Some portion of these substances remain in the castiron, and probably a larger portion in white cast-iron, thus being the cause of its superior hardness and brittleness. The greatest portion of these substances separate during the refining when this operation is well performed, being found in the scoria and in the iron sublimed into the chimnies of the forges. Nevertheless, some traces remain even in the best iron; and it is probable that phosphorus, chromium or manganese, are the principal causes of the red short, or cold short quality of iron.

Iron-masters ought to pay the greatest attention to the refining of the iron, for the good qualities of iron depend greatly upon it.

Phosphorus and chromium must not only be looked for in the solution of cast and forged iron, but also in the residuum of these solutions. During the solution of iron, and especially of grey cast-iron, the hydrogen and carbon unite, and form an oil, which, along with a small quantity of phosphorus, communicates à fetid odour to the hydrogen that is emitted, renders this gas heavier than ordinary, and causes it to burn with a blue fame. This oil is separated from the hydrogen, and destroyed by oxymuriatic acid.

List of Patents for Inventions, &c.1 X2

(Continued from Vol. XIV. Page 418.) JAMES YOUNIE, of Theobald's Row, in the county of

Middlesex, Smith; for a machine or instrument, to be applied to stoves or grates, for preventing accidents by fire, and whereby the fires in stoves or grates may be

put

put out and extinguished with safety and facility. Dated March 28, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

ELIZABETH PERRYMAN, of Greek-strect, Soho, in the county of Middlesex; for a street and hall lamp, and the necessary apparatus for expediting the trimming, lighting, and cleansing, the said street and hall lamp. Dated March 29, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

RICHARD WILLCOX, of the parish of St. Mary Lambeth, in the county of Surrey, Mechanist; for sundry apparatus or machinery for accelerating the manufacturing of felt or stuff hats, and for cutting and removing by machinery the furs of beavers, rabbits, and the whole variety of skins, the furs or wool of which are used for the purpose of hat-making. Dated April 3, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

RICHARD WILLCOX, as above; for certain machinery for facilitating the manufacturing of stuff, wool, and other hats and bonnets felted. Dated April 3, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

JOHN THOMAS GROVES, of Great Scotland-yard, Whitehall, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire; for an improved mode of constructing buildings by which great expense, labour, and time is saved, and the buildings secured from dry-rot, with other advantages. Dated April 3, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within one month. JOHN FREDERICK ARCHBOLD, of Great Charlottestreet, in the county of Surrey, Gentleman; for a method of converting salt or sea water into fresh water both on land and on-board of ship at sea. Dated April 18, 1809. Specification to be enrolled months.

within six

WILLIAM

WILLIAM PLEASANTS the elder, of Abby-street, in the city of Dublin, Bachelor of Arts, for a self-mover, or machine which can keep itself in motion. Dated April 19, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

PHILLIPS LONDON the elder, and PHILLIPS LONDON the younger, of the parish of Saint Luke's Chelsea, in the county of Middlesex, Gentlemen; for certain new and improved methods or processes of manufacturing, refining, and purifying muriate of soda or common salt. Dated April 19, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

PHILLIS BOWN THOMASON, wife of Edward Thomason, of Birmingham, Manufacturer; for improvements in the making of umbrellas and parasols. Dated April 19, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within one month,

MATTHIAS WILKS, of Brabant-court, in the city of London, Merchant; for a compound substance or cake for the feeding of horses and other animals. Dated April 20, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within two months.

JOHN BARTON, of Tunbridge, in the County of Kent, Gentleman; for a machine for raising weights or water with greater facility, and at less expense, than any at present used. Dated April 25, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within two mouths.

RICHARD TREVITHICK, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and ROBERT DICKINSON, of Great Queen-street, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire; for certain inventions calculated to improve naval architecture and navigation, and to contribute to the comforts and better subsistence of mariners. Dated April 29, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

Specification of the Patent granted to GEORGE FINCH the Younger, of King-street, Saint Anne Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Orris Weaver; for manufacturing various Kinds of Metal Laces so as to imitate Gold and Silver Laces, and also of manufacturing Gold and Silver on Laces. Dated February 4, 1809.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said George Finch do hereby declare that my said invention is particularly described and ascertained in the manner following; that is to say: For manufacturing yellow copper. lace; the wire to be drawn down to about the size of fourteen-penny silver or finer, to be flatted and spun in the engine upon fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of a yellow, orange, or lemon colour, of various shades or tints, as the work may require, and to be woven upon fine thread, cotton, yarn, or incle, the size of spun silk, of the same colour, shades, or VOL. XV. SECOND SERIES, tints,

K

tints, the warp to be weighted as a spun silk warp, and to be woven in a loom. For manufacturing yellow cop-per wire lace; the wire to be drawn down to about the size of fine twenty-penny coppers, to be shot upon a fine warp of cotton, weighted as a spun silk warp, and to be woven in a loom. For manufacturing yellow copper French braid lace; the wire to be drawn down to about the size of fourteen-penny silver or finer, flatted and spun in the engine upon fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of the same colour, shades, or tints, as the yellow copper lace before described and explained, likewise to be platted with loaded bobbins upon a cushion, in the same manner as the gold French braid is manufactured, and to be calendered as gold French braid. For manufacturing yellow copper Prussian braids; the wire to be drawn down to about the size of fourteenpenny silver or finer, to be flatted and spun in the engine upon fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of a yellow, orange, or lemon colour, of various shades or tints, as the work may require; the warp for the orris and edges to be manufactured of the preceding articles, to be backed with a warp of thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of the same colour, shades, or tints, as the preceding; to be shot with fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of the same colour, shades, or tints preceding, as the colour of the work may require, and to be woven in a loom. For manufacturing yellow copper sattin braid and other braids; the wire to be drawn down to about the size of fourteen-penny silver or finer, to be flatted and spun in the engine upon fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of the same colour, shades, and tints, as before directed for the warps and edges; to be shot with fine thread, yarn, incle, or cotton, of the same

1

colour,

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