of the churn staff, The flat part of each vane is cut, so as to be inclined to the plane in which all four lie, in the same manner, as the sails of a windmill, as is well explained by Figs. 5 and 6. When the beater is moved up and down through the cream, its action upon the oblique vanes causes it to turn round upon a pin abovementioned, as a centre. a, Fig. 7, is a small bolt sliding in a groove made in the churn staff K L; its ends shut into a hole b, Fig. 5, made in one of the vanes; when this bolt is pushed down, it prevents the vanes from turning round, for the purpose of collecting the butter together at the top of the butter-milk when the churning is done. | Improvement in cutting Silk-Shag Edgings. By Mr. PETER TANSLEY, of Wheeler-street, Spitalfields. With Engravings. From the TRANSACTIONS of the SOCIETY for the Encouragement of ARTS, MANUFACTURES, and COMMERCE. Five Guineas were awarded for this Invention. IN the latter end of March, 1806, my employer, Mr. Jeffery, of Bow-lane, Cheapside, applied to me with a pattern of silk-shag, about six-eighths of an inch wide, which he wished to be executed as quick as possible. Being aware how tedious an operation it was to cut the shag with the trivat, the instrumen generally used by the shag-weavers for that purpose, I thought I could invent an instrument which would cut it in one-third of the usual time; I therefore drew the plan of one, and gave it to Mr. Baker, a cutler in Artillery-passage, Artillery Artillery-street, Spitalfields, to make according to my instructions; which he did, and which answered my expectations in the work. In October, 1806, I made for the same gentleman a figured shag, one inch and three quarters wide, and cut it with the same instrument, as certified by my employer and his son-in-law. Reference to the Engraving of Mr. TANSLEY'S Implement for cutting Shag. Fig. 8 (Plate III.) shews the steel implement or cutter, as placed or woven within the threads previous to their being cut with it, the cutting being performed by merely drawing out the knife, the sharp edge of which cuts the threads, and forms the shag by that operation. Fig. 9 shews the implement detached from the work; R being the part held in the hand, and S the sharp blade which cuts the threads.. This is to certify, that Peter Tansley, of Wheelerstreet, is the sole inventor of the cutter for making narrow shag; that its utility is well known; and that I have within fourteen days made four hundred of these improved instruments. W. Baker, Working-Cutler, 13, Artillery-passage, Bishopsgate Without. Certificates were received from the following persons, stating the very great utility of the instrument, their persuasion of its being superior to any other thing of the kind ever invented, as making the work equally good, with greater ease and in half the time, and that Mr. Peter Tansley is the original inventor.-Thomas Jeffery, 48, Bow-lane, Cheapside; Thomas Bradley, jun. Chiswell G 2 Chiswell-street; William Hewitt, 2, Wilson-street, Moorfields; Thomas Bright, 48, Gutter-lane; John Farmer, 3, Staining-lane; W. Ogbun, 11, Beech-street; Henry Ogbun, Crown-street; John Ogbun, 75, Sun-street ; Steph. Watters, 37, Wood-street, Cheapside; John Peter Claret, Hayes-court, Soho.. Description of an improved Screw-Wrench, to fit differentsized Nuts or Heads of Screws. By Mr. WILLIAM BARLOW, of His Majesty's Dock-Yard, Portsmouth. With Engravings. d From the TRANSACTIONS of the SOCIETY for the Encouragement of ARTS, MANUFACTURES, and COMMERCE. A Premium of Five Guineas was presented to Mr. BARLOW for this Invention. I HAVE found, from long experience, the imperfections of the various wrenches in common use, for the screw-heads and nuts of engines in general, which are often materially injured for want of an instrument which would fit variety of sizes, and be applied with as much advantage as a solid wrench. I have had it in view tọ unite steadiness with conveniency in making such an instrument; and flattering myself that I have obtained both, I am desirous to communicate my invention to the Society, and have therefore sent an instrument on the principle I have actually used, and which has met with the approbation of my employers and other persons. This wrench, by means of a nut and screw, is adjusted with the greatest ease to the exact size required, and in that state rendered so steady that in use it is found equal to a solid wrench. I have for several ycars been intrusted with the care and repairs of many valuable engines of various descriptions, composing the block-machinery in this dock-yard, and I have always considered it as an object of great importance, for the preservation and neat appearance of engines, to attend to all the means which would obtain these advantages, and such, I think, will arise from the use of my universal wrench. It is perhaps unnecessary to point out, that a wrench on this principle may be varied in its form and size so as to be rendered probably more convenient for some particular purposes for which such instruments are required. Reference to the Engraving of Mr. BARLOW's improved Screw-Wrench. Fig. 10 (Plate III.) is a perspective view of it; Fig. 11 a section of its head; and Fig. 12 an external representation of the head. The screw-head or nut to be turned is held between two jaws, one of which, gy BK, is forged in the same piece with the handle AA; the other, fg, is moveable between two chukes, and fastened to the fixed jaw by the strong screw i, which is fixed to the same jaw, passes through the moveable one, as shewn in the section Fig. 11, and has a nut screwed upon it; the other screw h is tapped through the moveable jaw, and its point presses upon the bottom of a cavity made in the fixed jaw shewn at m in the section Fig. 11. To make the wrench fit any particular screwhead or nut, the nut upon the strong screw i must first be loosened, and the screw h screwed in or out of the moveable jaw, until the opening bg is just the proper width to receive the screw-head or nut to be turned by the the wrench; the nut of the screw i is then to be screwed down until it presses upon the jaw, and holds it perfectly tight. On gaining Land from the Sea. By the Right Honourable Lord BORINGDON. From the TRANSACTIONS of the SOCIETY for the Encou- The Gold Medal was adjudged to Lord BORINGDON for this I HAVE the honour to acquaint you, that by means The land which has been gained was formerly called Chelson Bay, and was overflowed twice every twentyfour hours by the tide of the sea. For the construction of the embankment I contracted with Mr. James Green, Engineer, of Birmingham, a gentleman of very distinguished science in the profession to which he belongs, and to whose unceasing zeal and attention I attribute the success of the work. The embankment is about 970 yards, or 2,910 feet in length, the average height above the surface of the mud is about sixteen feet per: pendicular, at which height it is considered to be two feet above the highest tide ever known; the average width of the base is about ninety-one feet, the width at top three feet, the slope on the outside (next to the sea) is covered with lime-stone paving, underneath which is a water-tight puddle of about three feet thick, which prevents the water penetrating in any part; the inside slope is soiled and sown with grass seeds. |