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On entering the forest of Hanau on the 30th, he found an army of forty-five thousand Bavarians under General de Wrede, drawn up to oppose his passage. Napoleon attacked them without hesitation; his light troops disputing the ground from tree to tree, and after a combat of several hours, the Bavarians were driven behind the river Kintzig, and took refuge in the town of Hanau. Napoleon, with the advanced guard, pushed on to Williamstadt, leaving Marmont with three corps of infantry to support the rear-guard under Mortier, which had not yet come up. On the following day, a sharp action ensued between these French corps and the Bavarian army, which ended in the total defeat of the latter, with the loss of ten thousand men. General de Wrede was dangerously wounded, and his son-in-law, Prince Oettingen, killed on the spot. The French soldiers, enraged at being thus intercepted by the very men who had so lately fought by their sides, gave little quarter. A Bavarian miller performed a piece of signal service to his countrymen on this occasion. Seeing a corps of their infantry hard pressed by the French cavalry, he suddenly let the water into his mill-stream which the fugitives had passed when dry, and so interposed an obstacle between them and their pursuers. He was rewarded with a pension by the King of Bavaria. The whole of the French army passed through Frankfort, and entered Mentz on the 1st and 2nd of November. The left bank of the Rhine was soon after lined with the encampments of the allied sovereigns, who, once more, after the lapse of twenty years, stood threateningly on the frontier of France.

AFFAIRS OF SPAIN TO THE CLOSE OF 1813-NAPOLEON AT PARIS-DECLARATION OF FRANKFORT SURRENDER OF THE FRENCH GARRISONS IN GERMANY AND PRUSSIA-RESTORATION OF THE POPE-TREATY OF VALENÇAY-NEW CONSCRIPTION OF THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN-CONVOCATION OF THE SENATE, LEGISLATIVE BODY, AND COUNCIL OF STATE.

ing expedition, assumed the command of the army of Spain at Bayonne. The reinforcements from the interior, and the addition of some German and Italian battalions, gave him a disposable force of upwards of seventy thousand men, exclusive of the French garrisons in various parts of the country. The first operations of Lord Wellington, after his victory of the 21st, were to blockade Pampeluna, and form the

siege of San Sebastian. Both places made a long and heroic defence. Meanwhile, the talents and energy of Soult maintained the war with vigour; and Suchet, who had obtained successes over Sir John Murray in the south of Spain, had assembled twenty thousand good troops on the Ebro, in July. The names of Foy, Clauzel, Abbe, Reille, Rey, Conroux, Drouet, &c., appear as leaders in feats of arms among savage mountain passes, and bringing no result, except that of keeping alive the torch of war, and perpetuating opportunities for the atrocious cruelies which stains the Spanish character, and which was exercised with remorseless cruelty on stragglers, wounded, and prisoners. We read also of cruelties practised by British troops, which give to this fierce struggle an additional aspect of horror. Napier has described the storming of San Sebastian, in August, with his usual graphic and terrible distinctness. "A thunder storm," says he, "which came down from the mountains with unbounded fury, immediately after the place was carried, added to the confusion of the fight. This storm seemed to be the signal of hell for the perpetration of cruelties which would have shamed the most ferocious barbarians of antiquity. At Ciudad Rodrigo, intoxication and plunder had been the principal object; At Badajoz, lust and murder were added to rapine and drunkenness; but at San Sebastian, the direst, the most revolting cruelty was added to the catalogue of crimes. One atrocity, of which a girl of seventeen was the victim, staggers the mind by its enormous, incredible, indescribable barbarity. Some order was at first maintained; but the resolution of the troops to throw off discipline was quickly made manifest. A British staff officer was pursued with a volley of small arms, and escaped with difficulty from men who mistook him for the provost-martial of the fifth division: a Portuguese adjutant, who endeavoured to prevent some atrocity, was put to death in the market-place, not with sudden violence from a single ruffian, but deliberately by a number of English soldiers. Many officers exerted themselves to preserve order,-many men were well conducted,-but the rapine and violence, commenced by villains, soon spread, the camp followers crowded into the place, and the disorder continued until the flames, following the steps of the plunderer, put an end to his ferocity by destroying the whole town." citadel of San Sebastian did not surrender until the 9th of September. Pampeluna held out till the end of October, and did not yield till the garrison had subsisted for some time on vermin, and the most disgusting food.

The

The English ministry proposed to Lord Wellington to invade France so early as September; declaring that the Duke de Berri should there join him, at the head of twenty thousand men, with