CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

JANUARY 1648-9-JULY 1649.

HISTORY:-FOUNDATION AND BEGINNINGS OF AN ENGLISH REPUBLIC.

BIOGRAPHY:-MILTON'S ADHESION TO THE REPUBLIC: HIS TENURE of

KINGS AND MAGISTRATES: COMMENCEMENT OF HIS LATIN SECRETARY-

SHIP.

CHAP.

I. Foundation and Beginnings of an English Republic

Constitution of the New Republic: Preconceptions on the subject:

Ireton's Draft Agreement of the People.-Creation of a Council

of State: Composition of the First Council: Its first Meetings

and Difficulties: Cromwell's paramount Activity.-Forms and

Routine of the Council.

.

Circumstances of the Infant Commonwealth :-Danger from Scot-

land: Proclamation of Charles II. there by the Argyle-War-

riston Government: Hatred of the Scots to the Commonwealth.

-Danger from Ireland: Proclamation of Charles II. there by

Ormond Small hold of the Commonwealth upon Ireland.—-

Court of Charles II. at the Hague: Scottish Negotiations and

Intrigues there: The Marquis of Montrose again.-Sentiments

of the various Foreign Powers.

Opposition to the Commonwealth within England: Strength and

Intensity of English Royalism: The Eikon Basilike and its

Effects: Royalist Pamphlets and Newspapers: Marchamont

Needham and the Mercurius Pragmaticus

The Government continued in the Rump Parliament and the

Council of State: Their first Acts: Resolution for the Recon-

quest of Ireland by Cromwell: Home Difficulties: Lilburne and

the London Conspiracy of Levellers: Army-Mutiny.-Relations

with Foreign Powers: Assassination of Dorislaus.-Suppression

of the Levellers

Triumphant Confirmation of the Republic: The Fairfaxian

Creation at Oxford, and the London City Banquet: Removal

of the Council of State to Whitehall: Removal of Charles II.

from the Hague: Departure of Cromwell for the Lord-Lieu-

tenancy of Ireland: State of England as he left it

Cessation of the Westminster Assembly: Its Bequests to England

and to Scotland: The Scottish Kirk in 1649.

.

CHAP.

II.

Milton's Adhesion to the Republic: His Tenure of Kings and

Magistrates: Analysis of that Pamphlet: His Acceptance of

the Secretaryship for Foreign Tongues to the Council of State :

Nature of the Office: His first Attendances at the Council and

first official Employments: Extracts relating to him from the

Council Order-Books: His Letter to the Hamburg Senate, &c. :

Literary tasks assigned him by the Council: Observations on

Ormond's Peace with the Irish and on the Scotch Presbytery of

Belfast: Account of the Pamphlet: Change of Residence to

Charing Cross Friends and Acquaintances of this date: His

Commission to answer the Eikon Basilike.

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BOOK II.

JULY 1649-APRIL 1653.

HISTORY:-ANNALS OF THE COMMONWEALTH :-

FIRST YEAR OF THE COMMONWEALTH CONTINUED: JULY 10, 1649-

FEB. 18, 1649-50.

SECOND YEAR OF THE COMMONWEALTH FEB. 18, 1649-50-FEB. 18,

1650-51.

THIRD YEAR OF THE COMMONWEALTH FEB. 18, 1650-51-Dec. 1,

1651.

FOURTH YEAR OF THE COMMONWEALTH, and FRAGMENT OF A FIFTH :

DEC. 1, 1651-APRIL 20, 1653.

BIOGRAPHY:-MILTON'S LIFE THROUGH THE PERIOD OF THE COMMON-

WEALTH, WITH HIS SECRETARYSHIP UNDER FIVE SUCCESSIVE COUNCILS OF

STATE.

CHAP.

II.

