56. Ut somno careas, etc. That for it you should be willing to forego your peace of mind by harboring a guilty secret. Ponenda deponenda. The gifts and honors must sometime be parted with, at least at death. 57. Tristis, like somno careas, implies the absence of true happiness which always accompanies an unquiet conscience. 61. Quamvis, and yet. Used like quamquam (Aen. v. 195) in correcting one's self.- Quota portio faecis Achaei? Best translated in English as an exclamation: how small a portion of our dregs are Greeks! Lewis says, "I cannot understand how Heinrich and Macleane" (he might have added "and all the leading editors") "put a note of interrogation after Achaei." They could do nothing else. Quotus is an interrogative adjective pronoun, and quota portio means properly, in the words of Mayor, "one part amongst how many?" or "how many parts, each equal to this, go to make up the whole?" Macleane explains himself very well when he says that "Whath part?" would express quota pars, if we could coin an interrogative adjective after the analogy of the seventh part, eighth, etc. He refers to Key's Latin Gram., ? 248 and note. See C. 54, 1. 63 sq. Chordas obliquas, triangular harps. The sambuca is referred to. Gentilia tympana, the tambourines of the nation; chiefly used in the worship of Cybele. 'They correspond," Macleane says, "to the Indian tom-tom, and are beaten with no perceptible reference to time. . . . The Orientals have little or no ear for music; and on lower ground than Umbricius takes, he might have run away from the music of Eastern flageolets, harps, and drums. They were probably such as are still in use all over Asia, and no discord is comparable to that which is there listened to with satisfaction." 65. Circum. The Circus Maximus. 66. Ite, hie thither! Ruperti says "ite in malam rem;" which to be sure is the same thing. Picta. Find by scanning the verse the quantity of the final a. In what case is picta, accordingly, and with what other word only in this line can it agree? Mitra. A species of light turban, worn by Asiatic women of bad fame. 67. Rusticus ille tuus, thy old-time rustic; "that son of thine, the rustic of old." Trechedipna. A Greek word of obvious derivation. (See the Lexicons.) Of the two meanings given by the Scholiast, "vestimenta parasitica, vel galliculas Grecas currentium ad caenam," Freund adopts the first, a garment worn by parasites running to a supper; recent editors incline rather to the second, a kind of dress-shoes worn as above. Simply for translation, we need not solve the difficulty. Anthon remarks that "Juvenal means to lash not only the introduction of effeminate Grecian manners and costume, but also the accompanying inroad of Greek terms into the Roman tongue; " and he purposely retains the word in his translation, "puts on the trechedipna." 68. Ceroma was a mixture of oil, wax, and earth, with which the athletes rubbed themselves before wrestling. Niceteria, prizes of victory, such as collars, chains of gold, rings, and (as perhaps here) wreaths or garlands. 69. Alta Sicyone. "Old Sicyon lay in the plain near the sea, but Demetrius Poliorcetes razed the walls and houses, and removed the inhabitants to the Acropolis." Amydon was on the banks of the Axius in Macedonia. 70. Notice the hiatus in a Greek word before the principal caesura. 71. What hill of Rome is here spoken of as deriving its name from the osiers that grew on it? (Varro, however, says (v. 51), Viminalis a Jove Vimino, quoi ibi arae; but adds sunt qui quod ibi vimineta fuerint.) 72. Viscera, the vitals, the heart; "bosom-friends." 73. Ingenium-perdita, "their wit is quick, their impudence desperate." "The 74. Isaeo torrentior torrentior quam sermo Isaei. ablative of the person, instead of the ablative (sermone), of that which belongs to him." M. 280, obs. 2; Z. 767 in fine. Isaeus was a Greek rhetorician of distinction, who came to Rome about A. D. 97, being then upwards of sixty years of age. Pliny the younger (Epp. ii. 3) speaks in the highest terms of his ready eloquence. 75. Quem vis hominem, any character you choose. 76. Geometres is here a trisyllable, the ĕ and ō being contracted into one syllable by synaeresis. Aliptes. The slave who anointed his master in the bath. 78. Graeculus, the Greekling. The contemptuous use of the diminutive. Jusseris si jusseris. Strictly, a hortatory subjunctive. 79. In summa, in short, in a word, denique. In the golden age, this expression was used only to denote the whole as opposed to the 10- Juv. N single parts: cf. Cic. ad Quint. fr. ii., 16, 3: Drusus erat de praevaricatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summa quattuor sententiis, cum senatores et equites damnassent; where in summa means in the whole number of the judges : quoad judices universos, vicit quattuor sententiis. Ad summam would be the Ciceronian expression in our passage, and so some editors, after pw, have read; so also Freund and other lexicographers. Our reading is that of P and S, adopted by Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck, Weidner. The later Latin used both in summa and ad summam in the sense of denique. 80. Mediis natus Athenis. The reference is to Daedalus. 81. Horum. Notice the passage, in lively discourse, from the generic singular to the plural. Conchylia. I. e. purple robes. 82. Signabit. I. e. as witness, e. g. to a marriage-deed (x. 336) or will (i. 67).—Recumbit, etc. I. e. be ranked higher at table. dam 83. Pruna et cottona, plums (of Damascus, whence our sons," originally "Damascenes"), and small Syrian figs. Other readings are cottana (and so Hesychius) and coctana. 84. Usque adeo nihil est, is it so utterly nothing? is it so entirely to go for nothing? 85. Baca (bacca) Sabina, the Sabine olive. 86. Quid quod, why add that? 87. Supply amici with indocti. .... .... 