Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 174
... meaning corresponds to the number of distinct cognate sets observed in a col- lection of languages . For example , the second meaning in M above has three different forms , whereas a single cognate set describes the mth meaning ...
... meaning corresponds to the number of distinct cognate sets observed in a col- lection of languages . For example , the second meaning in M above has three different forms , whereas a single cognate set describes the mth meaning ...
Seite 178
... meanings combined across the two language families . The average half - life is 2343 years with a median of 1449 years . The meaning with the most rapid lexical evolution is the meaning ' warm ' in Bantu , represented by 33 different ...
... meanings combined across the two language families . The average half - life is 2343 years with a median of 1449 years . The meaning with the most rapid lexical evolution is the meaning ' warm ' in Bantu , represented by 33 different ...
Seite 179
... meaning , labelled as the number of different ' states ' of a meaning . The plots show that as the instantaneous rate increases , there is a greater diversity of words observed across the languages that make up each family . The ...
... meaning , labelled as the number of different ' states ' of a meaning . The plots show that as the instantaneous rate increases , there is a greater diversity of words observed across the languages that make up each family . The ...
Inhalt
ead25mole bio cam ac | 6 |
Malagasy Language as a Guide to Understanding Malagasy History | 11 |
Rapid Radiation Borrowing and Dialect Continua in the Bantu Languages | 19 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Africa Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroups Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone