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LA PÉLERINE,

CHANSONETTE.

THE WORDS BY THE COUNT DE LA GARDE DE MESSENCE; MUSIC, WITH AN ACCOMPANIMENT FOR THE PIANO-FORTE,

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Le tendre amant du faux Hermite
Parcourait ces climats lointains,
De ses soldats guidait l'élite:
"Mon père," lui dit le guerrier,
"Pour la croisade il faut prier;

Dieu nous promet des palmes immortelles."
"Ah! pour trouver, mon fils, des infidels
Il n'est besoin

D'aller courir si loin.

Literature.

CAPTAIN PARRY'S THIRD VOYAGE. JUST PUBLISHED.

(EXTRACTS.)

(From the Literary Gazette.

We beg to direct the public attention to the prefixed cial instructions one of the best written, clearest, and lest papers which we ever perused, directing every movet, providing for every contingency, and shaping out ery probable course which failure or success might renmost expedient. To this masterly document there is brief addendum, which it may be interesting to insert, it connects itself with the expedition of Captain Franknow in progress. It is signed by Mr. Croker, and

In reference to that part of your general orders, which Slates to the ship intended to be sent in the autumn of to meet you, I am commanded by my Lords Comsioners of the Admiralty, to communicate to you the llowing additional information. It is thought advisable, h a view of assisting the objects of Captain Franklin's spedition, that the vessel intended to meet you in 1827 ould endeavour to meet him in 1826. Her commander , therefore, be directed to reach those latitudes in the mmer of 1826, to make such discoveries and observations may open themselves to him, and to look out for Capt. anklin, or even for you, if you should be so fortunate to accomplish the passage in that year. He will rein in that neighbourhood as late as the season will ad1, and will then repair to the Sandwich Islands, or to Dearest place where he may be able to replenish his wisions; when he will, as early as possible in the year (if you should not have already met with him) proed to act in the manner detailed in your instructions. He will mark his proceedings in 1826 by the erection of g-staffs, or piles of stones; and with notices where may

"Le ciel permet que je t'instruise,
Chevalier, du sort qui t'attend;
Approche, et tu seras content
De mon savoir, de ma franchise.
Pour voler aux champs de l'honneur
A l'amour tu fermas ton cœur,
Fuyant, hélas! beauté qui se désole;
Mais pour trouver un ami qui console
Il n'est besoin

D'aller courir si loin."

be found a depôt of provisions, which he will leave on his departure that year, as well as in 1827."

Though of no avail to Captain Parry, it will gratify every heart to suppose that these arrangements are likely to be eminently useful to Captain Franklin, of whom we have the plesant duty to inform our readers that he is going on (according to recent letters from him) most prosperously, having accomplished more in six weeks this year than he did before in six months. Provisions have been plentifully supplied; the men are all quite comfortable, and, in short, the worthy Captain writes as much at his ease as if he were only travelling from London to Edinburgh. But our business is with Captain Parry: when in winter quarters, masquerades were invented to amuse the tars, and we record this as the first incident of any importance. The gallant commander tells us

"Every attention was, as usual, paid to the occupation and diversion of the men's minds, as well as to the regularity of their bodily exercise. Our former amusements being almost worn threadbare, it required some ingenuity to devise any plan that should possess the charm of novelty to recommend it. This purpose was completely answered, however, by a proposal of Captain Hoppner, to attempt a masquerade, in which officers and men should alike take a part, but which, without imposing any restraint whatever, would leave every one to their own choice, whether to join in this diversion or not. It is impossible that any idea could have proved more happy, or more exactly suited to our situation. Admirably dressed characters of various descriptions readily took their parts, and many of these were supported with a degree of spirit and genuine humour which would not have disgraced a more refined assembly; while the latter might not have disdained, and would not have been disgraced, by copying the good order, decorum, and inoffensive cheerfulness which our humble masquerades presented. It does especial credit to the dispositions and good sense of our men, that, though all the officers entered fully into the spirit of these amusements, which took place once a month, alternately on board each

ship, no instance occurred of any thing that could interfere with the regular discipline, or at all weaken the respect of the men towards their superiors. Ours were masquerades without licentiousness carnivals without excess."

"The animals seen at Port Bowen may now be briefly noticed. The principal of these (says the writer) seen during the winter, were bears, of which we killed twelve from October to June, being more than during all the other voyages taken together; and several others were seen. One of these animals was near proving fatal to a seaman of the Fury, who, having straggled from his companions when at the top of a high hill, saw a large bear coming towards him. Being unarmed, he prudently made off, taking off his boots to enable him to run the faster-but, not so prudently, precipitated himself over an almost perpendicular cliff, down which he was said to have rolled or fallen several hundred feet; here he was met by some of the people, in so lacerated a condition, as to be in a very dangerous state for some time after. A she-bear, killed in the open water on our first arrival at Port Bowen afforded a striking instance of maternal affection in her anxiety to save her two cubs. She might herself easily have escaped the boat, but would not forsake her young, which she was actually towing' off, by allowing them to rest on her back, when the boat came near to them. A second similar instance occurred in the spring, when two cubs having got down into a large crack in the ice, their mother placed herself before them, so as to secure them from the attacks of our people, which she might easily have avoided herself. This unusual supply of bears' flesh was particularly serviceable as food for the Esquimaux dogs we had brought out, and which were always at work in a sledge; especially as, during the winter, our number was increased by the birth of six others of these useful animals. One or two foxes (Canis lagopus) were killed, and four caught in traps, during the winter, weighing from four pounds and three-quarters to three pounds and threequarters. The colour of one of these animals, which lived

