weight of the lever a, so that the frame of the roller d and its frame or weight c at the inner part of the lever a, and also the weight of the back l, knife h, connecting rod i, at the other end of the lever a, and also the weight of the lever a, act as a weight or pressure on the article whilst the knife is cutting it; and the roller d and its frame or weight c, at the inner part of the lever a, when the back to which the knife is fixed rises, act as a counterpoise for them till the roller d meets the article that is in the box; the lever a then changes its fulcrum to the roller d, which causes the compresser to rise to admit of the article coming forward to be cut,

My machine may be worked either by a lever, as described in Figs. 1 and 2, or with a fly-wheel, crank, and connecting rod, as in Fig. 7.

Fig. 8 is the lever detached.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to JAMES GREllier, of Aldborough Hatch, in the Parish of Barking, in the County of Essex, Esquire; for a Building of a peculiar Construction, for the Purpose of burning Coke and Lime, whereby the superfluous Heat of the Fire used in burning the Coke is applied to burn the Lime, and also whereby such Fire may be rendered perpetual,

Dated February 13, 1809.'

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said James Grellier do hereby declare that the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained as follows; that is to say; I do construct

my kiln or building of brick, or other fit materials for works of this or the like nature, with compartments, spaces, or chambers therein, for the purposes of burning coal to convert the same into coke, and of burning or igniting lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, to convert the same into quick-lime. And I do make one or more of the said compartments, spaces, or chambers, respectively, of the form of the common coke-oven, or of any other form and convenient size, which may be adapted for burning coal, and converting the same into coke. And I do burn my coal therein separately and apart from the lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies which are to be converted into quick-lime in my said kiln or building; and from the said compartments, spaces, or chambers last mentioned, I do make or cause the usual flues to proceed. And farther I do make one or more, but in general one only, of the compartments, spaces, or chambers, of my said kiln or building, conical or cylindrical, or of such a figure and convenient size as may be adapted for burning or igniting limestones, or other calcareous bodies therein, for the purpose aforesaid, as in the common lime-kiln. And I do direct or lead the said flues into the compartment, space, or chamber, or compartments, spaces, or chambers lastmentioned, in order that the heat from the coke-oven or ovens may act upon lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, which I do place within the said compartment, space, or chamber, or compartments, spaces, or chambers, and may convert the said lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, into lime.

And I do farther declare, that the relative positions or situations of the parts of my said kiln or building, and also the respective dimensions of the said parts, do

admit of very considerable variation, concerning which it is not needful to give farther explanations to persons sufficiently acquainted with the construction of limekilns; but that it is expedient and necessary that the coke-oven or ovens should be so placed or disposed that the draught from the flues thereof may proceed upwards through the said lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, with sufficient rapidity and effect; and that the space or spaces which in my said invention are appropriated to answer the purposes of the lime-kiln should be duly disposed above the said flues. And the said flues may be made to enter into the lime-kiln, compartment, space, or chamber, through the bottom or floor thereof, the lime being prevented from descending or subsiding as low as the said bottom or floor, by an arched grating or support, constructed of iron bars or of brick-work, or other proper material. Or otherwise the said flues may communicate through the sides of the said compartment, space, or chamber, and by that means communicate the heat to burn or ignite all the lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, which may lie or be disposed above the level of the said places of communication. And in that construction, before described, wherein the lime is supported by an iron grating or other structure, the, burned lime is to be drawn (after the coke-ovens have been discharged) through doors or quarters made, just above the said iron grating or other structure. And in the other construction before described, wherein the flues communicate through the sides of the compartment, space, or chamber, containing the lime, I continue the said compartment, space, or chamber. several feet below the communications from the said flues; and do draw out the burned lime at the bottom in the same

manner

manner as is done with regard to a common lime-kiln. And accordingly, in consequence of the peculiar construction hereinbefore described of my said building, called the union and perpetual kiln, it is practicable and easy to charge the said compartments, spaces, or chambers, intended to answer the purpose of coke-ovens, repeatedly with coal, for the purpose of converting the same into coke, and to charge the compartments, spaces, or chambers, intended to answer the purpose of a limekiln or kilns repeatedly with lime-stone, or other calcareous bodies, for the purpose of converting the same into quick-lime; and also to draw out the said coke and quick-lime at the proper periods, so as to continue the said operations of coke-making and lime-burning perpetually during any length of time which may be required.

And, lastly, I do declare, that although positions, situations, and dimensions of the part of my said kiln or building may be varied as hereinbefore mentioned, yet I do give the preference to coke-ovens of an elliptical form, so disposed in the lower part of a circular building that the longest diameters of the ellipses may respectively lie in radii in one of the horizontal sections of the said building; and the mouths of the said ovens may open externally, and the flues may communicate internally with one lime-kiln, having the axis thereof perpendicular to the horizon, and coincident with the axis of the building itself.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to CHARLES Seward, of Lancaster, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Tinplate-worker; for a new or improved Street-Lamp and Burner, and Lantern Head, for Street and other Lamps and Lanterns. Dated July 26, 1809.

With an Engraving.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Charles Seward do hereby declare that my said invention is fully described and ascertained by the drawings in the margin of these presents, and the following description thereof, and is as follows; that is to say: I shall first give a full description of what I term my new or improved lamp or lantern head, and then proceed to describe my improved street-lamp, observing that the patent being granted for the head and the lamp separately, the head may be used with any other lamp having but one burner. And that these new or improved heads may be applied to different sorts of lamps and lanterns; for the size and even the form of the head may be infinitely varied, and yet the principle thereof remain the same.

The following is a description of the most useful and common form of these heads for street-lamps.

Fig. 1 (Plate XIII.) in the drawings in the margin hereof is a section of a street-lamp complete. It consists of the head hh, d d, ff, e e, the lamp or burner A B, and the globe or glass C CD. The head and lamp are of my improved construction, and the globe is the same as that in common use.

The head consists of a cover dhhd, and of a pipe or chimney ee, which passes through the centre of the