260 FOREIGN DAINTIES. CAPTATOR. MURAENA. [V 94–103

II 329 seq. Manil. v 369 seq. A long catalogue of foreign dainties in Clem. Al. paed. II 1 § 3. Friedländer 13 16. III 19-26.

95-96 every cranny of the nearer seas is swept with nets to supply the Roman market, not a fish can there attain its full size.

SCRUTANTE Plin. xxII § 3 transalpine Gaul employs vegetable dyes nec quaerit in profundis murices seque obiciendo escam, dum praeripit, beluis marinis intacta etiam ancoris scrutatur vada, ut inveniat per quod facilius matrona adultero placeat, corruptor insidietur nuptae.

MACELLO XI 10 n. Plin. xix § 52 ex horto plebei macellum, quanto innocentiore victu! mergi enim, credo, in profunda satius est et ostrearum genera naufragio exquiri, aves ultra Phasim amnem peti ne fabuloso quidem terrore tutas, immo sic pretiosiores, alias in Numidia Aethiopiaque in sepulchris aucupari, aut pugnare cum feris mandique capientem quod mandat alius. 97 therefore, since our own

shores are exhausted, the provinces must provide our kitchens with fish. PROVINCIA IV 26. 98 observe the chiasmus CAPTATOR VI 40.

in this line Quintil. x 1 § 36 n.

x 202. XII 93 seq. Mart. IV 56. v 18. 39. 60. vI 62. 63. vII 66. XII 91. Plin. ep. II 20. Lucian dial. mort. 5-9: Petron. 116 quoscunque homines in hac urbe [Crotona] videritis, scitote in duas partes esse divisos. nam aut captantur aut captant. in hac urbe nemo liberos tollit, quia, quisquis suos heredes habet, nec ad scenas nec ad spectacula admittitur, sed omnibus prohibetur commodis, inter ignominiosos latitat. qui vero nec uxores unquam duxerunt nec proximas necessitudines habent, ad summos honores perveniunt....' adibitis' inquit oppidum, tamquam in pestilentia campos, in quibus nihil aliud est nisi cadavera, quae lacerantur, aut corvi, qui lacerant.' Hor. ep. 1 1 77 seq. Obbar.

I

LAENAS

circumflexed on the last syllable Prisc. v § 22. From the province the fortunehunter Laenas obtains fish to be presented to the orba (111 129 n.) Aurelia, which she again sends to market.

VENDAT Sen. ep. 95 (supr. Iv 15 n.) relates that Tiberius once sent a fine mullet to market which had been sent to him as a present.

99 seq. MURAENA Mart. XIII 80 1 quae natat in Siculo grandis muraena profundo. Clem. Al. paed. 1 1 § 3 oi dè èžvμveîv oùк aloxúvoνtaι τὰς σφετέρας ήδυπαθείας τὰς ἐν τῷ πορθμῷ τῷ Σικελικῷ σμυραίνας TоλUπ раYμоVOÛTES. Macrob. Sat. III 15 § 7 arcessebantur autem muraenae ad piscinas nostrae urbis ab usque freto Siculo,. illic enim optimae a prodigis esse creduntur. Varr. г. r. 11 6 § 2 muraenae optimae flutae sunt in Sicilia. Plin. h. n. 1x § 169. Gell. VII 16 preferred those of Tartessus. So great was the rage for keeping this fish that Colum. VIII 16 § 5 Licinius Muraena took pride in assuming its name." cf. Macrob. 1. 1. Plin. § 170. Hortensius (or according to others, Crassus, Macrob. al. ap. Hard. ad Plin. ib. § 172. Plut. mor. 89a. 811a. 976a) went into mourning for a favourite muraena Plin. § 172. Antonia, wife of Drusus, ibid. muraenae, quam diligebat, inaures addidit. Marquardt v 2 45. 100 AUSTER XII 69. XIV 268. 101 MADIDAS Claud. laud. Stil. II 394 umidus Auster. panegyr. ad Pis. 137 cessat hiemps madidos et siccat vere capillos. 102 CONTEMNUNT brave.' VI 90 contempsit pelagus. Ix 120. x 123. 103 ANGUILLA COGNATA COLUBRAE Varr. 1. 1. v § 77 vocabula piscium pleraque translata a terrestribus

LINA IV 45.

CARCERE X 181.

103-112]

SUBURA. SENECA. PISO.

