ing around cone pullies, in connection with the roller gearing, which, when shifted along the conical peripheries of the pullies, alters the speed of their driving power, as may be required.

Secondly. These improvements consist in causing the same variable driving apparatus, to act (by means of suitable intermediate gearing) upon the ordinary "copping" rail or apparatus in such machines, in order that the rise and fall of the "copper" may be simultaneously adjusted in speed, to accommodate the change in the draft and twist; but, as this will be so evident to the practical spinner, it needs no further explanation.

Thirdly. These improvements consist in the application of a novel contrivance to such machinery, for the purpose of converting an ordinary continuous circular motion,as for instance, a common toothed wheel and pinion, into a reciprocating rotary motion, or mangle wheel and pinion, as occasion may require, in the copping motion of such machines; so that it will be seen, that the continuous circular motion may be retained any required time, and thus the lift of the copper be continued for any space, according to the length of the bobbin, and then the same motion may be instantly changed into the reciprocating or that of the mangle wheel and pinion, and thus the return or lowering of the copper may be effected, at any required period.

In Plate I., the improvements are shewn attached to an ordinary spinning machine or throstle, which has been done merely by way of illustration, as it will be readily observed, that it is precisely similar, in its application and effect, to the preparing machines used in the process of drawing, slubbing, and roving.

Fig. 1, is a plan or horizontal view of a throstle, as seen from above; fig. 2, is an end elevation, taken at the line A, B, in fig. 1, or having the end frame removed, to shew the new parts more clearly; fig. 3, is a vertical section, taken transversely at the line c, D, in fig. 1; and fig. 4, is a vertical section, taken longitudinally at the line E, F, in fig. 1.

The framing of the machine is shewn at a, a, a, a, sup

porting the rollers b, b, and spindles c, c, and all the ordinary parts of the machine. The main driving-shaft d, d, carries a pulley e, around which a strap passes, and also around another pulley ƒ, mounted upon the shaft g. To this shaft g, a cone pulley h, is keyed, and over it a strap or belt 1, is passed, which proceeds to another cone pulley i, for the purpose of communicating rotary motion thereto. Upon the shaft of the pulley i, is a pinion k, taking into a wheel l, of twice its diameter, mounted upon the shaft of another cone pulley m, for the purpose of reducing the speed of the main driving-shaft to the required speed of the drawing-rollers, with which those cone pullies are in connection. The cone pulley m, is mounted upon a shaft n, which is supported, at one end, by the carrier o, and at the other by the end-framing a; upon which end of the shaft is keyed a pinion p, taking into the ordinary frontroller gearing p*.

A strap or belt 2, proceeds from the cone pulley m, to another cone pulley q, running loosely also upon the shaft g; upon this shaft is also keyed a pinion r, gearing with the wheels, mounted upon the shaft t; upon the end of which there is a pinion u, gearing into the wheel v, the stud of which carries a pinion w, driving a pair of wheels x, x, taking into the ordinary back-roller gearing.

The two cone pulley-straps 1, and 2, run between the forked strap-guides y, y, fixed to the slides and slide-rod z, z, which move upon the parallel guide-rods 3, 3; thus it will be seen, that the only action requisite to alter the speed of the roller-gearing and the front and back rollers, is to slide the rod x, either way, and pass the straps 1, and 2, either upon the larger or smaller diameters of the cone pullies, and consequently alter the speed of their rotation, and with them that of the roller-gearing.

Now it will also be seen, that the same motion of the series of cone pullies and roller-gearing, acts at the same time, and in a similar manner, upon the copping apparatus, in order to vary the speed and action of such mechanism, simultaneously with that of the drawing-rollers, by means of the copping apparatus, being actuated by a worm 4,

keyed upon the shaft of one of the wheels p*, driving the front-roller gearing.

The third feature of the improvements is seen at fig. 5, which is a side view of the wheel for regulating the lift or length of the cop, and is shewn, in its relative position, in figs. 2 and 4, at 5. Fig. 6, is an edge view of the same. a, a, is an ordinary ring of teeth or pins, to be worked by the pinion 6, at the bottom of the diagonal shaft 7; so that it will be seen, that as long as the copping-rail is required to be lifted, the wheel continues its ordinary rotary motion; but as soon as the lift is completed, any stop or lever, in connection with the machine, may be caused to strike against the part b, of this wheel, and cause it to swivel upon a centre-pin a fourth of a revolution, and thus leave a passage in the ring of pins or teeth, for the pinion to travel round from the back to the front of the wheel a, a, and thus to change the ordinary circular motion into a mangle wheel, and impart a returning or reciprocating action to the wheel a, a, and effect the lowering of the copping-rail. The part b, is shewn by dots, in the edgeview, as turned round, and the passage for the pinion open, as in an ordinary mangle motion. The swivel part b, is held firmly in its proper position by means of the tailspring c, acting upon a square, formed at the end of its centre-pin.