"These facts, when taken together, have long ago im. pressed me with an idea, that there must exist, in the Polar Regions, some general motion of the sea towards the west, causing the ice to set in that direction, when not impelled by contrary winds, or local and occasional currents, until it butts against those shores which are actually found to be most encumbered by it. In confirmation of this idea, I am enabled to adduce some more definite observations, which would appear to tend to the same result."

for some time on board the Fury, and became tolerably
tame, was nearly pure white till the month of May, when
he shed his winter-coat, and became of a dirty chocolate
colour, with two or three light brown spots. Only three
hares (Lepus variabilis) were killed from October to June,
weighing from six to eight pounds and three-quarters.
Their fur was extremely thick, soft, and of the most beau-
tiful whiteness imaginable. We saw no deer near Port
Bowen at any season, neither were we visited by their
enemies the wolves. A single ermine and a few mice
(Mus Hudsonius) complete, I believe, our scanty list of
quadrupeds at this desolate and unproductive place. Of
birds, we had a flock or two of ducks occasionally flying
about the same lanes of open water in the offing, as late
as the 3d of October; but none from that time till the be-
ginning of June, and then only a single pair was occasion-
ally seen. A very few grouse were met with also after our
arrival at Port Bowen; a single specimen was obtained on
the 23d of December, and another on the 18th of Fe-
"I am much mistaken, indeed, if the North West
bruary. They again made their appearance towards the Passage ever becomes the business of a single summer;
end of March, and in less than a month about two hun-nay, I believe that nothing but a concurrence of very
dred were killed; after which we scarcely saw another; favourable circumstances is likely even to make a single
for what reason we could not conjecture, except that they winter in the ice sufficient for its accomplishment. But
might possibly be on their way to the northward, and that this is no argument against the possibility of final success;
the utter barrenness of the land about Port Bowen afforded for we now know that a winter in the ice
may be passed
no inducement for their remaining in our neighbourhood. not only in safety, but in health and comfort."
Lieutenant Ross, who paid great attention to orthinology,
and who has himself drawn up the zoological notice given

in the appendix, remarked that the grouse met with here

But this is no new discovery! On the contrary, it is as old as our oldest navigators. It is the chief reason assigned by Dampier for attempting the passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, rather than from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Still we are glad to find this doctrine corroborated by Captain Parry, and hope yet to see it acted upon. We regret to have the intelligent author come to the following conclusion:

The Trial of William Penn and
William Mead,

22 Charles II. A. D. 1670.
[WRITTEN BY THEMSELVES.]

Present, Sam. Starling, Mayor; Thos. Howell, Recor-
der; Thos. Bludworth, William Peak, John Robinson,
Richard Ford, and Joseph Sheldon, Aldermen; John
Smith and James Edwards, Sheriffs; and Richard Brown.

are of three kinds, namely, the ptarmigan (Tetrao lago-
pus) the rock-grouse (Tetrao rupestris) and the willow
partridge (Tetrao albus.) Of these only the two former AT THE OLD BAILEY, FOR A TUMULTUOUS ASSEMBLY:
were seen in the spring, and by far the greater number
killed were of the first mentioned species. They usually
had in their maws the leaves of the Dryas integrifolia,
buds of the Saxifraga oppositifolia, Salix Arctica, and
Draba Alpina, the quantities being according to the order
in which the plants have here been named. A few leaves,
also, of the Polygonum viviparum were found in one or
two specimens. The snow-bunting, with its sprightly
note, was, as usual, one of our earliest visitants in the
spring; but these were few in number, and remained only
a short time. A very few sandpipers were also seen, and
now and then one or two glaucous, ivory, and kittiwake
gulls. A pair of ravens appeared occasionally during the
whole winter here, as at most of our former winter sta-
tions."

On July 20th, the vessels were enabled to leave their dreary nine months' abode; the summer was so fine as to induce a greater regret that its predecessor had been so severe; but the accident to the Fury prevented the employment of this promising season. In August Captain Parry states,

Cryer. O yes! Thomas Veer, Edward Bushel, John Hammond, Charles Milson, Gregory Walklet, John Brightman, William Plumsted, Henry Henley, Thomas Damask, Henry Michel, William Lever, John Baily, you shall well and truly try, and true deliverance make betwixt our sovereign lord the King, and the prisoners at the bar, according to your evidence. So help you God."