261

ex aliqua parte similibus rebus, ut anguilla [from anguis]. cf. exis, ëyxe-
Aus. The resemblance (which makes Highlanders loathe eels) is only
superficial.
104 MACULIS Colum. VIII 17 § 8 sine macula

(nam sunt et varii) lupos includemus.
TIBERINUS Hor.
s. II 2 31. Colum. vIII 16 § 4 fastidire docuit fluvialem lupum, nisi
quem Tiberis adverso torrente defatigasset. Macrob. Sat. III 16
§§ 11-18. Plin. h. n. ix § 169 lupi pisces [meliores] in Tiberi amne
inter duos pontes.
105 the lupus or pike Marquardt v 2 44-5.
PINGUIS Lucilius called the lupus of the Tiber ligurritor
catillo. Macrob. ib. scilicet qui proxime ripas stercus insectaretur.

TORRENTE Plin. xxxvi § 104 seq. cloacas, opus omnium dictu
maximum, suffossis montibus atque.... urbe pensili subterque navigata
M. Agrippae in aedilitate [B.c. 33] post consulatum. permeant corrivati
septem amnes cursuque praecipiti torrentium modo rapere
atque auferre omnia coacti, insuper imbrium mole concitati, vada
ac latera quatiunt.
106 SUBURAE 111 5 n. XI 51 n.

The Subura lay in the hollow formed by the junction of three valleys
i. that between the Quirinal and Viminal; ii. that between the Viminal
and Esquiline; iii. that which separates the northerly portion of the
Esquiline from the chief mass of the hill. E. H, Bunbury in Class.
Mus. v 219 this position coincides admirably well with Iuv. v 104 seq.
which represents the cloaca under the Subura as directly accessible from
the Tiber. The remains of the great cloaca which led from the low
grounds in this direction towards the Tiber, were brought to light by
excavations in the year 1743.' ib. a small piazza in this locality still
bears the name Subura.' Becker 1 532 seq. Burn Rome and the Cam-
pagna 79. 230.
107 cf. XIV 210-1 talibus instantem

monitis quemcumque parentem | sic possem affari.
IPSI Virroni.

te volo.

PAUCA VELIM dicere. Ter. Andr. 1 1 2 paucis FACILEM SI PRAEBEAT AUREM Ov. m. v 333—4 sed forsitan otia non sint nec nostris praebere vacet tibi cantibus aures. cf. Burm. Hor. 2. 1 1 22. 109 Mart. XII 36 1 seq. libras quattuor aut duas amico | algentemque togam brevemque laenam | . quod nemo nisi tu, Labulle, donas, non es, crede mihi, bonus: quid ergo? | ut verum loquar, optimus malorum. | Pisones Senecasque Memmiosque | et Crispos mihi redde, sed priores. ib. XIV 122. SENECA see his

de ben. e.g. 1 1 § 7 gratus esse adversus eum quisquam potest, qui beneficium aut superbe abiecit aut iratus impegit aut fatigatus, ut molestia careret, dedit? ib. 5 § 2 nec aurum nec argentum nec quidquam eorum quae a proximis accipiuntur, beneficium est, sed ipsa tribuentis voluntas. ib. 6 § 1 quid est ergo beneficium? benevola actio tribuens gaudium capiensque tribuendo, in id quod facit prona et sponte sua parata. ib. c. 14. PISO C. Calpurnius Piso conspired against Nero, A.D. 65 (see Merivale or Höck and Friedländer 13 207). Tac. xv 48 is Calpurnio genere ortus.... claro apud vulgum rumore erat per virtutem aut species virtutibus similes: namque facundiam tuendis civibus exercebat, largitionem adversus amicos et ignotis quoque comi sermone et congressu. Bassi (?) paneg. in Pis. 97 seq. quis tua cultorum iuvenis facunde, tuorum limina pauper adit, quem non animosa beatum excipit et subito iuvat indulgentia censu? 111 Lyd. de

COTTA VII 95 n.

rag. I 20 μάρτυς ὁ ̔Ρωμαῖος Ιουβενάλιος, εἰπὼν καὶ ὑπατειῶν καὶ θριάμβων
καὶ τῶν ἐν πολέμοις ἀνδραγαθημάτων πρώτην γενέσθαι τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὴν
ἀπὸ τῶν χαρισμάτων εὔκλειαν.
112 CIVILITER Sen.