PAGE

I. Cromwell's Victories in Ireland: Activity of the Parliament and

Council of State at home: Royalist and Levelling Pamphlets:

Bradshaw's new Press Act: Trial of Lilburne and his Fellow-

Levellers: Their Acquittal: Case of Clement Walker: Con-

tinued Disaffection of the Presbyterians: Endeavours to humour

them: The Engagement: State of Foreign Relations: Missions

to Spain, Portugal, and Hamburg: Election of New Council of

State: Death of the Earl of Pembroke.
.. 111

Milton's Life and Secretaryship from July 1649 to Feb. 1649-50.

-Enormous Popularity of the Eikon Basilike: Doubts as to

the Authorship: Milton's Eikonoklastes: Analysis of the same,

with Quotations: Particles of Milton's Biography from the

Council Order-Books, with Notices of Marchamont Needham,

Clement Walker, the Printer Newcome, the Printer Royston,

the Printer Dugard, and others: Milton's Removal from

Charing-Cross to an Official Residence in Whitehall: His

Miscellaneous Official Occupations: Five of his Latin State

Letters to Foreign Powers (Nos. I.-V.); Salmasius and his

Defensio Regia: Account of the Book, with Specimens: Milton's

Commission from the Council of State to answer the Book . . 129

СНАР,

III. Annals of the Commonwealth: Second Year. Feb. 18, 1649-50

to Feb. 18, 1650-51.--Changes in the Composition of the

Council Enforcing of the Engagement: Miscellaneous Pro-

ceedings of Parliament and the Council: Measures to please

the Presbyterians: The Treaty of Breda between Charles II.

and the Scots: Landing of the Marquis of Montrose in Scot-

land: His Fate: Arrival of Charles II. in Scotland as a Cove-

nanted King: Recall of Cromwell from Ireland to command in

the Scottish War: His Reception in London, and Appointment

to the Generalship-in-Chief for the Commonwealth: Declaration

of War against the Scots: News of the Assassination of Ascham

at Madrid: Retirement of Fairfax from Public Life: Crom-

well's Invasion of Scotland: David Leslie's Strategy on the

Scottish side: Battle of Dunbar Cromwell in Edinburgh, and

Master of the South-East Scottish Lowlands: Division of the

Scots into Three Parties: Severe Treatment of Charles by the

Argyle or Government Party: "The Start," and its Conse-

quences: Better Treatment of Charles: Coalition of the Govern-

ment Party and the Northern Royalists: Remonstrance of the

Western Whigs: Cromwell's March westward: Lambert's

Action at Hamilton: All Scotland South of the Firths in pos-

session of the English, and only Scotland North of the Firths

left to Charles: His Coronation at Scone: Affairs in England :

Effects of the Battle of Dunbar on Foreign Powers: End of the

Second Year of the Commonwealth, and Election of a new

Council of State

IV. Milton's Life and Secretaryship from Feb. 1649-50 to Feb.

1650-51.-Extracts from the Council Order-Books relating

to Milton, with Notices of Needham, Dugard, Durie, Hartlib,

Haak, Hugh Peters, and others: Twelve of Milton's Latin

State-Letters (Nos. VI.-XVII.): Mrs. Powell's Suit for

Recovery of the Family Property, and Milton's Interest in the

same: His Petition and Affidavit as to his Wheatley Estate:

Second and Enlarged Edition of the Eikonoklastes: Specimens

of the New Matter: Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio contra

Salmasium: Circumstances of its Preparation: Account of the

Book, with Illustrative Extracts: Its tremendous Personalities:

Salmasius now at Stockholm: Queen Christina of Sweden and

her Court

V. Annals of the Commonwealth: Third Year, Feb. 18, 1650-1 to

Dec. 1, 1651.-New Council of State: Relations with Spain:

Negotiation with the Portuguese Ambassador: Embassy of

St. John and Strickland to the United Provinces: Affairs in

Scotland: Cromwell's Illness there: Effects of the English

Occupation among the Scots: State of Scotland North of the

Firths Charles II. and his Scottish Court: Parliament at

Perth and Stirling: Decline of the Argyle Influence: Resolu-

tioners and Remonstrants: Charles's Scottish Army: Disgrace

of Lord Howard of Escrick: English Presbyterian Conspiracy

for Charles II.: Case of Mr. Love and Mr. Gibbons: Crom-

well's March upon Stirling: Access blocked by Leslie: Device

of a Passage through Fifeshire: Cromwell at Perth: Sudden

March of Charles and the Scots into England: Cromwell's rapid

Pursuit Excitement throughout England: Execution of Love

and Gibbons: Battle of Worcester: The Captives and Fugitives:

Conquest of Scotland completed by Monk: New Honours for

Cromwell: Execution of the Earl of Derby and others: Scottish

Prisoners in England: Escape of Charles II.: The Marquis of

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223

CHAP.