Court.-No advantage shall be taken against you; y shall have liberty; you shall be heard. Penn.-Then I plead not guilty in manner and form. Clerk. What sayest thou, William Mead, art the guilty in manner and form, as thou standest indicted, not guilty?

Mead. I shall desire the same liberty as is promis William Penn..

Court. You shall have it.

Mead. Then I plead not guilty in manner and form.
The Court adjourned until the afternoon.
Crier. O yes, &c.

Clerk.-Bring William Penn and William Mead to t

bar.

Obser. The said prisoners were brought, but were s
aside, and other business prosecuted. Where we cann
choose but observe, that it was the constant and unki
practices of the Court to the prisoners to make them w
upon the trial of felons and murderers, thereby designin
in all probability, both to affront and tire them.
After five hours' attendance the Court broke up, and ad
journed to the third instant.

The 3d of September, 1670, the Court sat.
Crier. O yes, &c.

Clerk.-Bring William Penn and William Mead the bar.

Mayor-Sirrah, who bid you put off their hats? p on their hats again.

Obser. Whereupon one of the officers putting the p soners' hats upon their heads (pursuant to the order of th Court) brought them to the bar.

Record. Do you know where you are?
Penn.-Yes.

Record. Do you not know it is the King's court? Penn-I know it to be a court, and I suppose it to b the King's court.

Record. Do you not know there is respect due to t court ?-Penn.-Yes.

Record. Why do you not pay it then?
Penn.-I do so.

Record. Why do you not pull off your hat then?
Penn. Because I do not believe that to be any respec
Record.-Well, the Court sets forty marks a piece ep
your heads, as a fine for your contempt of the Court.

Penn. I desire it might be observed, that we came the court with our hats off (that is, taken off,) and if the have been put on since, it was by order from the Bench and therefore not we, but the Bench should be fined. Mead. I have a question to ask the Recorder: am fined also?

Record.-Yes.

Mead. I desire the jury, and all people to take rot of this injustice of the Recorder, who spake to m pull off my hat; and yet hath he put a fine upon head. O fear the Lord, and dread his power, and yest the guidance of his holy Spirit, for he is not far fro every one of you!

The jury sworn again.

The summer of 1825 was, beyond all doubt, the warmest and most favourable we had experienced since that of 1818. Not more than two or three days occurred, during the months of July and August, in which that heavy fall of snow took place which so commonly converts the aspect of nature in these regions, in a single hour, from the cheerfulness of summer into the dreariness of winter. Indeed, we experienced very little either of snow, rain, or fog; vegetation, wherever the soil allowed any to spring up, was extremely luxuriant and forward: a great deal of the old snow, which had lain on the ground during the last season, was rapidly dissolving even early in August; and every appearance of nature exhibited a striking contrast with the last summer, while it seemed evidently to furnish an extraordinary compensation for its rigour and inclemency. We have scarcely ever visited a coast on which so little of animal life occurs. For days together, only one or two seals, a single sea horse, and now and then a flock of ducks, were seen. I have already mentioned, however, as an exception to this scarcity of animals, the numberless kittiwakes which were flying about the remarkable spout of water; and we were one day visited, at the place where the Fury was left, by hundreds of white whales sporting about in the shoal water close to the beach. No black whales were ever seen on Penn. It is impossible that we should be able to rethis coast. Two rein-deer were observed by the gentle-member the indictment verbatim, and therefore we desire men who extended their walks inland; but this was the only summer in which we did not procure a single pound of venison. Indeed, the whole of our supplies obtained this way during the voyage, including fish, flesh, and fowl, did not exceed twenty pounds per man.'

The indictment sets forth," That William Penn, Gent. and William Mead, late of London, linen draper, with divers other persons to the jurors unknown, to the number of 300, the 14th of August, in the 22d year of the King, about eleven of the clock in the forenoon, the same day, with force and arms, &c. in the parish of St. Bennet Gracechurch, in Bridge-ward, London, in the street called Gracechurch-street, unlawfully and tumultuously did assemble and congregate themselves together, to the disturbance of the peace of the said lord the King: and the aforesaid William Penn and William Mead, together with other persons to the jurors aforesaid unknown, then and there so assembled and congregated together: the Obser.-J. Robinson, lieutenant of the Tower, disine aforesaid William Penn, by agreement between him and nuously objected against Edward Bushel, as if he had William Mead before made, and by abetment of the kissed the book, and therefore would have him aforesaid William Mead, then and there, in the open again: though, indeed, it was on purpose to have made ts street, did take upon himself to preach and speak, and of his tenderness of conscience in avoiding reiterated ca then and there did preach and speak unto the aforesaid to have put him by his being a juryman, apprehend William Mead, and other persons there, in the street afore-him to be a person not fit to answer their arbitrary ends. said, being assembled and congregated together, by reason whereof a great concourse and tumult of people in the street aforesaid, then and there, a long time did remain and continue, in contempt of the said lord the King, and of his law, to the great disturbance of his peace; to the great terror and disturbance of many of his liege people and subjects, to the ill example of all others in the like case offenders, and against the peace of the said lord the King, his crown, and dignity."