The patentees claim the peculiar method of changing the speed of the drawing-rollers, and the copping motion, in the manner and for the purpose herein particularly set forth and shewn in the drawings; and also the peculiar construction of a toothed wheel, with a portion of the rim of teeth moveable upon a centre-pin, in order that it may be employed for a continuous circular motion, or a manglewheel motion, as found desirable in such machinery.[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, September, 1840.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To RICHARD SMITH and RICHARD HACKING, both of Bury, in the county of Lancaster, machine-makers, for certain improvements in the construction of machinery for spinning cotton and other fibrous substances.— [Sealed 16th March, 1840.]

THESE improvements consist in a novel arrangement and construction of mechanism, adapted for the purpose of rendering the driving head-stock of those particular spinning machines called "mules," self-acting.

As the various requisite evolutions of the mule are well understood by persons conversant with spinning, it is only requisite to describe those particular movements which are affected by this improved construction of head-stock:

Firstly." The going-out of the carriage," which commences in all mules simultaneously with the delivery of the cotton from the drawing-rollers, and the rotation of the spindles, and terminates when the "stretch" is completed, or the carriage, with the spindles, has arrived at its furthest destination from the drawing-rollers, when the rotation of the rollers cease, and the revolution of the spindles continues a short period.

Secondly." The backing-off" or uncoiling of the few spiral turns of yarn which are left on the bare or upper part of the spindle, during the process of spinning, which is accomplished by reversing the direction of the revolution of the spindles.

Thirdly." The winding-on" of the yarn to the spindle, in the form of a cop, which is required to be uniform in its tension throughout the different circumferences of the cop, during the "going-in" of the carriage.

Fourthly." The going-in" of the carriage, which proceeds simultaneously with the winding-on of the yarn, and takes the carriage again up to the drawing-rollers, when the mule is in a position to perform another stretch, or recommence its operation.

The principal feature of the improvements, is to perform these four movements, by means of the friction of contact

of certain rollers or pullies, each in connection with certain mechanism for performing such motions, respectively, at the required period.

The other requisite movements of the mule, such as depressing the fallers," or driving of the spindles, may be done in the usual manner.

In Plate II., fig. 1, is a plan or horizontal view of a self-acting mule head-stock, as seen from above; fig. 2, a side elevation of the same, the carriage end being shewn in section; fig. 3, is a vertical section, taken longitudinally through the head-stock; and fig. 4, is an end elevation of the same.

The framing of the head-stock is shewn at A, A; the carriage B, B, with the spindles c, c, run upon the rails D, D, taking the yarn from the drawing-rollers E, mounted upon the roller-beam F, as usual.

The main driving-pulley &, is keyed upon the main cross-shaft H, which has a pulley I, at the other end, and a strap J, extending around it, and the pulley K, upon the other cross-shaft L, for driving the spindles.

The going-out of the carriage is effected as follows:When the main driving-shaft G, revolves, a bevilled frictionpulley a, covered with leather or other friction surfaces, acts against a friction bevilled pulley b, which is brought in immediate contact with it: when the carriage, after having performed the previous stretch, is run in, this bevilled pulley b, slides upon a feathered shaft c, and now causes that shaft to revolve, carrying with it a bevilled pinion d, fixed at its other end, which drives the bevilled wheel e, at the upper end of the vertical shaft ƒ, (see fig. 2); upon the lower end of this shaft f, is keyed another bevilled pinion g, driving the bevilled wheel h, upon the end of the horizontal shaft i, which extends the whole length of the carriage-race; a small toothed pinion j, upon this shaft, gears with a toothed wheel k, upon the side of which is a notched wheel l, around which the chain m, passes, and into which it gears. One end of the chain m, is screwed to the back of the carriage B, and after passing round the wheel 7, proceeds around a grooved pulley n, at the further end of