Argyle in Scotland: View of his Character and Career: Decree

for the Incorporation of Scotland with the Commonwealth:

Clement Home Policy after Worcester: Navigation Act against

the Dutch Cromwell's Motion for assigning a Term to the

Rump Parliament: Motion carried: Victorious Close of the

Third Year of the Commonwealth

:

VI. Milton's Life and Secretaryship from Feb. 1650-51 to Dec. 1651.

-Publication of Milton's Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio

contra Salmasium: Extracts about Milton from the Council

Order-Books: Proposal to remove him from his Whitehall Lodg-

ings Interference of the Council: Sensation caused by the Pro

Populo Anglicano Defensio on the Continent: Its Reception at

Stockholm by Salmasius and Queen Christina: Gossip about

Salmasius and Milton from the Vossius-Heinsius Correspond-

ence Rumour of a forthcoming Reply by Salmasius to the

Defensio: Vote of Thanks to Milton by the Council: Extracts

from the Council Order-Books continued: Two of Milton's

Latin State Letters (Nos. XVIII. and XIX.): Milton's Cen-

sorship or Superintending Editorship of the Mercurius Politicus,

and his Connexion with Marchamont Needham: Account of

the Mercurius Politicus, with Specimens of its Articles: Leading

Article on the Battle of Worcester: Birth of Milton's third

Child, a Son: Mrs. Powell and Milton: Progress of her Suit:

Continued fame of Milton's Defensio: More Gossip from the

Vossius-Heinsius Correspondence: Salmasius Crestfallen at

Christina's Court: His Return to Leyden: No appearance of

his Reply to Milton: Anonymous substitute for it in a Pro

Rege et Populo Anglicano Apologia: Account of the Book:

Eikon Aklastos, an Anonymous Reply to the Eikonoklastes:

Milton's European Celebrity: Christopher Arnold's Visit to

London: His Gossip about Milton and other Londoners. .

VII. Annals of the Commonwealth: Fourth Year and Fragment of

a Fifth. Dec. 1, 1651 to April 20, 1653.—Council of State of

the Fourth Year, and Fifth Council of State.-Death of Ireton :

John Lilburne again: His Banishment: Stability of the Com-

monwealth after the Battle of Worcester: The Rump Govern-

ment in its Relations with Cromwell: Measures for the Union

of Scotland with the Commonwealth: Commissioners for the

Union sent to Scotland: Feelings of the Scots on the subject:

Success of the Commissioners: Act of Incorporation brought in

and the Union declared: English Administration in Scotland,

and State of that Country: View of the State of Ireland: Lam-

bert appointed to succeed Ireton there: The Post declined by

Lambert, and Fleetwood appointed: Acts for the Settlement of

Ireland Fleetwood's Irish Administration: Embassy from the

United Provinces: Negotiations with the same: Animosity

between the English and the Dutch: Encounter between Blake

and Van Tromp in the Downs: Additional Ambassador from

the Provinces: Failure of the Embassy: War between the

Dutch and the Commonwealth: Blake's Naval Battles and

Victories: Synopsis of the Relations of the Commonwealth

with other Foreign Powers: Internal Affairs of England:

Questions of Retrenchment, Political Oblivion, Law-Reform,

Pauperism, and Regulation of the Press: Grand Question of

The Propagation of the Gospel: What was involved in this

Question: Committee of Parliament on the Subject: Proposals

of certain Ministers to the Committee: Conflict of Opinion, and

appeals to Cromwell: Provisional Votes in Parliament about

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