Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN WARREN, of the Town and County of the Town of Poole, Stonemason; for an Apparatus to prevent Chimnies from smoking, and to extinguish Fires in Grates and Stoves without making any Dust or Smoke injurious to the Room or Furniture. Dated September 15, 1808.

With a Plate.

To O all to whom these presents shall come, &c. NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said John Warren do hereby declare that my said invention is fully ascertained by the drawings in the margin, and the following description thereof; that is to say: The apparatus has two objects; first, to cause a continual current of the smoke until its exit in the air, and to disperse it without any return into the chimney; and, second, to extinguish fires in grates and stoves, &c. without making any dust or smoke injurious to the room or furniture; it consists of two parts.

First. A frame to be placed at the top of the chimney, which not only causes the smoke to pass into the open air without any lodgment, but excludes the weather from having any immediate access to the chimney.

Second. A plate at the bottom of the chimney, to be fixed in a frame in the breast of the chimney, and to move in grooves from the mantle to the hearth; and which by being let down in part will greatly assist in preventing chimnies from smoking; and by being let down entirely, will so exclude the current of air as to extinguish the fire in the grate or stove, &c,

The capital or Roman letters A B C DE (Plate VIIL) denote that part of the apparatus which is to be fixed at VOL. XV.-SECOND SERIES.

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the top of the chimney; it is to have two retort flues, and two or four dispersing flues: and the following having reference to the plan hereto annexed, contain the plans and elevations of the several parts of this part of the apparatus,

A the plan, not to be less than nine inches diameter. A, No. 1, the elevation, to be one and a half times in height the diameter of ditto. B the section or smokédivider, is to be hung, and fall into the elevation A, No. 1, as plan B, No. 1, when the smoke-divider is lifted up, which can be easily done by the chimneysweeper to clean it with ease to himself. CC, the plan of the throats, through the elevation of which the smoke is to pass from the elevation A, No. 1, to the retort flue D D. CC, No. 1, elevation of the throats. DD, the plan of the retort flues, D, No. 1, elevation of the retort flues. EEEE, plan of the dispersing flues. E E, No. 1, narrow elevation of ditto. E E, No. 2, Load elevation of ditto. No. 2 plan when but two dispersing flues, with smoke-divider, &c. as before described, the part of which is to be made as elevatin CC, No. 1. No. 1 the plate or extinguisher, fastened to the line or chain No. 11, and in the grooves No. 5, 5, must be one in h in height more than the chimney-piece. No. 2 the plate without either line or chain, or grooves, No. 3 the section of the plate, with small wheels on the back, to prevent the edge of the plate touching the grooves. No. 4 the section of the grooves in the frame in which the plate is to act when fixed together. No. 4, a, the section of grooves to be made from the frame to the hearth-stone, and the part which is worked thus..., which is the outside part of the groove, is to be taken off occasionally, so that the plate

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may be taken away if wanted without moving any other part. Nos. 5, 5, front view of the grooves in the frame." No. 6 plan of the lower bar, through which the plate is to descend and ascend. No. 7 thickness of lower bar. No. 8 plan of top bar, with plan of pullies. No. 9 thickness of top bar. Nos. 10, 10, 10, 10, four pullies to act for raising or lowering the plate. Nos. 11, 11, 11, 1, the line or chain passing over the pullies. Nos. 12, 12, a weight nearly equal to the weight of the plate. Note. The frame at the bottom of the chimney is to be. covered closely in front with a sleat or pleat of iron. Nos. 13, 13, small chain and ring, or balls, for raising and lowering the plate. Note. If the breast of the chimney is not battered, it will require a recess of two inches in the breast of the chimney to receive the apparatus, which is the full thickness of the whole, so as for the covering to line with the brick-work when fixed in front. A box may be used for a weight with one pulley only, to raise and depress the plate instead of the pullies before described, and is to be preferred wherever convenient.

a denotes the section of box. 6 plan of box fastened to the top bar, with plan of ear and pulley. c plan of top of box, with plan of pullics detached from the top bar. d section of the box sideways, with top and bottom bar. e side of ditto without the bar. fplan of ditto. g back of box, with a joint in two places, in order to shift the upper and lower part, with two fastenings, marked hh; where the upper shifting part cannot be easily got at otherwise, there may be a small door, made for that purpose, in the front of the chimney, opposite the upper shifting part, and papered over. i the plan of the bottom of the box. A the line of chain, the weight, nearly equal to the weight of the plate. Note, There must be a groove

in the hearth-stone for the plate to fall in one-fourth of an inch deep there may be a half plate, merely for preventing the smoke only, but not for extinguishing. the fire to have four wheels, and work in a frame, as, before described, 5, 5, 7, 9, to act either with or without weight or pullies; but if without, there must be two springs, one on each bottom corner, near the edge,; as per section marked a. y front view of half plate.

The plan annexed to the aforesaid is for the extinguisher to act in a stove, in which case the stove may be taken away and extinguisher left (when fixed), or the extinguisher taken away and stove left, as may be required, with ease.

In witness whereof, &c.

Method of ascertaining the Value of growing Timber Trees, at different and distant Periods of Time.

·By Mr. CHARLES WAISTELL, of High Holborn

(Continued from page 89.)

Observations on the Growth of Timber.

THE rings observable in the transverse section of a tree at its but-end are the same in number as the years ́ ́of its age; an additional ring being produced annually, in consequence of the annual rising of the sap. The rings are nearly concentric in trees that have grown in the interior of close shady woods, but eccentric in others, being of different breadths on the northern and southern sides of such as have grown single, or in any other situation where their boles have been much exposed to the rays of the sun. This difference is occasioned by the `different degrees of heat to which the opposite sides of

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the boles of trees are exposed. And, indeed, we find these rings are always broadest on that side of the bole or stem most warmed by the sun. Hence we see the utility of exposing their boles as much as possible to its rays*. It is often seen in the stumps of trees that. have stood single, that they have grown nearly twice as fast on the southern side as on the northern, their pith being so much nearer to the northern side.

It is, however, to be remarked, that the wood from that side of a tree which has grown the slowest, is heavier than from the opposite side which has grown the fastest; and it is probably stronger in the same degree.

It may be worth the consideration of those who have southern hangs or declivities to plant, whether to plant, or rather leave the trees in thinning, in double rows in lines running east and west, at about fourteen' or sixteen feet distance, and the double rows at about thirty-six feet distance, less or more, according as the declivity is more or less, in order that their boles may receive the greatest possible benefit from the direct rays of the sun.

No doubt many gentlemen are in possession of facts that would in some degree ascertain how much faster the boles of trees swell that stand exposed to receive the full benefit of the warmth of the sun, than those that are either partially or constantly in the shade. To make these facts known would materially benefit planters; for I am fully persuaded that there are but few persons apprised of the magnitude of the power of the sun's rays upon the boles of trees in causing them to swell,

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* On a hot day in the middle of May I have observed the mercury in the thermometer to rise and fall from twelve to sixteen de grees, on hanging it alternately on the sunny and shady sides of the same tree, between the hours of two and five o'clock, at which time of the day the heat is generally the greatest.

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