1

262

CIVILITER. IECUR ANSERIS. ALTILIS. [V 112-116

exc. cont. Iv pr. § 5 p. 376 20 non civiliter tantum, sed etiam familiariter. Baumgarten-Crus. clav. Suet. civilis. Plin. pan. 2 § 4 seq. 78 § 4. Tac. an. 1 54. Suet. Caes. 75. Aug. 51. Tib. 11. 26. Vesp. 9. Vell. II 40 § 3 civilis. cf. in Nep. 1 8 § 4. xxv 3 § 1 communis. As an equal with equals.' dημoтIK@s DCass. LVII 9 § 1. FACE L. Müller de re metr. 401. 113 Plat. Menex. 246° λλ yàp ỏ TOLOÛTOS TλOUTET KAD Oυx avr. St. Luke xII 21 Wetst. Mart. Ix 3 1 pauper amicitiae cum sis, Lupe, non es amicae.

114 ANSERIS IECUR Plin. h. n. x § 52 nostri sapientiores, qui eos [anseres] iecoris bonitate novere. fartilibus in magnam amplitudinem crescit; exemptum quoque lacte mulso augetur. nec sine causa in quaestione est, quis primus tantum bonum invenerit, Scipione Metellus . . . an M. Seius. id. VIII § 209 adhibetur et ars iecori feminarum [suum] sicut anserum. Athen. Ix p. 384°. Mart. XIII 58 aspice quam tumeat magno iecur ansere maius! | miratus dices hoc, rogo, crevit ubi?' The geese were fattened on figs Hor. s. 11 8 88 pinguibus et ficis pastum iecur anseris albae. Pollux vi 49 ἔξεστι δ' εἰπεῖν ἥπατα σεσυ κασμένα, ἥπατα συῶν σεσυκοτραγηκότων ἢ χηνείων ἡπάτων. On this delicacy (Ov. f. 1 453. Pers. vI 71) Elagabalus fed his dogs Lamprid. 20 fin. cf. Mart. III 82 19. Galen vi 704 K. Pallad. 1 30 § 4. WernsdorfLemaire 1 594. In our own time Strasbourg is famous for its pâtés de foies gras, made of the livers of geese, which are enlarged to an unnatural size by shutting the birds up singly in coops too narrow to allow them to turn, and stuffing them twice a day with maize. They are generally kept in a dark cellar (cf. Sen. ep. 122 § 4 aves quae conviviis comparantur, ut immotae facile pinguescant, in obscuro continentur: ita sine ulla exercitatione iacentibus, tumor pigrum corpus invadit et super membra iners sagina succrescit) and the winter is the season for fattening them, coolness being essential. In some cases the liver has attained the weight of two or even three lbs. (Murray's hand-book).

115 ALTILIS Varr. r. r. III 9 §§ 19-21 includunt in locum tepidum et angustum et tenebricosum, quod motus earum et lux pinguitudini inimica,

evulsis ex alis pinnis et e cauda farciunt turundis hordeaceis, partim admixtis ex farina loliacea aut semine lini ex aqua dulci. The process occupied twenty-five days, or if the birds were fed on steeped wheat and wine, twenty. the lex sumptuaria of C. Fannius Strabo, cons. B.c. 161, ordained Plin. h. n. x §§ 139-140 'ne quid volucre poneretur praeter unam gallinam quae non esset altilis.' quod deinde caput translatum per omnes leges ambulavit. inventumque diverticulum est in fraudem earum gallinaceos quoque pascendi lacte madidis cibis. multo ita gratiores adprobantur. Mart. XIII 62 pascitur et dulci facilis gallina farina, | pascitur et tenebris. ingeniosa gula est. ib. 63. 64. cf. Lucian de merc. cond. 26. FLAVI MELEAGRI Il. B 642 gaveòs Meλéaypos. on the Kalydonian boar-hunt cf. ib. I 525 seq. Ov. met. VIII 270 seq. Mart. VII 27 1-2 Tuscae glandis aper populator et ilice multa | iam piger, Aetolae fama secunda ferae. id. 1x 49 Garricus promising Mart. quarter of his estate, the poet encouraged his good disposition with gifts: inter quae rari Laurentem ponderis aprum misimus; Aetola de Calydone putes. | Garricus invites all Rome, populum patresque, to the feast; Martial alone is left in the cold; not a spare rib, not the tail, is sent to him: de quadrante tuo quid sperem, Garrice? nulla | de nostro nobis uncia venit apro. id. XIII 93 qui Diomedeis metuendus setiger agris | Aetola cecidit cuspide, talis erat. ib. 41 2 Aetolo de sue dives edat.

116 FUMAT APER Mart. XIV 221 2 spumeus in longa cuspide fumet aper.

116-121] TIBI HABE. STRUCTOR SALTANS.

n. 2.