At the end of eighteen months, the expedition was over, and all safely returned except two men, the one of whom was drowned, and the other died, having met with an accident which affected his spine.

An Appendix, occupying one half of the volume, contains much scientific matter; but, as we have said, we can only refer to it very partially. After mentioning some observations on currents, &c. Captain Parry says

What say you, William Penn and William Mead, are you guilty, as you stand indicted, in manner and form, as aforesaid, or not guilty?

a copy of it, as is customary on the like occasions.
Recorder. You must first plead to the indictment be-
fore you can have a copy of it.

Penn.-I am unacquainted with the formality of the
law, and therefore before I shall answer directly, I request
two things of the Court. 1. That no advantage may be
taken against me, nor I deprived of any benefit, which I
might otherwise have received. 2. That you will promise
me a fair hearing, and liberty of making my defence.

*To these Captain Parry pays the warmest tribute. The
accuracy with which Hudson, Batin, Davis, quite astonis
geography and navigation, is, as he observes, quite
ing.

The Clerk read the indictment, as aforesaid. Clerk.-Crier, call James Cook into the court; give hi his oath.

Clerk-James Cook, lay your hand upon the book The evidence you shall give to the Court, betwixt on sovereign the King, and the prisoners at the bar, shall the truth, and the whole truth, and nothing but the tra So help you God."

disperse a meeting in Gracechurch-street, where I saw
Cook. I was sent for, from the Exchange, to go
Penn speaking to the people, but I could not bear w
he said, because of the noise; I endeavoured to ma
way to take him, but I could not get to him for the cro
of people; upon which Captain Mead came to me, abo
for when he had done, he would bring Mr. Penn to me.
the kennel of the street, and desired me to let him go on
Court. What number do you think might be there?
Cook-About three or four hundred people.
Court. Call Richard Read; give him his oath.
Read being sworn, was asked, what do you know co
cerning the prisoners at the bar ?

I

Read. My Lord, I went to Gracechurch-street, whet found a great crowd of people, and I heard Mr. Pe preach to them; and I saw Captain Mead speaking Lieutenant Cook, but what he said I could not tell. Mead. What did William Penn say?

rad.-There was such a great noise, that I could not | the Court what law is? It is lex non scripta, that which | England, which ought to be observed and kept, nor are what he said. many have studied thirty or forty years to know, and would you have me tell you in a moment?

ry, take notice; he swears now a clear contrary thing hat he swore before the Mayor when we were commitfor now he swears that he saw me in Gracechurcht, and yet swore before the Mayor, when I was comd, that he did not see me there. I appeal to the or himself if this be not true. But no answer was

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art-What number do you think might be there? ead-About four or five hundred.

ena.-I desire to know of him what day it was? ead-The 14th day of August.

-Did he speak to me, or let me know he was ? for I am very sure I never saw him. erk.-Crier, call into the court. urt.-Give him his oath.

-My Lord, I saw a great number of people, and Penn, I suppose, was speaking; I saw him make a on with his hands, and heard some noise, but could nderstand what he said. But for Captain Mead, I ot see him there.

cord-What say you, Mr. Mead, were you there? cad.—It is a maxim in your own law, "Nemo tene. ccusare seipsum," which if it be not true Latin, I am it is true English, "That no man is bound to accuse elf." And why dost thou offer to ensnare me with a question? Doth not this show thy malice? Is ike unto a Judge, that ought to be counsel for the ner at the bar?

word-Sir, hold your tongue; I did not go about to

are you.

Penn. Certainly, if the common law be so hard to be understood, it is far from being very common: but if the Lord Coke in his Institutes be of any consideration, he tells us, "that common law is common right, and that common right is the great charter privileges: confirmed 9 Hen. III. 29, 25 Edw. I. 12 Edw. III. 3 Coke Instit. 2, p. 56.

Record.-Sir, you are a troublesome fellow, and it is not for the honour of the Court to suffer you to go on. Penn.-I have asked but one question, and you have not answered me, though the rights and privileges of every Englishman be concerned in it.

Record. If I should suffer you to ask questions till to-morrow morning you would be never the wiser. Penn. That is according as the answers are. Record.-Sir, we must not stand to hear you talk all night.

Penn.-I design no affront to the Court, but to be heard in my just plea; and I thus plainly tell you, that if you will deny me a sight of the law, which you suggest I have broken, then you deny me an acknowledged right, and show to the whole world your resolution to sacrifice the persons of Englishmen to your sinister and arbitrary designs. Record. Take him away. My Lord, if you take not some course with this pestilent fellow, to stop his mouth, we shall not be able to do any thing to-night. Mayor. Take him away, take him away, turn him into the bale-dock.

