The number of members of the existing Senate is 24; and of the House of Delegates, 214, two from each of the 105 counties, and one from each of two cities, and two boroughs. The Senators and Delegates receive $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel; the Speaker of each house, $8 a day.

JUDICIARY.

The offices of all the following Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, of the General Court, and of the Superior Courts of Chancery, will

expire at the termination of the session of the first legislature under the new Constitution.

Creed Taylor, Judge of the District of Richmond & Lynchburg,

Salary.

$1,667

1,667

Williamsburg & Fred'burg,
Winchester & Clarksburg, 1,667
Staunton, Wythe, & Greenb'r. 1,667

Judges of the General Court, who are also Judges of the Superior Courts of Law held in each county.

These judges receive each a salary of $1,500, and $3 for every 20 miles' travel on the circuit.

Hospitals and Penitentiary.

There are two Lunatic Hospitals, one at Williamsburg, to which an annual appropriation of $12,000 is made, and which has 57 patients; the other at Staunton, which has an annual appropriation of $7,500, and 40 patients. The Penitentiary, established at Richmond in 1800, has received, since its foundation, 1,584 convicts. The number in confinement, on the 30th of September, 1829, was 151.

BANKS IN 1830.

Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1804), at

With Branches at

Net profit during 1829, 627 per cent.

Farmers' Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1813), at Richmond,

With Branches at

Net profit in 1829, 621 per cent.

Bank of the Valley, at

With Branches at

$487,500

North-western Bank at

*

The Bank of the United States has an office of Discount and De

posit at Richmond and Norfolk.

The notes of all the banks in the state are receivable in the payment of taxes, so long as they pay specie.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

The state has a permanent fund devoted to the purposes of internal improvement of $1,418,961 11; and a disposable fund of $681,630 00; total $2,100,591 11; [of this about $475,000 is at present unproductive.] Annual income from both funds $121,836 75. This fund is managed by 13 directors, styled the Board of Public Works, 10 of whom are chosen annually by the legislature, 3 from the Trans-Alleghany District, 2 from the Valley District, 3 from the Middle District, and 2 from the Tide-Water District. The governor, treasurer, and first auditor of the state are, ex officio, members. In all canals and roads authorized by the state, this Fund contributes three fifths of the stock. The Board meets annually on the first Monday in January, and the members are paid $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel.

The following Incorporated Companies have received aid from the Fund.

Richmond Dock Co.

250,000 19,535 | Wells'g & Wash'n. T'p. Co. 16,650

The James River Company.-The sum expended on the James River, the Kenawha River and the turnpike road, including the expenses of superintendence, &c. amounts to $1,274,583 96, of which the sum of $638,883 86 has been laid out on the Lower James River Canal- $365,207 02, on the Mountain Section of the Canal-$87,389 81, on the Kenawha river, and $171,982 49 on the turnpike road and bridges, from Covington to the Kenawha. Under the act of a late session of the legislature extending the Kenawha road, loans have been effected for $50,000, and contracts entered into for $51,937 50, on account of which $500 only have as yet been paid. The interest on the sums expended and borrowed amounts to $71,673 50, and exhibits the fact that the annual disbursements on that account exceeded the annual receipts by $37,727 26. This deficiency is paid out of the general income of the fund for internal improvements, and sensibly paralyzes the strength of that once productive and most valuable fund.

The whole capital employed in internal improvement, exclusive of that belonging to the Manchester and Petersburg Turnpike Company and Little River Company, amounts to $3,263,811.

The United States contributed $200,000 of stock belonging to the Dismal Swamp Canal Company; and North Carolina contributed $50,000 of the stock of the Roanoke Navigation Company.

EDUCATION.

The principal literary institutions of this state are the University of Virginia, at Charlottesville; William and Mary College, at Williamsburg; Hampden-Sydney, in Prince Edward County; and Washington College, at Lexington.

This state has a Literary Fund, created in 1809, and amounting, in available capital, according to a late report, to $1,233,522 97. All escheats, confiscations, and derelict property; also all lands forfeited for non-payment of taxes, and all sums refunded by the national government, for the expenses of the late war, have been appropriated to the encouragement of learning. Of the interest of the Fund, $15,000 are annually appropriated to the University of Virginia, and $45,000 to the education of the poor in the respective counties. This sum is divided among the counties according to the ratio of white population; and the court of each

county appoints commissioners to manage and superintend the application of the share belonging to it. Within a year from October, 1828, 26,690 made application to be educated, of whom 12,642 were received. The average cost of education was $9 per annum.

XIII. NORTH CAROLINA.

In the latter part of the fifteenth century, three different attempts were made, under the direction of the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, to establish settlements in North Carolina, which was then included within the limits of the country, that had been recently named Virginia. These were the first attempts made by the English to form colonies in North America; they all proved unsuccessful; and many years passed away before the attempt to settle the country was renewed.

The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of the seventeenth century. North Carolina was long united under the same government with South Carolina: it was for many years called the County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the beginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 1715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which time Charles Eden was Governor; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province.

ROYAL GOVERNORS.

Sir Richard Everard, appointed 1727 | Arthur Dobbs,

The Constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved upon, by representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halifax, December 18, 1776.

The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of Commons, both elected annually by the people. One senator and two members of the House of Commons are sent from each of the 62 counties; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax.

The chief executive officer is the Governor, who is chosen annually by a joint vote of the two Houses; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is assisted by an executive Council of seven members, chosen annually by a joint vote of the two Houses. In case of the death of the Governor, his duties devolve upon the Speaker of the Senate.

The judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts are appointed by a joint vote of the two Houses, and hold their offices during good behavior.

The Constitution grants the right of voting for members of the House of Commons to all freemen of the age of 21 years, who have been inhabitants of the state 12 months immediately preceding the election; but in order to vote for a senator, a freeman must be possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land.

The time of electing the members of the General Assembly is appointed by the legislature, and commonly takes place in the month of August.

The Assembly meets annually (at Raleigh), and usually on the second Monday in November; and the governor is commonly chosen in December.

GOVERNMENT.

John Owen, Governor; term expires December, 1830; salary $2,000. The members of both houses of the General Assembly receive $3 a day; the Speaker, $4.

The state is divided into six circuits, in which the court is held half yearly in the several counties; so that each judge attends in about ten counties; and he is paid $90 for every court which he holds.