263

APER I 140-1n. Plin. h. n. vIII 78 (51) solidum aprum Romanorum primus in epulis apposuit P. Servilius Rullus, pater eius Rulli, qui Ciceronis consulatu legem agrariam promulgavit. tam propinqua origo nunc cotidianae rei est. et hoc annales notarunt, horum scilicet ad emendationem morum: quibus non [lege ne] tota quidem cena, sed in principio bini ternique pariter manduntur apri. Becker Gallus III 191 seq. Lucian Saturnal. 28. esp. Mart. 1 43 cited p. 152. Petron. 40. Marquardt v 2 40. TUBERA XIV 1. Mart. XIII 50. Plin. xix § 37 from Theophr. ap. Athen. II p. 62ab de tuberibus haec traduntur peculiariter: cum fuerint imbres auctumnales ac tonitrua crebra, tunc nasci et maxime e tonitribus, nec ultra annum durare, tenerrima autem verno esse. Plutarch rejects the fable qu. conv. Iv 2 p. 664 seq. 118 TIBI HABE III 188. Munro on Lucr. III 135. Cic. Verr. Iv §§ 18. 151. Mart. 11 48 8. VIII 37 3. x 51 16 quae tua sunt, tibi habe: quae mea, redde mihi. vII 48 4 vobis habete cited on I 137 p. 149. Suet. Caes. 1 sibi haberent. Quintil. xI 2 § 26. FRUMENTUM VIII 117 n. Pind. Isthm. III 72=IV 91 πuρopóρov A‹ßúav. id. Pyth. Iv 6. Lucian navig. 1. Stat. s. III 3 20. Namat. 1 147—8. ALLEDIUS an unknown gourmand, is willing that the Libyan corn-fleets should cease to supply the poor citizens with bread, provided Libyan truffles are sent over for the rich. On the form Alledius see Bücheler in Rhein. Mus. 3 Folge xi 296. 119 DUM Madvig § 352 b TUBERA Plin. XIX § 34 laudatissima Africae. Aug. de mor. Manich. § 51 piperata tubera, a great delicacy. 120 STRUCTOREM the structor arranged the dishes on the tray in which they were served up. Verg. Aen. 1 704 penum struere. Serv. ad 1. struere. ordinare, componere: unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum compositores. Petron. 35 repositorium enim rotundum duodecim habebat signa in orbe disposita, super quae proprium convenientemque materiae structor imposuerat cibum. King Iuba Athen. Iv p. 170° identified the structor with the Greek TражεŠOKÓμOS Oг TраTESOTоlós. Another part of his office was to carve the dishes (which he did with artistic flourishes, Xeɩpovoμoûvтa, Iuv. x1 136 seq.), in which capacity he was also called carptor, scissor, diribitor Mart. x 48 15. Marquardt v 1 152. Sil. x1 277. 121 SALTANTEM Petron. 36 ad symphoniam quattuor tripudiantes procurrerunt superioremque partem repositorii abstulerunt.... damus omnes plausum a familia incep tum.... Trimalchio eiusmodi methodio laetus Carpe' inquit. processit statim scissor et ad symphoniam ita gesticulatus laceravit obsonium, ut putares essedarium hydraule cantante pugnare. Plin. h. n. § 140 postea culinarum artes, ut clunes spectentur, ut dividantur in tergora, ut a pede uno dilatatae repositoria occupent. Sen. ep. 47 §§ 6-7 alius pretiosas aves scindit: pectus et clunes certis ductibus circumferens eruditam manum in frusta excutit. infelix, qui huic uni rei vivit, ut altilia decenter secet: nisi quod miserior est, qui hoc voluptatis causa docet, quam qui necessitatis discit. id. de brev. vit. 12 § 5 quanta arte scindantur aves in frusta non enormia. id. de vit. beat. 17 § 2 quare ars est apud te ministrare, . ... et est aliquis scindendi obsonii magister? It is not necessary here to take saltare as in Plin. ep. Ix 34 § 2 quae pronuntiabit, murmure oculis manu prosequar. sed puto me non minus male saltare, quam legere. cf. Gesn. ad 1. CHIRONOMUNTA VI thing, supr. 72 n.

