prediction is about to be realized. Yet he does not become a God. On the contrary, as he drinks deeper and still deeper of the maddening cup, his rational and immortal part sinks lower and still lower into the brute; and is, finally, chained there by the power of habit. As the pleasure becomes less and less, the habit becomes stronger and stronger, till, like 'the man of despair in the iron cage,' he looks around for deliverance in vain. Where is the roseate world now, and all its bright promises of future bliss! Fled, like a vision of the night, and all is gloom around him. Friends, fortunes, hopes,-all-all have fled,-and there the poor victim stands, shivering and cold, on the bleak promontory of a blasted world, alone--absolutely alone-in his misery. The blueeyed Sorceress, too, having withered at the heart, has lost all her charms. Transformed to a hideous hag, and, having bound him to her service by rendering him unfit for any other, she now lashes him with a whip of scorpions, and pinches him with claws of iron. 'Ha! ha!' she laughs, and the curtain drops upon the scene. O God! that a life, so brief on earth, should thus be spent in pursuit of momentary pleasures, only to end in one eternal flight from misery! from the worm of conscience that never dies, from the fires of remorse that never can be quenched!

Philosophy, letters, science, arts,—all are something. But the great art of all arts, the great art of life itself, consists in 'setting the habits aright.'

ART. II.-1. Congressional Speeches of Robert Y. Hayne. Washington, D. C.: Duff Green.'

2. Speeches of Robert Y. Hayne, while Governor of South Carolina. Charleston, S. C.: A. E. Miller.

3. A Eulogy Upon the Life and Character of the Late Hon. Robert Y. Hayne. Delivered on the 13th February, 1840, at the 'Circular Church,' Charleston, McDuffie Charleston: W. Riley.

by George

Bereaved Friendship is consoled by the faith which points to the eternal morning, by the solemn voice of the redeeming Christ which says, 'thy brother is not dead but sleepeth.' Bereaved patriotism is hopeless, for too well it knows that for a dead nationality there is no resurrection. The years and centuries roll on; new combinations of the social elements are formed; new constitutions prevail. But Freedom blesses other regions with her smile, and, for an allotted period, takes up her abode among other generations! But having once breathed farewell to the land that miscomprehended, or the people that abused her, that sad farewell is final! Thenceforth, she 'stoops to no man's lure.' Thenceforth, neither tears nor promises, the passion of remorse, nor the yearnings of appreciation, born too late, can recall the ethereal visitant.

We look upward, beholding with a despair that is voiceless, the white shimmer of her robes as they fade in the cruel distance! The last faint scintillation of their glory disappears, and now it would seem to us as if the 'very blackness of darkness' had closed impenetrably on life and hope.

In that gloom, lies, in fearful corruption, a Nation's corpse. We cannot escape its ghastly presence. Held down by Proscription on the one hand, and Poverty on the other, nothing is left us but to abide our doom in stolid resignation.

Only by resorting to mournful imagery like this, can we convey an idea, however dim and imperfect, of the utter wreck, of our own liberties, the ruin, complete and awful, which has come on the great American Republic! That the majority of

the people, the suicidal fanatics of the North and their tools, to whom we owe our irremediable wretchedness, are not yet aware of the real condition of affairs, is a circumstance which only intensifies the bitterness of their doom, to those who know and feel the truth.

For us, Southerners, deprived of all participation in the Government, except at the price of self-respect, thrown back in our political isolation and misery upon the past for support, we are enabled to draw a half-proud, half-melancholy satisfaction from the revival of its manifold reminiscences. How doubly glorious and triumphant, because of our present low estate, does that past seem to us now! Like men wandering in some dismal valley, who can yet lift their eyes to the mountain summits they have passed, vivid in the glow of peace and sunlight, so we from the depths of humiliation look back to the summits of our old renown. Majestic are the forms that greet us there; thrilling are the voices of eloquence and power that roll in echoes as of spiritual thunder from shining height to height; for a moment we forget our chains; the present with its shames and agonies becomes a visionary horror, and, in the past alone, we think, and act, and live.