Penn.-These are but so many vain exclamations; is

n.—I desire we may come more close to the point, this justice or true judgment? Must I therefore be taken

that silence be commanded in the court. rier. O yes, all manner of persons keep silence upon of imprisonment. Silence in the court. can. We confess ourselves to be so far from recantor declining to vindicate the assembling of ourselves reach, pray, or worship the eternal, holy, just God, we declare to all the world that we do believe it to be indispensible duty, to meet incessantly upon so good account; nor shall all the powers upon earth be able livert us from reverencing and adoring our God who Prown-You are not here for worshipping God, but >reaking the law; you do yourselves a great deal of ig in going on in that discourse.

de us.

tan. I affirm I have broken no law, nor am I guilty le indictment that is laid to my charge; and to the the bench, the jury, and myself, with these that us, may have a more direct understanding of this dure, I desire you would let me know by what law it u prosecute me, and upon what law you ground my

tment.

cord-Upon the common law.

-Where is that common law? word. You must not think that I am able to run up ay years, and over so many adjudged cases, which il common law, to answer your curiosity. ER.-This answer I am sure is very short of my ion, for if it be common it should not be so hard to

Ice.

ord-Sir, will you plead to your indictment?

-Shall I plead to an indictment that hath no ation in law? If it contain that law you say I have n, why should you decline to produce that law, since be impossible for the jury to determine, or agree to in their verdict, who have not the law produced, by they should measure the truth of this indictment, be guilt, or contrary of my fact. ord.-You are a saucy fellow; speak to the indict

m—I say it is my place to speak to matter of law; arraigned a prisoner; my liberty, which is next to self, is now concerned; you are many mouths and gainst me, and if I must not be allowed to make est of my case, it is hard; I say again, unless you me, and the people, the law you ground your indict. upon, I shall take it for granted your proceedings erely arbitrary.

er.At this time several upon the bench urged hard the prisoner to bear him down. ord-The question is, whether you are guilty of ndictment?

-The question is not, whether I am guilty of ndictment, but whether this indictment be legal. It general and imperfect an answer to say it is the con law, unless we knew both where and what it is. where there is no law there is no transgression; and law which is not in being, is so far from being comthat it is no law at all.

cord. You are an impertinent fellow; will you teach

away because I plead for the fundamental laws of England? However, this I leave upon your consciences, who are of the jury (and my sole judges) that if these ancient fundamental laws, which relate to liberty and property (and are not limited to particular persuasions in matters of religion) must not be indispensibly maintained and observed, who can say he hath a right to the coat upon his back? Certainly our liberties are openly to be invaded, our wives to be ravished, our children slaved, our families ruined, and our estates led away in triumph, by every sturdy beggar and malicious informer, as their trophies, but our (pretended) forfeits for conscience' sake. The Lord of heaven and earth will be judge between us in this matter. Record.-Be silent there.

Penn.-I am not to be silent in a case wherein I am so much concerned, and not only myself, but many ten thousand families besides.

Obser. They having rudely haled him into the baledock, William Mead they left in court, who spake as followeth.

Mead. You men of the jury, here I do now stand, to answer to an indictment against me, which is a bundle of stuff, full of lies and falsehoods; for therein I am accused that I met vi and armis illicite and tumultuose." Time was when I had freedom to use a carnal weapon, and then I thought I feared no man; but now I fear the living God, and dare not make use thereof, nor hurt any man; nor do I know I demeaned myself as a tumultuous person: I say, I am a peaceable man, therefore it is a very proper question what William Penn demanded in this case, an oyer of the law, on which our indictment is grounded. Record.-I have made answer to that already. Mead, turning his face to the jury, saith, You men of the jury, who are my judges, if the Recorder will not tell you what makes a riot, or rout, or an unlawful assembly, Coke, he that once they called Lord Coke, tells us what makes a riot, a rout, and an unlawful assembly. A riot is when three or more are met together to beat a man, or to enter forcibly into another man's land, to cut down his grass, his wood, or break down his pales.

Obser. Here the Recorder interrupted him, and said, "I thank you, Sir, that you will tell me what the law is," scornfully pulling off his hat.

Mead-Thou mayest put on thy hat, I have never a fee for thee now.

Brown. He talks at random, one while an Independent, another while some other religion, and now a Quaker, and next a Papist.

Mead.- "Turpe est doctori cum culpa redarguit ipsum."

Mayor.-You deserve to have your tongue cut out. Record. If you discourse on this manner, I shall take occasion against you.

Mead. Thou didst promise me I should have fair liberty to be heard; why may I not have the privilege of an Englishman? I am an Englishman, and you might be ashamed of this dealing.

Record.-I look upon you to be an enemy to the laws of

|

you worthy of such privileges as others have. Mead. The Lord is judge between me and thee in this matter.

Obser.-Upon which they took him away into the baledock, and the Recorder proceeded to give the jury their charge, as followeth :

Record. You have heard what the indictment is; it is for preaching to the people, and drawing a tumultuous company after them, and Mr. Penn was speaking; if they should not be disturbed, you see they will go on; there are three or four witnesses that have proved this, that he did preach there; that Mr. Mead did allow of it; after this you have heard by substantial witnesses what is said against them: now we are upon the matter of fact, which you are to keep to, and observe, as what hath been fully sworn at your peril.

