NOTES.

Erster Aufzug.

Erster Auftritt.

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5. Eversmann was a sort of valet-barber-surgeon to Fr. Wm. I. The Princess in her memoirs (see Introduction) calls him the 'concierge du château,' 'le favori du roi,' 'un vrai suppôt de Satan.'-mit Behaglichkeit --or Behagen, with complacent enjoyment. Cf. Etwas behagt Einem (or einem), something pleases one, suits one's taste.

9. zur Prinzessin, to the apartments of the princess. (See p. 40, 1. 22.) Cf. Ich gehe heute Abend zu Frau Hahn, to Mrs H.'s (house); Das bekommen Sie bei Abig, You will get that at Abig's (shop).—Wirbel, a roll, the sound produced by a rapid uniform motion of the drumsticks,

10. [Es ist]* schon gút-[Es ist] gút-(accent always on gut), that is enough, that will do, all right. In these and numerous similar expressions, as below, 1. 13, wir wissen schon-schon is quite unemphatic and pronounced without accent. Sometimes it appears almost purely expletive (cf. 34, 20; 84, 24), but its original force,—' already,' or, 'without anything further being required '—is generally more or less clearly recognisable, even in the common usage (cf. 88, 10) in which it simply implies confidence that something will surely be: das wird schon kommen, &c. It must be variously rendered (cf. notes to 7, 6; 14, 12; 59, 12, &c.); most frequently its force is expressed in English merely by the tone of utterance.

17. unwillig, angrily, indignantly. This word is much less usual in the sense of mere unwillingness, being less allied in meaning to the adj. willig, willing, than to the subst. Unwille (47, 2), which means 'indignant displeasure,' being now rarely used in the sense of 'disinclination,'

*Square brackets [ ] indicate a double reading, according as the letters or words enclosed in the brackets are read or omitted. Thus the above is to be read: Es ist schon gut, or, Schon gut-Es ist gut, or, Gut.

' reluctance,' for which we use Unlust.—nachdem der Lärm vorüber, supply ist. sein and haben, as auxiliary verbs of tense, are often omitted in dependent sentences (cf. below, 1. 22; 15, 14, &c.); less usual is the omission, as here, of a part of sein used as copula. See Whitney's Germ. Gr. 439, 3, a. b.; Aue's Germ. Gr. § 285.

18. Es ist nicht zum Aushalten. aushalten, to hold out, endure. For the idiomatic construction, cf. Es ist nicht zum Spaß, it is not (a matter) for joking-it is no joke; Es ist zum Verzweifeln, it is enough to make one despair, &c. See also 24, 13, n. Here we might also say, Es ist nicht auszuhalten.—Die Nerven möchten einem zerspringen. Mögen, thus used (cf. the common Ich möchte, I should like to), means to feel an inclination or tendency to something, as being that which under the circumstances would be a natural result. So, Man möchte verzweifeln = Es ist zum Verzweifeln, &e. Cf. the Engl. colloquialism, 'His heart was like to break.'

19.

Links um Left about! On marsch, cf. 51, 9, n. In uttering, a pause is made after links and vorwärts, but without dropping the voice. 20. wo ihr hingehört, or wohin ihr gehört, cf. 65, 7 ; lit. 'where (whither) you belong,' a mode of expression sometimes heard in colloquial English. Say, which is your proper place.'

25. Gnädiges Fräulein. gnädig, lit. ‘gracious,' formerly an epithet of distinction, used only of, and in address to, persons of noble birth, Ablige. (All persons with von before their names are accounted ad[e]lig.) gnädiger Herr is not now used except by servants and inferiors. gnädige Frau and gnädiges Fräulein, as ordinary forms of polite address, extended to all ladies, are in common use in many parts of Germany. In Austria this mode of address is universal; in North Germany it is most current in military circles, and in those sections of society the tone of which has been largely influenced by them. By many of the educated middle classes it is never used, except to parody the style of society in which especially Prussian officers set the tone. It must of course either be omitted in English, or rendered according to the modes of address current in good society.

26. Sintemal, ‘since,' is obsolete, or only occasionally used in the so-called Kanzleisprache, the language of law and officialism. It is thus sometimes used, as here, with a humorous effect.

