Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of LanguagesPeter Forster, Colin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006 - 198 Seiten Evolutionary ('phylogenetic') trees were first used to infer lost histories nearly two centuries ago by manuscript scholars reconstructing original texts. Today, computer methods are enabling phylogenetic trees to transform genetics, historical linguistics and even the archaeological study of artefact shapes and styles. But which phylogenetic methods are best suited to retracing the evolution of languages? And which types of language data are most informative about deep prehistory? In this book, leading specialists engage with these key questions. Essential reading for linguists, geneticists and archaeologists, these studies demonstrate how phylogenetic tools are illuminating previously intractable questions about language prehistory. This innovative volume arose from a conference of linguists, geneticists and archaeologists held at Cambridge in 2004. |
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Seite 24
... clade that is a sister - group to East Bantu ( Figs . 2.2 & 2.4a ) . However , on some trees the Central languages split into an eastern and a western group , in which case the east - Central group usually forms a sister group to East ...
... clade that is a sister - group to East Bantu ( Figs . 2.2 & 2.4a ) . However , on some trees the Central languages split into an eastern and a western group , in which case the east - Central group usually forms a sister group to East ...
Seite 162
... clade - root times . The clade information adds little to the cognate data which is already very informative on that score . However the clade root age constraints are important , in particular the few upper bounds which are available for ...
... clade - root times . The clade information adds little to the cognate data which is already very informative on that score . However the clade root age constraints are important , in particular the few upper bounds which are available for ...
Seite 169
... clades in turn . There is rate constancy , with the exception of the Brythonic clade . The convention ' Italic 0.000268 ( 11 ) ' reports an Italic word death rate estimated at î- 0.000268 with standard error & = 0.000011 . * We are ...
... clades in turn . There is rate constancy , with the exception of the Brythonic clade . The convention ' Italic 0.000268 ( 11 ) ' reports an Italic word death rate estimated at î- 0.000268 with standard error & = 0.000011 . * We are ...
Inhalt
ead25mole bio cam ac | 6 |
Malagasy Language as a Guide to Understanding Malagasy History | 11 |
Rapid Radiation Borrowing and Dialect Continua in the Bantu Languages | 19 |
Urheberrecht | |
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Africa Albanian algorithms Anatolian Archaeological assumptions Bantu languages Bantu trees Bastin Bayesian binary Biology borrowing branch lengths Cambridge Chapter clade cladistics classification coded cognate cognate class cognate sets comparative computational correspondences data set data-cognate dating dialects distribution divergence Dyen East Bantu edge English estimates evidence evolutionary example Figure Forster genetic Germanic glottochronology Gray & Atkinson Greek guages Historical Linguistics Hittite Holden homoplasy Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian inference innovations islands language data language evolution language family lexical evolution lexical replacement lexicostatistics likelihood Malagasy Markov matrix maximum parsimony McDonald Institute McMahon meaning Molecular morphological Mycenaean Neighbor-Net Nichols nodes Pagel parameters phonetic phonological characters phylogenetic methods phylogenetic trees phylogeny posterior probability probability problem Proto-Indo-European rates of lexical reconstruction relationships Renfrew reticulations root semantic slot similar split splits graph statistical subgroups Swadesh Swadesh list telic tion Tocharian verbs vocabulary Warnow word lists zone