Obser. The prisoners were put out of the court into the bale-dock, and the charge given to the jury in their absence, at which W. Penn, with a very raised voice, it being a considerable distance from the bench, spake,

Penn.-I appeal to the jury who are my judges, and this great assembly, whether the proceedings of the Court are not most arbitrary, and void of all law, in offering to give the jury their charge in the absence of the prisoners; I say it is directly opposite to, and destructive of, the undoubted right of every English prisoner, as Coke, in the 2 Instit. 29, on the chap. of Magna Charta.

Obser. The Recorder being thus unexpectedly lashed for his extra judicial procedure, said, with an enraged smile,

Record. Why, ye are present, you do hear, do you not? Penn.-No thanks to the Court, that commanded me

into the bale-dock; and you of the jury take notice, that

I have not been heard, neither can you legally depart the court before I have been fully heard, having at least ten or twelve material points to offer, in order to invalidate their indictment.

Record. Pull that fellow down, pull him down. Mead. Are these according to the rights and privileges of Englishnien, that we should not be heard, but turned into the bale-dock, for making our defence, and the jury to have their charge given them in our absence? I say these are barbarous and unjust proceedings.

Record. Take them away into the hole: to hear them talk all night as they would, that, I think, doth not become the honour of the Court, and I think you (that is, the jury) yourselves would be tired out, and not have patience to hear them.

Obser. The jury were commanded up to agree upon their verdict, the prisoners remaining in the stinking hole. After an hour and a half's time, eight came down agreed, but four remained above; the Court sent an officer for them, and they accordingly came down. The Bench used many unworthy threats to the four that dissented; and the Recorder, addressing himself to Bushel, said, "Sir, you are the cause of this disturbance, and manifestly show yourself an abettor of faction; I shall set a mark upon you, Sir." [To be concluded in our next.]

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Biographical Notices.

THE LATE G. A. LEE, ESQ.

The late Mr. Lee, whose death we have briefly noticed in our obituary of this week, is entitled to a more ample record, by the superior qualities of his mind, by the force and excellence of his character, and by the high place which may be justly assigned to him among those who have contributed to the prosperity of our national manufactures.

With a mind trained to, and highly susceptible of, the delights and elegancies of literature, he became early imbued with a love of the sciences, and was remarkable, afterwards, for the extent and precision of his acquirements in them. He had a quick, and an almost intuitive, perception of the advantages to be derived from applying to useful purposes the great inventions that distinguished the era in which he lived, and the rare faculty of directing them, with energy and perseverance, to the fulfilment of extensive and important designs. These talents enabled him to anticipate, in many instances, the slow results of experience, and to take the lead in the adoption of improvements, the trial of which could not have been made without considerable risk, by one who felt less conscious of the extent of his own power, or less confident of the accuracy of his conclusions.

Initiated at an early period of life, in the art of cottonspinning, which was then beginning to feel the impulse of the noble inventions of Sir Richard Arckwright, he gave to

Mr. Lee was the first to improve upon the fire-proof mills of his friend Mr. William Strutt, by the employment of cast-iron beams; and he was also among the first to render the security still more complete, by employing steam for warming the mills in winter, and to enforce cleanliness, ventilation, and good order in the regulation of them. By his recommendation, the workmen raised among themselves a fund fort mutual relief during sickness; and so great was the benefit derived from it, as to make it appear, in evidence given before the House of Commons, that, among a thousand workpeople, whom the establishment comprised, not more than five pounds had been distributed, throughout one year, in the form of poor-rates.