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1. vor den Zimmern: vor, before, Engl. 'outside.' Cf. 39, 8, n. 2. Reveille, pronounced, sometimes also written, Revelje (rěvělyě).

3. den Kinderschuhen entwachsen, lit. grown out of (cf. entfliehen, ent. rücken, &c.) one's children's shoes, i. e. out of leading strings, no longer a child. So also, die Kinderschuhe [nicht] ausgetreten, vertreten, ausgezogen haben.

5. Gerade dann hat man, &c. Notice how the mere position of the words, the most emphatic being placed first, often conveys the same effect as the circumlocution 'It is ...' which is much less common in Germ. than in English. Here, 'It is just then that, &c.' Cf. Aue, § 294. II. For the historical facts here and afterwards alluded to, and the real time of their occurrence, see Introd.-errungen. Many verbs with the prefix er express the attaining of something by means of the activity expressed by the simple verb, thus erringen, to obtain by struggle; so errathen (17, 20), erarbeiten, ertroßen, &c.

13. In the Umgēbung[en] (umgében, to surround) of a person are included the people about him, just as in the Engl. 'surroundings.' In German however the word is often used to denote simply these, cf. II, 3.—gestreng[e] was formerly an epithet or title of honour given to the nobles. Luther has Em. Gestrengheit; cf. Engl. 'Your Worship.' It is formed from streng[e] (Engl. strong), and originally meant, like this, 'strong, mighty,' both words then passing over into the signification 'strict, severe.' Here it might be rendered by 'august.'

17. an mich attachirt: better expressions are Einem zugethan sein, an Einem [sehr] hangen.--When in Germ. a subst. is preceded by more or lengthier attributives than Engl. style will admit, it is usually best to put them, or part of them, into a rel. clause. This would often lighten the style even in Germ. Thus here we might say, and must render: des Kr. F., der übrigens innigst an mich attachirt ist. In Engl. we can often, in Germ. rarely, contract the rel. clause by omitting the rel. pron. and the auxil. verb; der mir nachher von ihm ertheilte Nath=der R., der mir nachher von ihm ertheilt wurde, the advice afterwards given to me by him. Illustrative passages, 31, 24; 51, 15, 18; 79, 21; 88, 24, &c.

19. Ich und Einfluß! A common rhetorical device (cf. 107, 16), two things being interjectionally conjoined to show how utterly incongruous they are. 'I possess influence !'

22. gemüthliche, say, 'cosy, comfortable.'-was is to be connected with an Winken, &c. in 1. 24. Cf. for the construction, Was ich an seltenen Büchern und alten Handschriften besiße..., ‘Whatever—Any—The rare books and old MSS. I possess....'

30. dermaleinst, obsol., or nearly so, dereinst (48, 19), more commonly einst, 'some time' (in the future, einst also meaning ‘once' of the

past). It has something of the same colouring as sintemal above (4, 26, n.), and might perhaps be rendered, 'one of these fine days.'

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I. Hören Sie here expostulatory, 'I say,' cf. 33, 4.

2. Ich verbitte mir.... The prefix per- often indicates the activity signified by the simple verb, applied in the contrary direction, thus kaufen, to buy, verkaufen, to sell; bieten, to bid, verbieten (9, 4), to forbid (cf. forgive, forswear); so bitten, to beg, verbitten (sich etwas verbitten), to beg that a thing may not be, to 'deprecate' (de-precari), or 'protest against' it.—aus der Luft gegriffen is said of statements, conjectures, &c., which are without any solid foundation, are as it were caught up and put together out of the empty air.

3. Ev. stumbles and becomes disconnected in his speech.

4. Se. kgl. Hoheit...sind, pl. verb following a subj. in the sing., pl. of respect or dignity. So, Seine Ercellenz befehlen, This mode of showing deference was once in more general use, and is still current in the army; even now any gentleman wandering through the Leipzig fair may hear himself addressed: Was wünschen der Herr?