91. Ille. . . . quo . . . . marito―ille maritus (i. e. gallus), quo. Attraction of the antecedent substantive into the relative clause. M. 319, obs. Ille, i. e. vox illius. Cf. verse 74.-Quo marito. See note on i. 13: adsiduo lectore. 93 sqq. Is the comedian, when he plays Thais, etc., a better actor (than the Greek is in private life)? So do the Greeks excel in flattery and deception, that actors maintaining the most difficult parts, even men personating women so as to be mistaken for them, do not surpass their art. So Madvig, Opusc. i. 51. Thais. A courtesan, e. g. in the Eunuchus of Terence. 94. Doris. A name of a servant-girl. Madvig, Opusc. i. 53. Nullo cultam palliolo, clad in no mantle; not having a palliolum (or pallium), the outer dress of the lower order of women, but clad in the chitōn alone. So K. F. Hermann, Madvig, Mayor, and others. Macleane wrongly accepts the definition of palliolum as a small square cloth worn over the head to protect it from the weather, or to hide the face."-For nullo Jahn adopts Büchner's conjecture pullo. 98, 99. The names here given are those of four distinguished actors in Rome, all of them Greeks. Nec tamen. Still, neither Antiochus, etc. "It is true that the actor personates a woman to the very life; still the best actors do no more than what every Greek can do." Illic. I. e. in their own country. Molli. Delicate and graceful, in tone and gesture. 102. Nec, and yet not. Plin. Epp. v. 6, 36: ita occulte temperatur, ut impleat nec redundet. Mayor. 103. Endromidem. A thick woollen rug thrown over the body after violent exercise. Here Gifford quotes Hamlet's dialogue with Osric: Osr. I thank your lordship, 't is very hot. Ham. No, believe me, 't is very cold: the wind is northerly. Osr. It is indifferent cold, my lord, indeed. Ham. But yet, methinks, it is very sultry, and hot for my complexion. Osr. Exceedingly, my lord; it is very sultry, - as 't were, I cannot tell how. Hamlet, v. 2. Cf. Gnatho in Ter. Eun. ii. 2, 19. 105 sq. Aliena-facie, to assume an expression of countenance from another's face. According to Athenaeus, one Kleisophus used to make a wry face whenever Philip tasted any pungent dish. Plutarch compares such a flatterer to a polypus, or to a mirror which reflects all images from without." 106. Jactare manus, to throw up his hands in admiration and astonishment. Another (but inferior) reading in the preceding clause is alienum sumere vultum, which requires the words a facie jactare manus to be taken together, and translated to fling kisses. Laudare paratus. Juvenal is fond of this construction of the infinitive after adjectives. C. 244, 3. 108. Weidner understands trulla aurea of a golden ladle with which wine was dipped from the wine-jar. The patron has drained the jar and turned it upside down (inverso fundo), and then asks his Greek parasite to dip him some wine. The parasite eagerly hastens to obey, and strikes the bottom of the jar with his ladle, so that it rings, before he perceives that it has been inverted. Instead of being offended at the poor joke played upon him, he laughs aloud and applauds his master's wit. With this explanation, the verse is rendered, if the golden ladle has rung on the bottom of the wine-jar. An interpretation more commonly adopted explains trulla as a drinking-cup; the verse would then be translated, if, when its bottom is turned upwards, the golden goblet has given a gurgling sound. So Stapylton: Or if, the bottom o' th' gilt bowl turn'd up, Others still, less plausibly, understand that he dashes the heeltaps of his goblet into a basin or upon the floor, as if playing the cottabos. The examples given by Forcellini sufficiently prove that trulla may mean either a ladle or a drinking-cup. Some suppose that its meaning here is scaphium or matella, and that fundus in this passage is equivalent to anus. Heinrich argues ingeniously in favor of the scholiast's first explanation, si pepederit, taking trulla aurea as venter divitis. The second interpretation of the scholiast has little probability: si calix aureus crepitum dederit cadens e manu divitis. 114. Transi, pass by; say nothing of. Others take it as equivalent to transi ad. 115. Gymnasia, their training-schools. "Quit the playgrounds of vice." Facinus majoris abollae, a crime of the larger robe; i. e. a crime committed by a man of high position. 116. Servilius Barea Soranus was proconsul of Asia in the reign of Claudius, and a man of high character. He fell under the displeasure of Nero, and was charged with treasonable practices, and his daughter Servilia with aiding him. They were condemned to. death. The chief witness against them was P. Egnatius Celer, a Stoic philosopher, grave of garb and mien, but treacherous, crafty, avaricious, and lustful. Egnatius was rewarded with riches and honors: afterwards, however (A. D. 69), he was exiled. 117 sq. Nutritus, etc. Egnatius is said to have been born at Berytus; but he was educated at Tarsus, if the interpretation usually given to verses 117, 118, is the correct one. The Gorgoneus caballus (caballus, nag or hack, contemptuously; like Persius's fonte caballino of Hippocrene) is Pegasus, who sprang from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa when Perseus struck off her head at Tartessus in Spain. According to the legend, he lost a wing (rapcós) at Tarsus, on the banks of the Cydnus in Cilicia, whence the city had its name. Strabo (xiv. 673 sq.) says of Tarsus in his day, "with such zeal do the inhabitants study philosophy and literature, that they surpass Athens, Alexandria, and all other schools of learning. Rome knows well how many men of letters issue from this city, for her streets swarm with them." "The apostle Paul, Apollonius of Tyana and the Stoics Nestor, the teacher of Tiberius, and Athenodorus, ... |