MARK DOBITO, of Kirtling, in the county of Cam, bridge, Farmer; for an improved plough for underdraining land. Dated June 8, 1809. Specification to enrolled within two months.

JOHN PHILIP FESENMEYER, of the parish of St. Clement Danes, in the county of Middlesex, Gentleman; for certain improvements in the construction and work. ing of steam and atmospheric engines, by which they may be more advantageously worked than hitherto. Dated June 15, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

GEORGE ALEXANDER THOMPSON, of Great Charlottestreet, in the county of Surrey, Gentleman; for a piece of machinery or instrument for cutting the wick of a lighted candle, and keeping the same in perfect trim and of a proper length. Dated June 15, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within two months.

CHARLES NORTON, of Birmingham, in the county of Warwick, Builder; for certain improvements in the construction of houses and other buildings, whereby a considerable expense will be saved in the erection thereof, and the same rendered more durable and secure from fire. Dated June 20, 1809. Specification to be enrolled within two months.

Specification of the Parent granted to RALPH WEDGWOOD, of Oxford-street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman; for an Apparatus for producing several original Writings or Drawings at one and the same Time, which he calls a Penna-polygraph or Pen and Stylographic manifold Writer. Dated February 22, 1808.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

Now KNOW YE, that in pursuance of, and compliance with, the said proviso, I the said Ralph Wedgwood do hereby declare that my said invention is particularly delineated, described, and ascertained by the writings and sections thereof hereunto annexed, and by the letters, figures, writings, and descriptions thereon respectively marked, and the farther descriptions thereof following; that is to say:

The principle of my invention, which I call a pennapolygraph, or pen and stylographic, manifold writer, VOL. XV.-Second SerIES.

C c

consists

consists in so disposing of two or more sheets of paper, or other writing materials, so as that they may be written upon at once with double pointed pens, such as those described by Figs. 2, 12, and 13, (Plate IX.) in the plans annexed and with their explanations, or with two pens or styles so combined as to be held in the hand, as a pen is commonly held; that is, without being in any way connected with machinery. The manner of combining the pens, which in that case I call a penna duplex, is represented by the said figures 2, 12, and 13; or they may be combined in any other manner as is most convenient to the writer.

The principle of the penna-polygraph admits of various modes of application: if it be required that both the papers to be written upon should be in the usual form, these papers or other writing materials are connected by machinery, as by Fig. 6, in the plans annexed with their explanations. But if the usual form of one of the papers, namely, that intended for receiving the office fac simile, or that which is to be preserved as a copy by the writer, can be dispensed with; I then use what I call linear copying paper, which consists of paper cut out or pierced, as by the figure 14, in the plans annexed and their explanations; it may be pierced thus, or in any other form, as may be most convenient.

When it is desired to make a fac simile of a writing upon the linear paper, I lay underneath a leaf of the linear paper a sheet of writing paper; then with the points of the penna duplex, so adjusted as that when held in the hand with a proper inclination for writing, they will touch parallel parts the one of a bar of the linear paper, and the other that portion of the writing paper appearing through the pierced spaces of the linear

paper;

paper; then proceeding to write, as one point of the penna duplex is thus brought into contact with the linear paper, and the other with the writing paper underneath the linear paper. When the penna duplex. (it being first fed with ink) is moved in the act of writing, the two points thereof moving in parallel directions, they necessarily produce two exact fac similes; the one upon the linear paper, and the other upon the spaces of the sheet of writing paper seen through the pierced spaces of the linear paper. In order more conveniently to write upon the bars of the linear paper, I lay upon it and underneath the hand, a leaf of card paper, press board, or any other flat substance, which may serve to keep the bars motionless and flat to the paper underneath; or I confine to the edge of a leaf of it, a heavy clamp in the form of Fig. 3, in the plans anrexed with the explanations therewith, excepting the pins dd, which in this case are not wanted; by a gentle pressure of the clamp the linear paper will be regularly stretched over the writing paper; any other means to keep the papers in contact may be used according to the wish of the writer,

If it be desired to write upon two skins of parchment, er a skin of parchment and a sheet of paper, I then use the machine described by Fig. 9, in the plans annexed with their explanations; each piece of the parchment or paper to be used with this machine I cause to be made into a cylindric form, by having the top and the bottom thereof joined together, either by paste or any other means. Within the cylindric sheet I first put the strain. ing board No. 8, in the plans annexed with their explanations, with its roller d properly fixed in its place. The parchment, paper, or other writing materials being Cc 2 thus

thus fixed upon the straining frame, they, with the straining frame, are to be placed into the groove or rabbit of the frame gggg, in Fig. 9. After this. I place the weights dd, as more particularly described by Fig. 9, in the plans annexed and their explanations, and then apply one point of the penna duplex to the paper on frame at ax, the other oir the paper on the frame at a z, as represented at h in the said Fig. 9; and proceeding to write, the two points of the pens thus moving at once on two separate pieces of parchment, paper, or any other writing materials, thus arranged, give two exact fac similes. When one pair of lines is finished, by turning the handle the lines written will pass the one downwards through the space between the edges of the straining frame at bb, and the other upwards, so as thereby to keep one copy of the writing always in view.

To keep the lines at any given distance, if desired, wheels and spring catches may be annexed to one of the pullies.

If it be desired to produce two fac similes in this mode on two sheets of paper, but with an apparatus which will admit of going into the pocket, I then use the machinery described by Fig. 11, in the plaus annexed with their explanations. Upon the plate h annexed to the rack g I fasten a sheet of paper, by pressing thereon in those parts where there is wax; this may be done either with the end of the nail or the round edge of any hard substance. A sheet of cylindric paper is then passed upon the straining frame a, Fig. 11; after which I extend the cylindric sheet by turning the handle of the pinion wheel o of the inside, Fig. 11, and when the paper is perfectly tight upon the straining frame, I put the frame upon the rack g, so that the edge of the

straining