correlation. There is a literary side to nature study, and a natural history side to literature. Many of the greatest authors have been ardent lovers of nature, and have drawn liberally on their knowledge of nature in beautifying what they have written. Many a reader, from lack of knowledge or from careless habits, passes over the most delightful things, as blind and deaf as he who sees no beauty in the wild flowers and hears no melody in the songs of birds.

For the second lesson of this character we will take the second and third chapters of The King of the Golden River, hoping to find an abundance of figures based on nature in some of its forms. We may not find many. Some writers use few. We suspect that Ruskin used them freely; as a matter of fact he was one of the greatest lovers of nature, a man who labored hard to bring art and nature together and to find a place for them in the lives of all.

We find in the second chapter the following nature figures:

a.

Southwest Wind, Esquire, page 418.

b. His relations, the West Winds, page 418.

C.

It looks more like silk, page 419.

d. The hot breath of the furnace, page 420. e. Bright tongues of fiery cloud burning and quivering about them, page 420.

f.

h.

A clear metallic voice, page 420. g. Like that of a kettle on the boil, page 421. As smooth and polished as a river, page 421. The prismatic colors gleamed over it, as if on a surface of mother-of-pearl, page 422.

i.

j. In order to allow time for the consternation to evaporate, page 424.

In the third chapter are the following:

a. Knotty question, page 426.

b. Like a line of forked lightning, page 427. (This whole paragraph is a wonderfully beautiful description.)

C. Rose like slow smoke, page 427.

d. In feeble wreaths, page 428.

e.

Shrieks resembling those of human voices in distress or pain, page 428.

f. None like the ordinary forms of splintered ice, page 428.

g. Deceitful shadows, page 428.

h. Lurid lights played, page 428.

i.

Ice yawned into fresh chasms, page 428. j. Fell thundering across his path, page 429. k. Rays beat intensely, page 429.

1. Its lips parched and burning, page 430. m. Long snake-like shadows, page 430.

n.

0.

p.

q.

r.

S.

The leaden weight of the dead air pressed upon his brow and heart, page 430.

Shaped like a sword, page 431.

Like a red-hot ball, page 431.

They shook their crests like tongues of fire,

page 432.

Flashes of bloody light gleamed along their foam, page 432.

An icy chill shot through his limbs, page 432. t. The moaning of the river, page 432. u. The Black Stone, page 432.

CHAPTER XVI

JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND IN ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL-(Continued)

T

Geography and History

HE connection between geography and history on the one hand and literature on the other is most intimate. In the first place nearly all our knowledge of history must come through reading, and while we learn our

geography most accurately through travel and observation, but a small part of our information comes through those channels. We read incessantly of our own country and others, we fill our minds with visions of plants, animals and the peoples of foreign lands from the facts we gather from the papers, magazines and books. If most of our facts come through reading it is no less true that most of our real interest in geography and history comes not from the facts of our text-books but from the literature we have read, the literature that clothed those facts and made them real and living. Ask yourselves what gave you your first real interest in the history of Scotland and see if your answer is not, "The novels of Scott." Again, where did you get your first adequate ideas of chivalry and the feudal system if it was not from Ivanhoe or some similar piece of literature? What makes the Crimean War a household word in the homes of two continents if it is not the deeds of