the French army assumed by Junot.-Distress of the Zaragozans.

-Heroism of the women.-Palafox seized with fever.-The city

given up.

CHAPTER IV.

Remonstrance of the Court of Vienna.-Effects of the Peninsu-

lar campaign.-Services of Sir Robert Wilson.-Reinforcement of

the Portuguese army.-Romana defeated at Monterrey.-Atroci-

ties of the French on the capture of Oporto.-Conduct of the

British government.-Battle of Ciudad Real.-Battle of Medellin :

-Its consequences.

CHAPTER V.

Landing of Sir Arthur Wellesley at Lisbon.-He is appointed to
the supreme command in Portugal.—New era in the war.
r.-Bridge of
Amarante carried by the French.-Plan of Sir Arthur Wellesley.
He crosses the Douro.-The French driven from Oporto.-
Movements of Soult.-Soult escapes by the mountain-paths.-Ob-
servations.

CHAPTER VI.

Successes in Gallicia.-Capture of Vigo.-Romana enters Aus-
turias.-Movements of the French armies.-Ney and Soult aban-
don Gallicia.-Occurrences in Catalonia.-Movements of Reding.
-Battle of Valls.-Death of Reding. He is succeeded by Blake.
-Early successes of Blake. He is defeated at Belchite.-Advance
of Suchet. Origin of the Guerillas.-Guerilla warfare and leaders.

CHAPTER VII.

Distribution of the hostile armies.-Description of the country be-
tween the Douro and the Tagus.-The British advance to Placentia
and Majadas.-Repulse of Cuesta by Victor.-Cuesta falls back on
the British army :-It's danger.-The French determine to attack.
-Relative positions of the armies.-Battle of Talavera.-The
French under Soult retire to Placentia.-Sir Arthur Wellesley ad-
vances to attack Soult.-Cuesta follows.-The British cross the

Tagus.-Repulse of the Spaniards at the bridge of Arzobisbo.-

Project of Soult.-Defeat of Vanegas at Almonacid.—Sir Ar-

thur Wellesley falls back on Badajos.—Termination of the cam-

paign.-Observations on its policy.

CHAPTER VIII.

Incapacity of Cuesta. He is superseded by Eguia.-Position

and strength of the armies.-Advance of Arisaigo.-Battle of Oca-

na.-Its consequences.-Battle of Tamames.-State of Catalonia.

Siege of Gerona :-The siege converted into a blockade.-Sufferings

of the inhabitants.—Capitulation of Gerona.-Unpopularity of the

Supreme Junta.

CHAPTER IX.

Recapitulation.-Speech of Napoleon to the Senate.-Prepara-

tions of France.-Gloomy prospects of the allies.-Hopes of Lord

Wellington-His policy-Moves his head-quarters to Vizeu.-

Soult enters Andalusia-Forces the mountain passes and enters

Seville.-Cadiz saved by the Duke del Albuquerque.-Deposition

of the Supreme Junta, and appointment of a Council of Regency.-

The French in Andalusia annoyed by Guerillas.-Description of

the Isla de Leon and of Cadiz :-Their defences.-Matagorda a-

bandoned.-Dissensions in Cadiz.-Albuquerque retires in disgust.

-Preparations of Sir Thomas Graham for the defence of Cadiz.-

Atrocious proclamation of Soult, and consequent decree of the

Spanish government.-Character of Joseph Buonaparte.-Opera-

tions of Suchet.-State of Aragon and Navarre.-Suchet advances

against Valencia :-Retreats.-Blake appointed governor of Ca-

diz.-Affairs in Catalonia.-Siege and fall of Hostalrich.-Fall of

Lerida and Mequinenza.—Siege and capture of Astorga.—Move-

ments of Romana.

CHAPTER X.

State of public feeling in England.—The French armies rein-
forced. Movements of Lord Wellington.-Massena prepares to
invade Portugal.-Strength and character of the hostile armies.

Position of Lord Wellington in Lower Beiria.-Siege of Ciudad
Rodrigo:-Its gallant defence, and surrender.-Massena enters
Portugal. His proclamation.-Almeida invested by the French.-
Combat on the Coa.-Proclamation of Lord Wellington.--Move-
ment of the British army.-Siege and surrender of Almeida.—
Massena violates the terms of capitulation.-Boasting of the
French bulletins. Fears in England.-Firmness of Lord Wel-
lington.-Massena advances into Portugal.-Description of the
country north of the Mondego.-The British halt at Busaco,
and prepare for battle.-Distribution of the armies.-Battle of
Busaco. Consequences of the victory of the British.-Massena
turns the British position. The British retire on Lisbon, and
enter the lines of Torres Vedras.-Massena goes into position.
Description and observations.-Retrospect of the campaign.-Co-
imbra taken.-Massena retires on Santarem.-Is followed by Lord
Wellington.-State of Lisbon.-Observations.

ANNALS

OF THE

PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS.

CHAPTER I.

CAMPAIGN OF SIR JOHN MOORE.

1808.

October.

On the liberation of Portugal, by the Conven- CHAP. I. tion of Cintra, it was determined by the British government to despatch an expedition to the north of Spain. Preparations for this purpose were immediately set on foot by Sir Hew Dalrymple, and continued by Sir Harry Burrard, without any considerable progress being made in the equipment of the army for active service.

It was not till the sixth of October that Sir

VOL. II.

A

2

APPOINTMENT OF SIR JOHN MOORE:

CHAP. I. John Moore received official information of his

1808. October.

being appointed to command the troops destined for this service. The despatch stated, that the officer commanding the forces of his Majesty in Portugal, was directed to detach a corps of twenty thousand infantry, with two regiments of German light cavalry, and a suitable body of artillery, to be placed under his orders, and that this force would be joined by a corps of above ten thousand men, then assembling at Falmouth, under command of Sir David Baird.

Sir John Moore was directed to proceed, with the troops under his more immediate command, without any avoidable delay; and was instructed to fix on some place of rendezvous for the whole army, either in Gallicia or on the borders of Leon. The specific plan of operations to be subsequently adopted, he was to concert with the commanders of the Spanish armies.

Sir John Moore had no sooner assumed the command, than he found he had considerable difficulties to overcome. Few effective preparations had been made for the equipment of the troops by his predecessors in command. Magazines were to be formed, and