them, in the machinery constructed under his inspection, beds in which a Duchess or a Princess might sleep; and
all the advantages of correct and excellent workmanship; from the style of its furnishings and appointments alto-
and, while he always bore a willing testimony to the great gether, has been well denominated a floating palace. In
merits and originality of those inventions, he was prompt wood-work, machinery, &c. the United Kingdom cost con-
to adopt whatever amendments were suggested by subse- siderably upwards of £40,000-which, excluding brass
quent efforts of ingenuity. But whatever partiality he had cannon, is more than the outfit of a British frigate of the
imbibed, from his earliest attempts, for the use of water, as first class. Since she first anchored at the celebrated chain
a moving power, he became fully sensible of the advantages pier of New Haven, she has made a trip to London, and
of the steam-engine, soon after the improvements of Mr. arrived again at Leith; and though she encountered strong
Watt; and the energies of his powerful mind were success-head-winds the whole way, the latter voyage was com-
fully directed to render himself master of the abstrusest pleted in less than 51 hours. This is altogether astonish-
parts of its theory. In this he was greatly assisted by his ing, when we recollect the olden rate of sailing, when the
friendly and confidential intercourse with Mr. Watt, with Berwick smacks used to creep as timidly along shore, as if
his distinguished partner Mr. Boulton, and with other the mariner's compass had not been discovered, and during
skilful members of their establishment. Under his direc- the stormy days of winter put back so frequently, and re-
tion, the steam-engines of Messrs. Philips and Lee exhi- mained so long at sea, that cautious voyagers used to make
bited the finest specimens of perfect mechanism, conducted their wills before committing themselves to the mercy of
upon a well-arranged system, and combining the essential the winds and waves. From all we can learn, the pro-
requisites of regularity and constancy of motion, with a ceeds of the last two trips could not be much under £1200,
studied and wisely-directed economy.
but large as that sum may appear, it is still a problem
among mercantile men, whether the United Kingdom will
prove in the end "a paying concern." For one thing,
she consumes 11 tons of coal per hour; her crew consists
of forty able-bodied men, and independently of tear and
wear, river dues, &c. skilful engineers must be employed
at Edinburgh and Leith, to inspect and report on the state
of her machinery every time she embarks on the outward
or homeward voyage. These different items of outlay will
tell prodigiously on the profits of the concern; and we
know, for certain, that the James Watt and City of Edin-
burgh have not latterly proved an El Dorado to the public-
spirited owners. But there is a fashion in every thing,
and as the United Kingdom is "all the go" at present,
When the experiments of his friend Mr. Murdock, on there is some reason to fear, that the above conveyances,
the illuminating power of the gas from coal, were made which have long proved a great convenience to the public.
known to him, in 1302, he was instantly struck with their will be cast into the shade, at least for a time. This, of
importance; and, after due consideration of the facts, he course, is very disheartening, but tonnage, like every
determined to light, in this novel mode, at the expense of other kind of property, is liable to great fluctuations;
several thousand pounds, the large building which he had and though individuals may lose, the public always gain by
erected, in conjunction with his partners. The result of the spirit of competition. In spite of fashion and periods
this experiment, all the details of which may be found in of depression, steam-boats, upon the whole, must remune.
the Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1808, rate the owners, otherwise their numbers would begin to
decidedly established the utility of gas-lights, and led to fall off in place of increasing. At this moment there are
their almost universal adoption in large manufactories. upwards of seventy belonging to the Clyde, and upwards
Mr. Lee was pre-eminently distinguished by the clear of fifty belonging to the Mersey; and we really envy the
ness, the sagacity, and the systematic connexion of the ar- inhabitants of Liverpool and Glasgow the facilities they
rangements by which he conducted the great manufac-possess of taking a delightful Saturday afternoon's excur-
turing establishments over which he presided, and by sion. By embarking early at the Bromielaw, a man may
which he was enabled, at any moment, to concentrate the visit Rothesay or Inverary-gratify his palate at either
results of all the operations, as well as to take a distinct place, and feast his eyes on the most beautiful highland
view of any individual part. In his mercantile dealings scenery-visit Kean's cottage, and admire the red and the
he was influenced by coolness and solidity of judgment, by fallow deer, that still ruminate amidst the ancient homes
a high sense of honour and probity, and by enlarged and of the "children of the mist"-return to Glasgow the
comprehensive views of the general principle of commercial same evening, and still find himself only a few shillings out
policy. He retired from active business at a period of life of pocket. Betwixt Liverpool and Runcorn, the distance
when he had a reasonable prospect of enjoying, for many is 18 miles, and this distance can be travelled in a steam-
years, the resources of a well-stored and still vigorous boat at the rate of 1 penny per mile. The steerage fare is
mind; but he was, ere long, attacked by a painful and only 1s., and last year voyageurs paid only 9d. or 6d. res-
lingering disease, which at length brought to a close his pectively, who managed to return by the same vessel.
Musicians play the whole way-the cabin contains a small
Mr. Lee was born in the year 1761. In 1803, he mar-library; the steward is allowed to sell spirits and porter;
ried Mary, the youngest daughter of the late Rev. John so that he who has no taste for shores beautifully wooded,
Ewart, of Troquire. She died in 1811, leaving five chil- covered with crops of waving grain, and adorned with hand-
dren, three of whom still survive. Mr. L. was the brother some country seats, may betake himself unmolested to tap-
of Mrs. Sophia and Mrs. Harriet Lee, two ladies well-room enjoyments, heightened by the influence of a strong
known to the public by their literary and valuable works. sea-breeze, and boast to his companions when he returns
-Manchester Gazette.
home, that he has been encountering the perils of the great
deep! Truly, there is no man who reflects on these ad-
vantages, but what must bless the memory of James Watt.
Females are all very fond of travelling, when they can do
so with perfect ease and safety; and no decent burgher
should ever quarrel with a henpecking spouse, so long as
there is an antidote to ill-humour in the shape of a sail in
a Highland loch, and a plentiful dinner at a Highland
Inn. Had steam-boats been in use in the days of John
Gilpin, the pilgrimage to Ware would have merged in a
sail on the river Thames; and the world in that case
would have missed the most laughable poem that ever
was written, with the single exception of "Tam O'Shan-

useful and honourable career.

Miscellanies.

STEAM NAVIGATION.

