89. VOCABULARY 14. [Of words, &c., followed by quin.]

90. Who doubts that virtue and vice are contrary to each other? It cannot be denied that it is disgraceful to lie. Who doubts that the world was made by design? I don't doubt that both you and Balbus lifted up your hands. He never sees Cæsar without crying out that it is all over with the army. I left nothing undone to finish the business. I cannot but help Balbus. It cannot be denied that Caius has had a prosperous voyage. I cannot refrain from leaving the city. No one is so good as not sometimes to sin. -There were some who left the city. I am not ignorant, that Caius has lost the opportunity.

91. Non possumus, quin alii a nobis dissentiant, recusare, We cannot object to others dissenting from us.

Minimum abfuit (impers.) Octavianus quin periret, Octavianus was very near perishing. (Or, But a little more, and Octavianus would have perished.)

92. VOCABULARY 15. (Words and phrases followed by quin.) Not to object,

To be very near, to be within a

very little,

Not to be far from,

To kill,

Of iron, iron-hearted,

Children,

non recusare.b

minimum abesse (to be used imper

93. He was within a little of being killed. It cannot be denied that it is disgraceful to break one's word. It cannot be denied that duty commands us to keep (75) our promises. I am within a very little of being most miserable. No one is so iron-hearted as not to love his own children. I cannot but18 send you a letter daily. That you may be able to learn much, do not learn many things. The truly wise man will never doubt that the soul is immortal. I will not object to your banishing me. I will not object to your all leaving the city. It cannot be denied that the rational-faculty should (debeo) command the heart. It cannot be that the mind is not immortal.20

§ 15. Quominus.

94. Verbs of hindering are generally followed by quominus.

This quo minus (by which the less) ut eo minus (that the less by it). 95. With verbs of fearing, 'that' must be translated by, ‘ně ;' 'that not' by 'ut.'

96.

a) 'That not may also be translated by 'ne non,' which is stronger than 'ut,

[C. xv.] After verbs of fearing, the Eng. future and the participial substantive are translated by the present or imperfect subjunctive with ut or nē.

97. (a) Quid obstat quominus Caius sit beatus? What prevents Caius from being happy?

(Or, quid obstat Caio quominus sit beatus?)

Anima, the breath of life, the vital principle (common to all living things). Animus, 'the soul,' the mind with its passions, emotions, appetites, &c., 'the heart.' Mens, the intellectual faculty; the rational faculty. Hence animus should be used for mind, when it means disposition, spirit, &c.

a Wish

44

QUOMINUS.

$15.

Vereor ne veniat, I fear that he will come.
Vereor ut veniat, I fear that he will not co

98. (Eng.) What prevents Caius from being happy?

(Lat.) What prevents, by which Caius should be the less happy 99 VOCABULARY 16.

(Verbs that may be followed by quominus.)

[Is quotidie or indies used of daily increase or decrease ?] 100. What prevents us from doing this? Nothing F

you from doing this.

Nothing deters a wise man from the laws of virtue'. Nothing deterred Caius from ober laws. I fear that I shall not endure such10) labours.

If

he will not be able to endure such labours. I fear that increase your labours. What prevents us from waging sea and land? What prevents you from carrying all ye perty with you? Do not pretend to be mad. It canno nied that vice increases daily. It was owing to Caius than not wage war by sea and land.

3

will then stand as nom. to the next verb. After deter, &c., the acc. s expressed, unless it be a pronoun of the first or second person.

e Timere, metuĕre, verēri, are all used for fear; but (1) if a reve humble fear is to be expressed, vereor should be used; (2) if an anxior a threatening evil, metuere. Metus is the fear of the mind arising fro eideration of circumstances and appearances: timor, the fear that ar the body; from timidity. (See D. věrēri.) Vereor, which expresses degree of actual fear, should be used to express doubt or fear about the

ing of such an event or the truth of such an opinion. Formidare

101.

VI.

§ 16. Interrogative Sentences.

Questions (when interrogative pronouns or adverbs are not used) are generally asked in Latin by interrogative particles.

102. (a) Ně asks simply for information. (b) Num expects the answer 'no :' (c) nonně, the answer 'yes.'

103.

Ne is enclitic; that is, always appended to a word, and written as its Last syllable.

104. (a) Scribitně Caius? Is Caius writing?

(b) Num putas.
think, do you?)

? Do you think? (

= you don't

(c) Nonně putas..? Don't you think? ¡

= you do

think, don't you?)

Quid? nonne canis similis est lupo?

What? is not

a dog like a wolf?

§17. Interrogative Words.

105. Who? (quis.) How? (qui, abl.: with an adjective, quam.) How does it happen that? (quî fit ut..? with subj.)

When? (quando?) (Quum is never interrogative.)

106. Have not the good and wise been banished? Are not virtue and vice contrary to each other? Do men govern the

Quare (wherefore) is only used when the cause is decidedly asked: when, that is, an answer is required. Cur is used whether an answer is required or not: hence it is the proper word in expostulatory and objurgutory sentences.

winds and seasons? [No.] Shall we not all die? Was not the world made by design? Do we not owe very much to our parents? Was it not owing to you that we did not leave the city? Was not Caius within a very little of being killed ?24 Were not the waves such10) as you had never seen before? Whence do you come? (or, Where do you come from?) Did all you? [No.] Did he not promise unwillingly to ness? Do we not all hope to live a long while? Has he not finished the business satisfactorily 23 There are some who109 deny that Caius has finished the business. There were some who reviled me.

promise to helps

finish the busi

107.

108.

§ 18. Dependent Questions.

A dependent question is one that is connected with a preceding word

or sentence.

Dependent questions follow and depend on such words as to ask, doubt, know, or not know, examine, try, &c.

109. (a) (b) (c) The verb in a dependent question must be in the subjunctive mood.

110. In English, dependent questions are asked by whether; or by interrogative pronouns and adverbs.

111.

Since what and who are also relatives, but the relative is in Latin a different pronoun, care must be taken to use quis, quid, (not qui, quod) in dependent questions.

112. [C. xvI.] Who, what, which, are often dependent interrogatives, especially after verbs of asking, knowing, doubting, &c.

113. After most of these verbs the dependent sentence stands as the accusative to the transitive verb.

114. The verb in an accusative sentence must be in the subjunctive mood.

115. (a) Dubito, num id tibi suadere debeam, I doubt whether I ought to give you that advice.

Obs. In a dependent sentence, num is 'whether,' and does not necessarily imply that the answer 'no' is expected. If, however, the answer 'no' is expected, num should be used, not ne.