When amid the confused splendor of a vanished time, thus made to re-appear in fancy, we begin to recognize individuals and individual merit, our attention, at first wandering from one distinguished statesman and orator to another, is fixed at length upon a personage who, if not the greatest, was assuredly the most consistent, trustworthy, and beloved, of all the prominent public characters of his day. Many readers, acquainted with the history of the South, and of Southern politics, would no doubt instinctively anticipate our reference. We allude to Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina.

Long before that noble State had ceased to be an independ ent sovereignty, the subject of our memoir was born at the plantation of his father, Col. William Hayne, in the parish of St. Paul's, Colleton District. The date of his birth was the 10th of November, 1791. He came of a sound and wholesome race, for his mother was the daughter of Arthur Peronneau, a descendant of the French Huguenots, and the line of

his father's ancestry can be traced directly up to a family of repute who had emigrated to America in colonial times from Shropshire, England. By both sides of the house he was connected with Col. Isaac Hayne, the famous 'martyr' of the Revolution, the latter being not only his father's kinsman, but by marriage the uncle of his mother. His Christian and middle names he derived from a Scotchman, Dr. Robert Young, the husband of a maternal aunt, to whose care-she being then a widow-he was committed from the period of his birth, until he had attained his tenth year. As a child, he is said to have been silent and thoughtful, displaying often unusual selfcommand, and energy of character. He would seldom venture an opinion without giving some reason for it, and his powers both of observation and of memory were excellent. Nevertheless, he was the very opposite of what is called a precocious boy.

After the rudiments of his education had been completed, he left his aunt's home in Beaufort, S. C., and returned to Charleston, about the year 1800. There, he entered first the school of a Mr. Mason, and subsequently that of Dr. John Smith, whose attainments as a classical scholar, and graduate of a European university, were considered far more than respectable.' A reflective, studious youth, of gentle bearing, and amiable manners, he won, despite a certain reserve, the affectionate sympathy both of his master and of his comrades. That he possessed extraordinary endowments, no one as yet imagined. In truth, one of his boy associates tells us, that his subsequent swift and brilliant rise astonished his school companions, or, at all events, was wholly unexpected by them. The favorable impression he produced in those earlier days was moral, rather than mental. Like many other men of solid and comprehensive genius, the development of his intellectual

In a series of loose, egotistical, and unsatisfactory Reminiscences of the Public men of the South, recently issued by Ex-Gov. B. F. Perry, in the Charleston Nineteenth Century, it is asserted that Gen. Hayne's inferiority in classical attainments was owing to the fact that he had no other advantage than was afforded by the Charleston College. Now, in fact the old College of Charleston had gone down before Gen. H. had reached his tenth year. The new Institution did not go into effeet until the General stood at the head of the Charleston Bar.

powers was comparatively a late development. The world of intellect, let us remember, is akin to the world of nature. A premature spring may produce innumerable blossoms, but their beauty is evanescent, and but a poor consolation for that frequent after barrenness, when we look for fruit, and only find decay.

But the real education of our future statesman, and legislator, (the education of his soul and morale,) was not derived from books, or consummated within the dull walls of an academy. A large proportion of his childhood and youth was spent in the country. Rural labors, and rural sports, in which he delighted, gave that peculiar vigor, firmness, and elasticity to his physique, which enabled him afterwards to accomplish tasks and to endure fatigue which would have utterly exhausted a feebler constitution; whilst to the contemplation of nature in her solitudes, and to a constant familiar intercourse with the divine Mother, as she revealed herself in storm and sunshine, gloom and glory, he owed much of that purity and elevation of character that surrounded him with an atmosphere of goodness. He himself, in the maturity of his manhood and fame, averred, that the general beneficial results of his country training and experience could not be overestimated. To them we must attribute the power of patient endurance, the habit of application, the feeling of individual responsibility and care, the practical tact, the unconquerable will and purpose, all which, early and insensibly incorporated with the very elements of his character, combined to form so striking an intellectual and spiritual whole.

It is a pleasant picture, that of the youth searching the rich woods and low lands of St. Paul's for specimens of natural history, of which he was exceedingly fond; or eagerly following the chase, with the hounds 'all abroad,' and the quarry making for hopeless jungle, or impassable river.

An anecdote of his perseverance, his skill and ardor as a hunter, reaches us from good authority. While passing the Christmas holidays at the paternal estate, a great deer hunt was organized, in which a number of guests from the city, and neighborhood took part. The day happened to