63. Quintil. 11 § 17. A Greek name for a Greek Sidon. ep. IV 7 cum apud crudos caeparumque cra→

264

DICTATA. HISCO. TRIA NOMINA. [V 121-131

pulis esculentos hic agant vulgus, illic ea comitate retractabitur ac si inter Apicios epulones et Byzantinos chironomuntas hucusque ructaverit. Ioan. Sarisb. polycrat. 1 4 where he is ridiculing the passion for field sports ad haec carnificium eorum artem exigit et artem facit, suum habet opificem chironomunta volanti cultello, nunc pugione stricto, nunc hebetata machaera mirabilis, si te casu sollemniis eorum contigerit interesse. Clem. Al. paed. III § 26 φεύγοντες γὰρ αὐτουργίαν καὶ αὐτοδιακονίαν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεράποντας καταφεύγουσιν, ὀψοποιῶν καὶ τραπεζοποιῶν καὶ τῶν ἐντέχνως εἰς μοίρας κατατεμνόντων τὰ κρέα τὸν πολὺν συνωνούμενοι ὄχλον. 122 x 136 seq. n.

DICTATA

PERAGAT Luc. VI 817 fata peregit. 'lessons.' Hor. ep. 1 1 55. Cic. fin. 11 § 95. IV § 10. n. d. 1 § 72. Tusc. II § 26. VM. 11 3 § 2. Suet. Caes. 26. Petron. 45 fin. Thraex, qui et ipse ad dictata pugnavit. Lips. Sat. 1 15.

125 Verg. Aen. VIII 264 pedibusque informe cadaver | protrahitur. On Cacus cf. ib. 190-267. Ov, f. 1 554 seq. Prop. v IV 9.

127 HISCERE if you but venture to open your mouth.' Cic. Phil. II § 111 n. respondebisne ad haec aut omnino his cere audebis? Add Att. 157 hem vereor plus, quam fas est, captivam hiscere. Lucr. iv 66. Mützell on Curt, vi 9=36 § 32. Liv. XXXIX 36 § 2. Ov. m. XIII 321. Mühlmann 1 2 1206—7. NOMINA most freeborn Romans had (1) a praenomen, as Publius, which denoted the individual: (2) a nomen, as Cornelius, which denoted his gens; (3) a cognomen, as Scipio, which denoted his familia or stirps. Freedmen also assumed the praenomen and nomen of their liberator before their own name, as M. Tullius Tiro. Artem. I 45 ἐγένετο ἐλεύθερος καὶ ἀνθ' ἑνὸς ὀνόματος τρία ἔσχε δύο τοῦ ἀπελευθερώσαντος προσλαβὼν ὀνόματα. cf. id. v 91. Hence we may translate (cl. infr. 161 seq.) as though you were free.' See Auson, idyll. x1 80 tria nomina nobiliorum, Hor. s. 11 5 32. Plut. quaest, Rom. 102 xpŵvrai dè dvol pèr óvóμaow al Ońλeiai, Tploi de oi äppeves, Sen. de ben. Iv 8 § 3 si, quod a Seneca accepisses, Annaeo te debere diceres vel Lucio, non creditorem mutares, sed nomen, quoniam sive praenomen eius sive nomen dixisses sive cognomen, idem tamen ille esset. cod. vII 16 § 9. Plut. Mar. 1. Marquardt v 1 11. 15. 17. 23, 26-7. PROPINAT Mart. has o

II 15 1. III 82 31. vr 44 6. but 1 68 3. II 82 25. VIII 6 13. x 49 3. XII 79. L. Müller de re metr, 363-4, Lucian Saturnal. 18 Tάvres Tâσi πρоTIVÉTWOαv v ééλwσi. Mart, 11 15 (cf. contacta Iuv. 128) quod nulli calicem tuum propinas, | humane facis, Herme, non superbe. id. III 82 25 and 31, vi 44 6. vIII 6 13. x 49 3-4 propinas modo conditum Sabinum, | et dicis mihi, Cotta, vis in auro?' Apul. met. x 16 'heus' ait 'puer, lautum diligenter ecce illum aureum cantharum mulso contempera et offer parasito meo, simul quod ei praebiberim commoneto.' The one first took a draught, and then passed the cup to the other. So Theramenes, when by order of the thirty tyrants he drank hemlock in prison, said to the public slave who brought it VM. 1 2 § 6 Critiae propino. vide igitur ut hoc poculum ad eum continuo perferas. Sen, de ben, II 21 § 5. Marquardt v 1 346—7. 129 VESTRUM parasitorum.

REGI 161 n.

130 PERDITUS reckless. PLURIMA SUNT QUAE XIV 1. 3.

131 VII 134. Quintil. vIII pr. § 20 cultus concessus atque magnificus addit hominibus, ut Graeco versu testatum est, auctoritatem. Theogn. 1778 καὶ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πενίῃ δεδμημένος οὔτε τι εἰπεῖν | οὔθ ̓ ἕρξαι δύναται, γλώσσα δέ οἱ δέδεται. Phaedr. III epil. 34 palam mutire