth and Boston? and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries thereof." After a thorough exploration of the coast, they decided upon a location, naming the place Plymouth, in honor of the English port. Here they landed December 21st, 1620, "the vanguard of a great column, bearing a civilization and a system of government which was destined to prevail throughout the length and breadth of a continent." On board the Mayflower, they bound themselves by a solemn agreement to make laws for the common good, promising obedience to them. 63. A fearful struggle with cold, famine, and disease followed. "That which was most sad and lamentable was, that in 2 or 3 months' time halfe their company dyed, espetialy in Jan: and February, being ye depth of winter and wanting houses and other comforts." They bore up under all difficulties and the colony struck root. 64. [The Chief Men.-John Carver was elected governor before disembarking, but died during the first winter. His successor was William Bradford, who was reëlected year after year. He has left us an invaluable history of the colony. Miles Standish was the military leader, a small man, but renowned for his courage. "As a little chimney is soon fired, so was the Plymouth captain, a man of very little stature, yet of a hot and angry temper."] 65. The growth of Plymouth was steady but never rapid. The early years were burdened by the mortgage to the London merchants. According to the first arrangement the colonists held land in common, and all gave a portion of their time to pay the common debt. In 1626 eight of the leading men, with the help of London friends, assumed the outstanding debts, receiving a monopoly of the colony's trade as a compensation. Land was assigned to every man, and greater prosperity marked the introduction of private ownership. Several other towns in time grew from the Plymouth settlement. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 66. The First Settlement.-A well laid plan of Puritan colonization built the towns clustering about Massachusetts 63. Two hundred years ago there was little uniformity in spelling-every one seeming to follow his own taste. Write and properly spell the misspelled words in the quotation of this paragraph. 64. Read Longfellow's poem, " The Courtship of Miles Standish." Bay. "Men of fortune and religious zeal 'offered the help of their purses to advance the glory of God' by establishing a colony of the best of their countrymen on the shores of New England." The Council for New England conveyed a belt of land, lying between the Merrimac and the Charles Rivers, from ocean to ocean, to six men, one of whom was John Endicott, and these, in 1629, obtained from Charles I. a charter incorporating them as "The Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New England." The year before, Endicott, as deputy governor, with others, had gone to Salem, already inhabited by fishermen. More immigrants came in 1629, and the people of Salem organized a Puritan "Church-State," electing Mr. Francis Higginson teacher, and Mr. John Skelton pastor, both of whom were non-conformist clergymen. 67. The Grand Plan.-The location at Salem served as a foothold; the great achievement of the Puritans was made in 1630. The charter had been granted to men supposed to live in England; but this year the majority of the company quietly removed to America, carrying their charter along with them. Free from interference, they could now carry out their plan of a Puritan Church and State, and govern themselves under the authority of the English king. During the year a thousand crossed the ocean. This was not the movement of a band of adventurers, but the "migration of a people." Seven new towns around the bay were "planted" by the immigrants of 1630. 68. [The founders of Massachusetts Bay were Puritans, but they had not severed their fellowship with the Church of England. Higginson's farewell to his native land represents the feeling of his fellows: "We will not say as the Separatists were wont to say at their leaving of England, 'Farewell, Babylon! Farewell, Rome!' but we will say Farewell, dear England! Farewell to the Church of God in England, and all Christian friends! We do not go to New England as Separatists from the Church of England; though we cannot but separate from the corruption in it, but we go to practice the positive part of church reformation and propagate the gospel in America."] |