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Dock-building. Economical. Educational.

Elevators.

Fairs.

Ferry.

Fish.

Fishing.

Fine art.

Fire.

Gas.

Gymnastic.

Guano.

Growing grapes.

Heating.

Historical.

Homestead.

Homœopathic.

Hook and ladder.

Horticultural.

Prevention of horse-stealing. To improve breed of horses.

Hotels.

Hunting.

Ice.

Insurance.

Joint-stock.
Laundry.
Laying out lots.
Libraries.
Literary.

Loan and trust.
Manufacturing.

Manufacturing leather.
Masonic.

Mechanical.

Medical.

Milk.

Military drill.

Mineral water. Mining.

Moneyed, other than banks, &c. Soldiers' monument.

Musical.

Municipal.

Mutual loan.

Navigation.
Oddfellows.
Oil companies.
Patriotic.
Pipe line.

Plank-roads.
Park.

Parsonages.
Political.

Improvement of poultry. Printing, publishing. Prevention of crime.

Railroads.

Raising vessels.

Religious.

Recreative.

Safe-keeping.
Savings banks.
Scientific.

Skating.
Slaughtering.
Social.
Sporting.

Stage-coach.
Stolen animals.
Small birds.
Telegraph.
Temperance.
Towing vessels.
Turnpikes.
Villages.
Warehouses.

Water for towns and villages.
Water for mining companies.
Wines.

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622 GAME AND FISH PROTECTION-STATE COMMISSION OF FISHERIES.

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In 1868, a commission of fisheries for the State of New York was established, and there are now four commissioners appointed by the governor of the state. Their duties were at first to examine the various rivers, lakes, and streams of the State of New York, and the waters adjoining the same, with a view of ascertaining whether they could be rendered more productive of fish, and what measures were desirable to effect this object, either in restoring the production of fish in them or in protecting or propagating the fish that then frequented them or otherwise. In 1870 the commissioners were directed to establish the artificial propagation of shad, white-fish, and salmon-trout in the waters of the state at such points

as they might select, to employ the necessary labour to conduct the same, and to take such other steps toward improving the fisheries of the state as they should think advisable, at any expense not exceeding $10,000. They should report yearly on the condition of the fisheries. Certain provisions have been enacted as to close-time, fishing by ponds, weirs, and set nets, &c., fishing near established fishways, punishment by fine or imprisonment, &c. In 1879 the commissioners were directed to examine the streams of water in the various counties, and to take reasonable steps for the propagation of trout in such of them as in their judgment could be rendered more productive.

DOGS.

An Act of 1835 provided that all moneys collected as taxes upon dogs should constitute a fund for satisfying damages done by dogs in killing or injuring sheep, according to the

provisions of the Revised Statutes; and any residue, after satisfying such damages, should, after the expiration of one year from the time of collection, be applied to the support of the

poor of the town where the same should have been collected, or to such other purpose as the inhabitants of the town should at their annual town meeting direct. By an Act of 1864, relating specially to the county of Ontario, but providing that the board of supervisors of any county of the state could, by resolution, declare and make the provisions applicable to such county, the collector of each town of the county of Ontario should pay over the taxes levied upon dogs to the supervisor of the town, and the moneys so collected and paid over should in each town constitute a town fund for paying the damages arising in said town from dogs killing or injuring sheep; and whatever remained in the hands of the supervisor of any town for the period of one year might, by the vote of the majority of the electors of any such town at any town meeting, be appropriated for the purpose of building and repairing roads and bridges, or for the payment of the contingent expenses of such town. The owner of the sheep killed or injured should apply to any two fence-viewers of the town, who, if satisfied after inquiry and examination of witnesses, to whom they were authorised to administer oaths, certified that the sheep were

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killed by dogs and in no other way, the number killed and the number injured, the value of such killed and injured sheep immediately previous to, and their respective value after, being so killed or injured, together with the amount of their fees. Such certificate should be presented to the board of town auditors at their annual meeting for auditing town accounts to be audited; and if such board should be satisfied by the oath of the person claiming such damages that he had not been able to discover the owner of the dogs by which the damage was done, or that he had failed to recover his damages of such owner, they should give an order on the supervisor for the amount allowed, and he should pay such order out of the said funds. Should the amount of the dog fund be insufficient to pay such orders, the board of supervisors could add to the accounts of the town the amount of such orders then due and unpaid, but in no case to exceed the amount theretofore received into the dog fund of said town and diverted to roads and bridges, &c. The party receiving such damages, in the event of his recovering damages from the owner of the dogs, should refund to the supervisor the amount so recovered.

IMMIGRANTS.

A great number of Acts of the state legislature have been passed relating to immigrants, passengers in vessels coming to the city of New York," "the better protection of sick and infirm indigent passengers arriving at the port of New York," "relative to immigrants and other passengers arriving at or departing from the port of New York,

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more effectual protection of emigrants arriving at the port of New York," "for the protection of immigrants,

second-class, steerage, and deck-passengers," &c., &c., and the result has been that admirably managed institution known as "Castle Garden," in the city of New York, where the newly arrived immigrants receive all the care and attention which forethought and long experience have secured, backed up by an ardent desire to give them a fair start in the land they have come to.

In 1873 the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate,

appointed six commissioners of emi- | gration for the State of New York, with the mayor of the city of New York, the president of the German Emigrant Society of the city of New York, and the president of the Irish Emigrant Society of the city of New York, as additional commissioners of emigration, by virtue of their respective offices, but the two last not to have the right to vote upon the appointment or removal of subordinates. The commissioners have all the powers and perform all the duties imposed upon the commissioners of emigration, by virtue of an Act entitled "An Act concerning passengers in vessels coming to the city of New York," passed May 5, 1847, and the various Acts supplementary thereto and amendatory thereof. They elect from their number a president and vice-president, and appoint a secretary and treasurer, and such other officers and employees as may be necessary.

The commissioners of emigration are not required to support any person capable of earning a livelihood for a longer period than two years. They may appoint an agent in all incorporated cities. They inspect the persons and effects of all persons arriving by vessels at the port of New York from any foreign country as far as may be necessary to ascertain who among them are habitual criminals, or pauper lunatics, idiots, or imbeciles, or deaf, dumb, blind, infirm, or orphan persons without means or capacity to support themselves, and subject to become a public charge, and whether their persons or effects are affected with any infectious or contagious disease, and whether their effects contain any criminal implements or contrivances. On discovering any such objectionable persons or effects, the commissioners of

emigration and their inspectors are empowered to take such persons into their custody or care, and to detain or destroy such effects if necessary for the public welfare, and to keep such persons under proper treatment, and provide for their transportation and support so long as they may be a necessary public charge. The commissioners shall, in case of habitual criminals, and may in other cases where necessary to prevent such persons from continuing a public charge, retransport such person or persons to the foreign port from which they came. The commissioners of emigration can also board any incoming vessel from foreign ports arriving at the port of New York, by their agents and inspectors, who have such powers as are necessary to the effectual execution of these provisions; and any person who resists them in the execution of their lawful function is guilty of a misdemeanour, and may be arrested by the officer resisted, and, upon conviction, may be sentenced to a term not exceeding six months in the penitentiary, or to pay a fine of $100, or both.

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In 1881 "An Act to raise money for the execution of the inspection laws of the State of New York was passed, whereby it was enacted that there should be levied and collected a duty of $1 for each and every alien passenger who should come by vessel from a foreign port to the port of New York, for whom a tax had not theretofore been paid; the same to be paid to the chamberlain of the city of New York by the master, owner, or consignee of every such vessel within twenty-four hours after the entry thereof into the port of New York. This Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.

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