plain proportionate spaces of paper for writing upon at the edges of the straining frames at b b.

Fig. 10 represents, a, the wedge-like straining board with the roller d, the pulley g with its axis passing through the side of the frame eeee, and the key f, as they are to be connected when used. h a flat screw and washer to fasten the pulley g into the frame eeee. bb the sides of the frame a. cece the rabbits into which the frame a is fitted.

Fig. 11. a is a straining frame, over which a cylindric sheet of paper is put, in order to receive one fac simile: that edge of the frame marked ir is made not more than one-twentieth to one-sixth of an inch thick, and the sharp edges taken off, or the edge is made perfectly round. bb are two side pieces of brass, or other metal: the end ii is from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch high, and the end kk is from one-fourth to three-fourths high. c is a toothed roller, turned by the handle d, which is fitted upon a square continuation of the spindle at the left end thereof; on this, except that part of it where the toothed wheel works, is spread a thin coat of bees wax, or the roller may have any other adhesive substance spread over it, or it may be made rough, or filefashion. e is a small pinion wheel, which works in the left end of the toothed roller c, and into the rack g. hh is a thin metal bar, on which the rack g is fastened, and on each end of which on the upper side is a little bees wax, spread thinly, for holding one of the sheets of paper, so as to cause it to pass through the straining frame when the rack g is put in connection with the pinioned wheel e, which is fixed to the brass sides bb, and works also in the toothed roller c. m m are two racks, which are soldered or otherwise fixed to the brass sides

Dd 2

sides by a sliding groove formed in the manner of a dovetail, which are more particularly described by the section q. oo are two small holes to receive the spindle 77: they are of different sizes, to fit the spindle at q x, and r. pp are the holes for the pivots of the spindle c. q is a metal rack, whose upper part slides into the bar, in which is a dove-tailed groove; one of these slide bars is fixed to each of the side plates bb, in the situation described in the drawing at m: this section serves as a more particular description of the racks mm, and of their slide bars. r is the slide bar to receive one of the racks m m. s is the pinioned wheel at the end of the toothed roller u. t the handle of the toothed roller u. u is a representation of the toothed roller which works in the racks q. qr is the part which acts in the hole on the left side piece b. r is that part which acts in the hole on the right side piece b. v is a square part of the spindle fitted into the socket of the right pinion wheel at x. x is the socket into which the square part of the spindle wheel is inserted. y is a nut to fasten the pinion wheel on. the handle. z is a board to rest the hand on, and whose fronted part keeps the paper flat to the straining board. zizi are two pins to fit into the top of any desk where the machine is to be used.

wis

Fig. 12. a a are two pens, of metal or any other material, made to fit into the sockets cc. cc are two sockets calculated to receive the pens. hi shew sections of the sockets c c. ee two sliding clasps, which serve to keep the sockets together, and admit of their sliding freely upon each other, so as to suit the points of the pens to the inclinations required by different hands: one of the clasps at g is soldered to the lower socket. ƒ is a screw to regulate the distance of the pens. g shews the part where

where the upper sliding clasp is rivetted or soldered to the lower socket or handle.

Fig. 13. a is a pen, of any material calculated to fit into the sockets bb. bb are two sockets for the pens, which may be made of any materials. ee are two sliding clasps, which keep the sockets bb in connection with each other. f is a screw to regulate the distance of the pens. g shews the part where the upper sliding clasp is rivetted or soldered to the lower socket or handle: in lieu of one of the pens may be fitted a style or pencil according to the design of the writer.

Fig. 14. a a are spaces cut out of a leaf of paper, which may be of any size: through these spaces the sheet of writing paper, laid underneath the linear paper, presents itself to be written upon. bb are bars of paper left to receive one of the fac similes. Fig. 15. a a cylinder with a closed top. b a piston. c a screw to raise the piston, the head of which turns with the piston. e an aperture into d. d a sponge. f an oval-formed ink-pot joined to a. g a wafer-box. When the ink is wanted, turn the screw so as to press the piston upon the sponge d, tered state into the cistern f.

when it will flow in a fil

When the ink is done

with raise the screw, and it will immediately be absorbed by the sponge d. h is a top which screws on the cylinder a.

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to FREDERICK BARTHOLOMEW FÖLSCH, of Oxford-street, in the Parish of Saint James Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, and WILLIAM HOWARD, of Bedford-street, Lock-fields, in the Parish of Saint Mary Newington, and County of Surrey, Gentleman; for a Machine, Instrument, or Pen, calculated to promote Facility in Writing; and also a certain Black Writing Ink or Composition, the Durability whereof is not to be affected by Time or Change of Climate.

Dated March 4, 1809.

To all to whom these all to whom these presents shall come, &c. NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we the said Frederick Bartholomew Fölsch and William Howard do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of our said inventions, and in what the same are to be performed in manner following; that is to say: The machine, instrument, or pen, is made of glass, enamel, or any sort of stone, or metal, through which a hole can be made or formed. The tube or hole at the point of the instrument or pen is very small, but becomes larger a trifling distance therefrom, and is calculated to contain a much greater quantity of ink than common writing pens the instrument or pen is polished at the point in the usual way.

The ink or composition is made of Frankfort black and butter (without salt); the butter is to be melted, and in that state mixed up with the Frankfort black, then ground very smooth on a stone. The proportion of the ingredients may be of equal quantities in weight. When the ink or composition is mixed, and whilst it continues warm dip a sponge or other soft substance in it, and

smear

smear it regularly over a thin wove writing paper on one side only. A day or two after that has been done the superfluous black which appears on the surface of the paper is to be wiped off with a dry cloth. The paper thus smeared or covered over is to be screwed up very light in a press: many sheets may be put in the same press at one time, observing to place a sheet of blotting paper between each sheet of the smeared paper. The paper may be taken from the press in about forty-eight hours, and is generally fit for use in about a month.

The object to be attained by the use of the above inventions (when used together) is, to produce two or more impressions by one effort in writing, which is thus performed: Take a plate made of tin (called a tablet) or other hard thin substance, the full size of, and place it under, the writing paper; then place a sheet of the inked paper or composition between every sheet of paper to be written or impressed on, observing to place that side downwards which has been smeared over; then place a small plane or piece of flat wood upon the whole, for the purpose of resting the hand on, and which will confine the papers in their proper situations, and prevent the under papers from receiving improper marks. A sufficient quantity of common writing ink being put into the cavity or tube of the pen, proceed to write, and the ink flowing from the point of the tube, will give one impression, and the other impression or impressions will be formed on the under sheet or sheets from the inked paper or composition. The impression on the under sheet or sheets are clearest and best made on thin wove writing paper, and by a hard pressure of the instrument or pen.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification