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NUMBER OF PERSONS TEN YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ENGAGED

IN PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910.

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317,244
527,714

87,146
385,852
488,049
104,210
256,591
127,906
I 20,900
337,355
148,304

Lumber and furniture industries.
Metal industries..
Textile industries..

All other industries.
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers.
Managers and superintendents (manufacturing).
Manufacturers and officials..
Milliners and millinery dealers.
Molders, founders, and casters (metal).
Painters, glaziers, varnishers, enamelers, etc..
Plumbers and gas and steam fitters..
Semiskilled operatives:

Cigar and tobacco factories..
Clay, glass, and stone industries.
Clothing industries..
Food industries...
Lumber and furniture industries.
Metal industries...
Printing and publishing.
Shoe factories.....
Textile industries..

All other industries..
Sewers and sewing machine operators (factory)
Shoemakers and cobblers (not in factory).
Tailors and tailoresses.
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths.
All others in this division.

151,519

88,628 144,607

88,834 167,490 438,063

67,469 181,010 650,260 463,655 291,209

69,570 204,608

59,833 679,310

Transportation....

2,637,671

Transportation.

Brakemen.
Conductors (steam railroad).
Conductors (street railroad).
Draymen, teamsters, and expressmen.
Foremen and overseers (railroad).
Hostlers and stable hands...
Laborers (railroad, steam and street).
Laborers (road and street building and repairing)
Locomotive engineers...
Locomotive firemen.
Longshoremen and stevedores.
Mail carriers.
Motormen.
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen.
Telegraph operators...

92,572
65,604

56,932
408,469

69,933 63,388 570,975 180,468 96,229 76,381 62,857 80,678 59,005 85,147 69,953

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34. Governmental encouragement of business 1 Our industrial success has been due chiefly to the richness of our Importance natural resources on the one hand, and to the virility and

of good

of energy

government the American people on the other. But however rich in natural re- to industry. sources a country may be, and however industrious the individuals in control of those resources, industrial success cannot be attained without a good government. A great factor in the material prosperity of the American people, therefore, has been the helpful attitude of our government. The following passages briefly describe some of the more important services rendered American business by the Federal government: The bureau of public health in the Treasury Department collects Public

health. information as to the sanitary condition of ports and places in the

1 From various bulletins issued by the United States Government.

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United States and foreign countries, including existence of epidemics; conducts national quarantine service at nearly all ports of the United States and its possessions; has officers in South and Central American, Asiatic, and European ports for inspection of vessels and

emigrants leaving for the United States. Work of The Department of Agriculture extends numerous services to the the Depart- American people. The Department issues a large number of scienment of Agriculture. tific and technical publications, including the Year-book, the Farm

ers' Bulletins series, the Monthly Weather Review, and the Crop Reporter. The scope of the Department's work may be indicated by an enumeration of the chief bureaus and divisions within it. These are the weather bureau, the office of farm management, bureau of animal industry, bureau of plant industry, forest service, bureau of chemistry, bureau of soils, bureau of entomology, bureau of statistics, bureau of experiment stations, bureau of crop estimates, office of public roads and rural engineering, bureau of markets, horticultural

board, and the insecticide and fungicide board. Some func- Several of the bureaus and divisions within the Department of tions of the

the Interior perform valuable services with respect to American Department of the industry. The geological survey investigates, classifies and issues Interior.

reports upon the mineral resources of the nation. The bureau of mines is concerned with the mining, quarrying, treatment and utilization of ores and other mineral substances. The patent office grants letters patent for inventions, and registers trade-marks. The reclamation service is charged with the survey, construction and operation of the irrigation works in arid states. The bureau of education collects statistics and general information showing the condition and progress of education, including commercial and

industrial teaching at home and abroad. The De- The Department of Commerce is directly concerned with American partment of

industry and commerce. As in the case of other Federal executive Commerce

departments, the work of the Department of Commerce is carried on by bureaus and boards. The bureau of the census prepares and prints decennial reports on the population and numerous industrial activities of the nation. The Department includes a bureau of fisheries, a bureau of navigation, a bureau of lighthouses, and a steamboat inspection bureau. The bureau of standards within the

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