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In an age particularly rife with marvels, in all that regards the power of machinery in abridging the sum of human labour, augmenting the tribute which we annually draw from the earth and the waters, and multiplying the enjoyments of social life, not the least marvellous circum-ter.' stance is, the great perfection to which ingenious men have But holiday utility is not the only merit of steam navibrought the art or science of steam navigation. Last week gation. The lines which Miss Seward quotes with such we gave a brief history of the United Kingdom steam rapturous admiration, vessel, which sailed from Greenock on the 29th July, with a hundred and fifty passengers on board, and circumnavigated the whole north, and part of the west coast of Scotland a distance of 789 miles in the short space of 65 hours; that is, deducting stoppages, and counting only the time she was under weigh. This beautiful vessel, to which the boasted barge of Cleopatra with its sails of silk, oars of silver, and pennons of gold-was a mere toy, two engines of 95 horse power each, contains 150

"The blackening wave is edged with white,

Tempt not the gloomy frith to-day,"
scarcely apply to a well-found barge which has a furnace,
such as the Cyclops might have worked at, embowelled
amidst a mass of British oak, and an engine of fifty-horse
power to keep her off lee shores; for it is a well-known
fact, that some of the Greenock boats have weathered the
Mull of Galloway and other promontories, when the boldest

pilots of any other description of coasters would har thought themselves placed in the most imminent danger Ferries, in this way, "that were formerly found impassa ta during many days in the year, can be crossed with ease s every varying state of the wind and tide; and in sp of even lochs, friths, and arms of the sea, internal com munication has become at once so comfortable and com plete, that even if Michael Scott were to rise from the grave and offer to build not only ropes, but bridges of d there is scarcely any body that would thank him for ta pains.

Nor is this all. If mail coaches run, steam-boats en sail against time; if the wind is favourable, good and wel if not, the paddles can impel the vessel forward in its ve eye; additional speed entails no additional suffering, an there is no angry coachman continually flourishing b whip, and lacerating at once a poor animal's back and th traveller's feelings. Only think of the ease with which man can be transported from Greenock to Liverpool, Len to London, Holyhead to Dublin, Dover to Calais, Brig ton to Dieppe, and a hundred other places. Think o of the service that is rendered to ships, by towing them o of port in contrary winds, and in situations where the av gation is difficult and tedious, from causes well known mariners. When a gallant ship has what is called se room, she can tack and make way under the most un vourable circumstances; but, when land-locked in a na row creek, or river, she is nearly as helpless as if a star had blown her masts overboard, or a calm overtaken her the middle of the Atlantic. An American Packet whi wishes to sail from Liverpool on a certain day, in place waiting for a fair wind, employs a steam-boat to tow h round the Rock-a service which is performed for £5: hence the admirable regularity with which these beautif vessels arrive and depart-completing the outward voyage from 24 to 26, and the homeward one in from 16 to 198 Most stupendous works have been erected by Governme Plymouth, Sheerness, and other places, chiefly for the p pose of enabling merchantmen and men-of-war to get into, and out of port; but amidst all the facilities of brea waters, &c. the towing system is adopted in every cast emergency; and had steam-boats been in tise a few ye sooner, we know not how many millions might have be saved to the country. Our countryman, Captain Joh ston, has proved the possibility of a voyage by stra betwixt the Thames and the Ganges, and, for sights know, his vessel has already proved as serviceable to t state as an additional regiment of armed men, by quicks ing the communication betwixt the seat of governe and the seat of war. Even our merchants, whether gr or small-whether residing in large cities, or in disor comparatively remote and distant, have felt the be of steam-navigation, and can now get the finer kinds goods conveyed almost to their own doors, at a rat charge, and with a degree of despatch which the coach may rival in the one case, but does not even appre mate in the other. When in Liverpool, lately, we step on board a vessel called the Chieftain, which sails w to and from Belfast, and in which a passenger can be m comfortably conveyed in the cabin for the small s twenty-five shillings. In point of size, and the characte her appointments, this vessel is but little inferior to United Kingdom. Her engines are equal to the powerof horses, she is some feet longer than a 74-has a gang round like a man-of-war, and though fitted for the re tion of many tons of goods, can muster a goodly num of beds. The cabin, ladies' room, and sleeping apartme are covered with Brussels or Turkey carpets; the curt and hangings are of embroidered morine, while the s and coverlets actually rival in sheeny whiteness the b that was washed and bleached of yore by Peggy Jenny at Habby's Howe. The side-board in the would do no discredit to a Peer's mansion, and the ba small room at the entrance of the former should be vis by every innkeeper in England, who wishes to combine thod with neatness, and crowd an immense number of cles into a very inconsiderable space. Who, therefore again say, that reflects on the numerous facts somes hastily and clumsily adduced, can fail to bless the mea of the late James Watt. Steam-engines paved the way steam-vessels, and but for the one invention Great Brit France, America-nay, the whole world-never could i possessed the other. The London Gazette teems with ap cations for small patents, but when will an inventor boldly forward, and say, I have discovered a new p which may be ramified and applied in a thousand diffe ways, which will bring all the ends of the earth into com nion, conquering the obstacles of space and distance, winds and the waves-which can "draw out threads as as the web of the gossamer, forge anchors, and lift m ships like a bubble in the air ?" The Scottish farme another generation were full of stories of a being call

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