ELOCUTION is the art of delivering written or extemporaneous composition with force, propriety, and

ease.

It deals, therefore, with words, not only as individuals, but as members of a sentence, and parts of a connected discourse: including every thing necessary to the just expression of the sense. Accordingly, it demands, in a special manner, attention to the following particulars; viz., ARTIOULATION, ACCENT, EMPHASIS, INFLECTION, MODULATION, and PAUSES.

SECTION I.

ARTICULATION.

ARTICULATION is the art of uttering distinctly and justly the letters and syllables constituting a word. It deals, therefore, with the elements of words, just as elocution deals with the elements of sentences: the one securing the true enunciation of each letter, or combination of letters, the other giving to each word, or combination of words, such a delivery as best expresses the meaning of the

QUESTIONS.-What is Elocution? To what subjects does it require particular attention? What is Articulation?

author. It is the basis of all good reading, and should be carefully practiced by the learner. The following Directions. and Examples are given as guides.

I.-Produce, according to the following Table, all the Elementary Sounds of the Language:

ELEMENTARY SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS.

*Soft G is equivalent to J; soft C to S, and hard C and Q, to K. X is equivalent to K and S, as in box, or to G and Z, as in exalt.

WH is pronounced as if the H preceded W, otherwise it would be pronounced W-hen. R should be slightly trilled before a vowel. For further instructions, see Sanders and Merrill's Elementary and Elocutionary Chart.

QUESTIONS.-How many Elementary Sounds are there? How many vowel sounds? What are they? Utter the consonant sounds.

SUBSTITUTES FOR THE VOWEL ELEMENTS.

1st. For Long 1A, we have ai, as in sail; au in gauge; ay in lay; ea in great; ei in deign; ey in they.

2d." For Flat A, au in daunt; ua in guard; ea in heart.

3d. For Broad A, au in pause; aw in law; eo in George; oa in • groat; o in horn; ou in sought.

4th. For Short A, ai in plaid; ua in guaranty.

5th. For A-before r, ai in hair; ea in bear; ei in their; e in where. 6th. For Long E, ea in weak; ei in seize; ie in brief; eo in people; iin pique; ey in key.

7th. For Short E, a in any; ai in said; ay in says; ea in dead; ei in heifer; eo in leopard; ie in friend; ue in guess; u in bury. 8th. For Long 1I, ai in aisle; ei in sleight; ey in eye; ie in die;

oi in choir; ui in guide; uy in buy; y in try.

9th. For Short I, e in English; ee in been; ie in sieve; o in women; u in busy; ui in build; y in symbol.

10th. For Long 10, au in hautboy; eau in beau; eo in yeoman; ew in ṣew; oa in boat; oe in hoe; ou in soul; ow in flow.

11th. For Long Slender 20, oe in shoe; ou in soup.

12th. For Short 30, a in was; ou in hough; ow in knowledge. 13th. For Long 1U, eau in beauty; eu in feud; ew in dew; ieu in adieu; iew in view;' ue in cue; ou in your; ui în suit. 14th. For Short U, e in her ; i in sir; oe in does; o in love; y in myrrh. 15th. For Short Slender U, o in wolf; ou in would.

16th. For OI, oy in joy.

17th. For OU, ow in now.

SUBSTITUTES FOR THE CONSONANT ELEMENTS,

For F, we have gh, as in laugh; ph in sphere.

For J, g in gem, gin, gyre.

For K; c in can; ch in chord; gh in hough; q in quit.

For S, c in cent, cion, cygnet.

For T, d in faced; phth in phthisic.

For V, f in of; ph in Stephen.

For Y, i in onion, valiant.

For 1Z, c in suffice; s in is; x in Xerxes.

For 2Z, s in treasure; z in azure; si in fusion; zi in glazier.

QUES.-How many substitutes has long A? What are they? &a

For NG, n in languid, linguist. >

For SH, ci in social; ch in chaise; si in pension; a sure; ss in issue; ti in notion.

For CH, ti in fustian, mixtion.

B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R, have no substitutes.

II. Avoid the suppression of a syllable; as,

mem❜ry for mem-o-ry.

jub'lee;

66

ju-bi-lee:

trav❜ler

travel-er.

read-in'

for read-ing. pr'-tect for pro-tect

com-mands. p'r-vade

warm-er. s'rink-in

be-low..
per-vade.

swif-ly

swift-ly. b'-low

ap-py

:;

con-sists.

IV.

66 fa-tal.

gov-er-ment"
Feb-u-a-ry

Avoid the substitution of one sound för an

QUESTIONS.-What letters have no substitutes? What error in Articulation would be avoided by the observance of direction II. ? Give examples. What, by direction III. Examples. What, by direction IV. Examples

V.-Produce the sounds denoted by the following combinations of consonants:

Let the pupil first produce the sounds of the letters, and then the word or words in which they occur. Be careful to give a clear and distinct enunciation to every letter.

1 Bd, as in rob'd; bdst, prob'dst; bl, bland, able; bld, humbl'd; bidst, troubl'dst; blst, troubl'st; blz, crumbles; br, brand; bz, ribs.

2 Ch, as in church; cht, fetch'd.

3 Dj, as in e.lge; djd, hedg'd; dl, bridle; dld, riddľ'd ; dlst, handl'st, dlz, bundles; dn, hard'n; dr, drove; dth, width; dths, breadths; dz, odds.

4. Fl, as in flame; fld, rifl'd; flst, stifl'st; flz, rifles; fr, from; fs, quaffs, laughs; fst, laugh'st, quaff'st; ft, raft; fts, wafts; ftst, graft'st.

5. Gd, as in begg'd; gdst, bragg'dst; gl, glide; gld, struggl'd; gldst, haggl'dst; glst, strangl'st; glz, mingles; gr, grove; gst, begg'st; gz, figs.

6. Kl, as in uncle, ankle; kld, trickl'd; kldst, truckl'dst; klst, chuckl'st; klz, wrinkles; kn, black'n; knd, reck'n'd; kndst, reck'n'dst; knst, black'n'st; knz, reck'ns; kr, crank; ks, checks; kt, act.

7. Lb, as in bulb; lbd, bulb'd; lbs, bulbs; lch, filch; lcht, belch'd; ld, hold; ldst, fold'st; ldz, holds; lf, self; lfs, gulfs; lj, bulge; lk, elk; lks, silks; lkt, milk'd; lkts, mulcts; lm, elm; lmd, whelm'd; lmz, films; ln, fall'n; lp, help; lps, scalps; lpst, help'st; ls, false; lst, call'st; lt, melt; lth, health; lths, stealths; lts, colts; lv, delve; lvd, shelv'd; luz, elves; lz, halls.

8 Md, as in doom'd; mf, triumph; mp, hemp; mpt, tempt; mpts, attempts; mst, entomb'st; mz, tombs.

9 Nch, as in bench; ncht, pinch'd; nd, and; ndst, enďst; ndz, ends; ng, sung; ngd, bang'd; ngth, length; ngz, songs; nj, range; njd, rang'd; nk, ink; nks, ranks; nkst, thank'st; nst, winc'd; nt, sent; nts, rents; ntst, went'st; nz, runs.

10. Pl, as in plume; pld, rippl'd; plst, rippl'st; plz, apples; pr, prince; ps, sips; pst, rapp'st.