Secondly, I claim the mode of manufacturing starch by the application of barley, by means of one or other of the processes above described.

Thirdly, I claim the mode of manufacturing starch by fermenting rice, by the aid of the offal of wheat or other grain, or some woody fibrous matter.

And, fourthly, I claim the mode of manufacturing starch from rice, by the application of acid, as above described. -In witness whereof, &c.

Enrolled June 9, 1842.

J. COLMAN.

Specification of the Patent granted to EDMUND MoreWOOD, of Highgate, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Improved Mode of preserving Iron and other Metals from Oxidation or Rust.-Sealed August 27, 1841.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c., &c.— I do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to consist in tinning the metals so to be preserved from oxidation as aforesaid, in the ordinary manner of what is called tinning, and then, in what I call zincing the said tin, so that the external surface may be zinc, placed in such relation with the tin and the metal to be preserved from oxidation, as that both the said tin and zinc should have an united or combined influence in preserving the said metal and in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Edmund Morewood, do hereby describe the manner in which the said invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof (that is to say):—I take a piece of iron or any other oxidizable metal whose fusing point is not less than 1200° Fahrenheit, capable of being tinned, and having tinned it well and evenly by any of those means now in use for that purpose, and too well known by competent workmen to need any particular

description here; the coating of tin having become firmly set and hard, and having been well cleaned, I immerse the tinned metal in molten zinc of the purest kind, and the surfaces of which having been carefully skimmed, I keep covered with a flux of sal ammoniac, thrown upon it in the state of powder. I suffer the tinned metal to remain in the molten zinc, which should be kept fluid, and as nearly as possible at the melting point, until, on drawing the tinned metal out of it slowly, the zinc surface presents a smooth and even appearance. If the tinned metal be an article so large that it would lower the temperature of the molten zinc sensibly on being immersed in it, I heat it, but not to a temperature sufficient to soften the coating of tin before introducing it into the melted zinc, and before taking it out, I move it gently about in the molten zinc, and when I remove it, I draw it out rather slowly, in order to avoid taking up superfluous metal. I consider that it is well, when practicable, to melt the zinc, which should be of the purest kind, in an earthen crucible; but if one of very large size be required, I use a welded wrought-iron vessel, cast-iron being, as I conceive, objectionable if brought in contact with the zinc, and attention is necessary to keep the molten zinc clean and free from all dirt and oxide, for which purpose, after skimming it, I keep the surface constantly covered with a flux of sal ammoniac, as aforesaid. After taking the tinned metal out of the molten zinc, I immerse it in clean water almost immediately, whilst the plate is still hot, and then scrub and clean it therein, and afterwards dry it in bran or sawdust.

Now whereas I am aware that certain colourable alloys of tin might perhaps answer the same purpose as tin, and that certain colourable alloys of zinc might, perhaps, also answer the same purpose as zinc for the purposes of this invention, but as those alloys could only answer well in proportion as the alloy interfered little with the action of

the two properties required from the tin and zinc alone for the purposes aforesaid.

I claim as the said invention the preserving of iron and other metals capable of being tinned, and fusing at a temperature of not less than 1200° of Fahrenheit from oxidation, by tinning them and then dipping the tin covering or surface in molten zinc as aforesaid, or otherwise coating the said tin covering or surface with zinc in such manner that a union or contact shall take place between the surfaces of the zinc and tin, whereby I cause a united or combined influence to be exerted in the preservation of the said iron or other metal, and which influence I believe to be that the zinc prevents the destructive influence of the tin upon the iron or other metal when tin alone is used, and that the tin lessens the destructive influence of the iron or other metal upon the zinc when zinc alone is used to cover the said iron or other metal, and such invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely new and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Ireland, I do hereby declare this to be my specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my specification doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said hereinbefore in part recited letters patent contained. Wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the said invention.—In witness whereof, &c.

Enrolled February 27, 1842.

EDMUND MOREWOOD.

173

LAW REPORTS OF PATENT CASES.

Common Pleas, Westminster Hall.

Before Lord Chief Justice TINDAL and a SPECIAL JURY. February 11, 1840.

CRANE V. PRICE and OTHERS.

(Continued from page 115.)

Sir F. Pollock.-Gentlemen, I now proceed to the fourth plea. The defendants say that the nature of the invention is not truly described in the specification. And we have with reference to that point certain notices of the objections that are intended to be raised. Now, Gentlemen, we have received, as the late statute requires, certain objections, to be delivered to us at the time of the delivery of the pleadings, and the defendant is confined to the objections so stated. I find the eighth and ninth objections are these,-" That the specification is defective, inasmuch as it does not describe the kind of furnace to which the alleged invention is applicable, and it is not applicable to all kinds of furnaces." Gentlemen, it is applicable to all the furnaces which are alluded to in the specification. It may not be applicable to all, but it is applicable to any ordinary furnace that is made that is so constructed as to be in blast, and capable of having a hot air blast applied to it in the manner which the witnesses will describe to you by and by.

The next objection is this," That the specification does not clearly state whether or not it is intended to the use of anthracite or stone coal and culm as the only fuel, or whether it is intended to include the use of anthracite or stone coal and culm together with other fuel."

Gentlemen, that, I take it, is rather an objection which my Lord will dispose of, and I think I shall have very little difficulty in dealing with it as the forms of law require. We have pointed out what is to be done, and it

is no part of our intention to state the details beyond those which are necessary to carry out the principle. The great object of the invention is, by the combination of the hot air blast and the stone coal, to produce an article which I have exhibited to you, and which will presently be characterized by the evidence of the witnesses. That is the great object, and there is a detail in the specification which; to those who are acquainted with the subject, will enable anybody to carry it into effect; and I shall call before you an abundance of persons professionally and practically acquainted with the subject, who will tell you that no one will have any difficulty in carrying into effect the object in the specification.

Now, Gentlemen, I pass to another, the fifth plea, on which it is a question much more, I apprehend, for his Lordship than for you. As to the points that arise on it, his Lordship will forgive me if I invite his attention for a moment to the statement I am about to make on the points arising on that plea.

The Lord Chief Justice.-In fact, the greater part of this seems to me to be matter of law.

The Solicitor-General.-It is, my Lord.

The Lord Chief Justice.-You might almost make a case of it. The question is whether the plaintiff is first inventor. If they have any evidence to show that a hot blast was applied to anthracite before, why then, cadit questio.

The Solicitor-General.-It will terminate beyond all doubt in a question of law, my Lord. There are some facts that are material,-when the gentleman invented it, and when he got his patent, that is material, and some other things.

Sir F. Pollock.-I was about to call his Lordship's attention, and yours, Gentlemen, to the points that arise on the fifth plea. The plea states in substance this-that one James Beaumont Neilson obtained letters patent as far back as the 12th of September, 1828; the specifica