8. ihn...über den Löffel zu balbiren. The forms Balbier and balbi[e]ren, in which the original r (Fr. barbier, Low Lat. barbarius, fr. Lat. barba, a beard) has passed over into 7, were formerly current, but are now regarded as vulgar. Einen [über den Löffel] barbi[e]ren, is used figuratively for 'to cheat, fleece, bamboozle.' Löffel is for Löffelbart or Läffelbart (cf. Laffe, a silly cox comb), which is used like Milchbart for the first light down on the face. The pun, between 'shave' and 'cheat,' can hardly be retained in translation, unless it were in an imperfect way by the use of the word 'fleece,' e. g. 'to clip his fleece for him.'

II. Geh' du nur: for this frequent strengthening-often little more than expletive-use of nur with imperatives, cf. 3?, 6; 54, 16, 21; 60,1, 2, &c. For the similar use with prons. and advs., cf. 17, 22, n.

12. sich stellen, to place oneself, assume a position or attitude (90, 7), often a false one (cf. sich verstellen, 57, 9, n.); thus sich stellen with an adj. = =to feign or pretend to be. So 97, 10; 100, 8.—noch so......., ever so. 15. The Lustgarten is here the open esplanade in front of the palace, which in the time of Fr. Wm. was the parade ground of his giant grenadiers.

16. Einem (sich) etw, angewöhnen, to make a thing habitual to one, accustom one to a thing. We can always use instead Ginen (sich) an etw.

gewöhnen, but the former expression can of course not always be used for the latter; e.g. only: sich an ein Pferd or ein Pf. an sich gewöhnen.—Gebet is regularly used, with sing. or collective meaning, where in Fr. and Eng. the pl. is common, faire ses prières, &c., cf. 11, 14.

19. ja täglich: ja, 'yes,' is often used (almost = fogar, with which it is in 1. 25 connected) to mark something as not only equalling, but even going beyond, what has just preceded. Cf. 71, 8, and the similar use of Eng. 'nay'-'foolish, nay criminal,'...thōricht, ja verbrecherisch.

22. so gespannt mit der Königin lebt. The perf. part. of spannen, to stretch, is fig. used to denote what we also call 'strained' relations; thus mit Imd. in gespannten Verhältnissen or auf gespanntem Fuß stehen, or briefly mit Imd. gespannt sein, to be on bad terms with any one.-daß sie sich, &c., 'that they will scarcely deign to say good morning to each other.' gönnen is the exact contrary of 'to grudge,' meaning, to grant or allow of free good will, often (cf. 110, 28) only to see with pleasure that something (generally good, but sometimes evil) falls to the lot of another. 23. toch, 'yet, still,' see 12, 28, n.

24.

allerhöchst, used of royal personages and what pertains to them; say 'royal.'-mit beiwohnen. mit can be used adverbially, i. e. with an ellipse of its dat. obj., in composition (but often written separately, especially where the verb is already a compound) with almost all verbs. Here mit along with [the] others, cf. 33, 31; 45, 19, &c.; in this case it is generally left untranslated. But the unexpressed obj. may also be a pers. or refl. pron., always easily to be supplied from the context, cf. 40, 10; 65, 2, &c.-beiwohnen, 'to be present at.'

25. bedacht, participial adj. from bedenken, to think of, make the object of practical consideration; thus auf etw. bedacht sein,—bedacht sein, etw. zu thun, to have a thing in mind as the object of one's active care, to be intent on, have an eye to. Here we might render, 'be on the watch to,' 'busy themselves.'

26. Papa Landesvater. Landesvater and Landesmutter (18, 7) are used of the sovereign prince of a country and his consort. Say, 'sovereign papa.'-Ohne den, 'If it had not been for...,' a common idiom.

27. Wiz...Geist. Wit here means Mutterwitz, mother-wit, native good sense. Geist has the meaning which is better expressed by the Fr. esprit than by any one Eng. word, ready wit and versatile intelligence.

28. bei einer solchen Lebensweise. This frequent use of the prep. bei is not noticed by Aue, § 246. It expresses, like the Eng. 'with,' by which it may often be rendered, an attendant circumstance (cf. its use='on occasion of,' e. g. 67, 6), which stands to the main action in