5 Αττικός Αθηναῖος ἀρχαῖος μικρός 3 Attic Athenian primitive, ancient Εx. 11. ἡ γῆ ἐστι' πολεμία. ἀδελφοί ἐστε. ὁ ἄγγελός ἐστι δεξιός. τὰ ζῶα μικρά ἐστιν. τὸ ἔργον ἐστὶ θεῖον. ἀγαθοὶ ἔστε. ἀγαθοὶ ἐστέ. οἱ στρατιῶται ἦσαν Σπαρτιᾶται ἀγαθοί. οἱ ναῦταί εἰσι δεξιοί. νέος εἶ', ὦ 'Αθηναίε. μόνοι ἐσμέν. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν ἀγαθὸς στρατιώτης. οἱ ποιηταί εἰσι ταῖς Μούσαις φίλοι. οἱ κριταὶ' σοφοί. ὁ βίος τῶν ἀνθρώπων δῶρόν ἐστι τῶν θεῶν. 8 Poets The Attic Ex. 12. The life of the sailors was short. The time was short. The art of the poet is divine. are few. The wise and brave are few. land was the ancient seat of the muses. The lyre is the instrument of the poet. War was the art of the Spartans. The citizens were friendly. We were alone. You were wise and good. The brave soldiers were Spartans. The judges were wise and clever. The war was short. The brother of the poet Aeschylus was the soldier Ameinias. 25. The verb εἰμί, present system entire, Gr. 478. The imperative, however, had better be given here : 2. ἴσθι, thou shalt be 2. ἔστον 2. ἔστε 3. ἔστω Plural. 3. ἔστων 3. ἔστων, οι ἔστωσαν 1 Gr. 113 c, 116; 2115 a; 3 115 b; 4 604, also 87 (read 75); 8 Before attempting these exercises, MASTER the vocabulary. 26. Personal endings of the imperative active, Gr. 380. Mood-signs and personal endings of the subjunctive and optative active, Gr. first sentence of 417 (cf. 310 a, 372 a), 418 a, 379. 27. Syntax.-1. The subjunctive and optative moods express, in general, what is viewed as possible, or contingent. As, "if the sky should fall, we might catch larks” ; λέγωμεν let us speak; λέγοιμεν would that we might speak; Xéyoiμev3 åv we might speak. 1 2 2. Tenses always represent the action as completed, incomplete, or aoristic; but they mark the distinctions of time in the indicative mood alone.* For what is expressed as only possible or desirable, i. e., by the subjunctive, optative, or imperative, must be thought of as belonging to future time only; while what is expressed as a noun, i. e., by the infinitive, is, of course, not expressed as tense. When, therefore, λeyeтw he shall speak, is called a present imperative, the word "present" merely signifies "formed from the same stem, and expressing the same view of the action, as the present indicative" (Gr. 305'). Read App. 4. 1 Read Gr. 866, 1; 2 Read, noticing carefully the examples, 8701; 8 Read 8721; 4 Read 823. 28. Exercises on εἰμί, continued. Εx. 13. μόνοι ὦμεν. σοφοὶ εἶτε. σοφοὶ εἴητε ἄν. οἱ στρατιῶται εἶεν ἂν ὀλίγοι. ὁ στρατιώτης ἔστω ἀγα θός. ὁ ἄγγελος εἴη ἂν ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ ποιητοῦ. ὦμεν σοφοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοί. εἶμεν σοφοί. ἡ ἀρχὴ ἂν εἴη μικρά. αἱ ἄγκυραι ὀλίγαι ἦσαν καὶ μικραί. οἱ ἀθληταί εἰσι Σπαρτιᾶται. ὁ πόλεμος εἴη μικρός. ἡ ὁδὸς εἴη μικρά. οἱ θεοὶ εἶεν φίλιοι τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις. τῶν ναυτών. ὦμεν οἱ ἄγγελοι Let us be Ex. 14. We should be friends. They are Athenian hoplites. They might be Spartans. citizens of a friendly land. O that we might be friends of the judge! The Spartans were good soldiers. They shall be alone. The muse is friendly to the judge. The rule of the Spartans was brief. The way is short. Let the war be brief. The son-ofAtreus was a Spartan. The messengers of the Athenians were friendly to the Spartans. Let the gifts be few. The gifts for the friend of the sons-of-Atreus are small and few. 29. Paradigm λύω present and imperfect active, of all moods, Gr. 314; cf. 311 b, c. Elements.-Augment, Gr. 354-357 (coarse print). Variable suffix-so-called "connecting vowel "Gr. 310 (372 a), 408, 374. Personal endings, active, Gr. 375–382. NOTE.The synopses of the several tense-systems, in the first person singular, are given in Gr. 313, and can be there studied, if more convenient, as tense after tense is assigned. EXPLANATIONS.—λύω is from λυο-μι, Gr. 383, 1; 33 8. λύεις is for λυε-σι, Gr. 407. Or, 30. Syntax.-Negative particles, Gr. 1018. more specifically, μn is used when the negation is willed, assumed, or aimed at, i. e., in imperative, conditional and final sentences; otherwise où. NOTE. In the preparation of subsequent exercises let the student be specially careful about the analysis of verbs. 1 The supposed primitive forms of the present indicative of λέγω Ex. 15. ὁ' Κῦρος τῷ στρατῷ δῶρα ἔφερεν. ὁ ἄγγε‐ λος λεγέτω τῷ στρατηγῷ τὰς μηχανὰς τῶν πολεμίων. οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὐκ ἄν εἶεν φίλοι γλώσσῃ ἀλλὰ ἔργῳ”. ὁ Φοῖβος τῇ θείᾳ φωνῇ λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ. ἀκούω τοὺς πολίτας φόβῳ· μένειν. ἀκούομεν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ ποιητοῦ. ἔγραφες τὴν ἐπιστολήν ; ὁ Κῦρος τὸν στρατὸν ἄγοι. οἱ ἄγγελοι τὴν ἐπιστολὴν φέροιεν ἄν. μὴ ἀκούοιμεν τοὺς στρατιώτας τῶν πολεμίων φέρειν ἐπιστολὰς τῷ στρατηγῷ. ἤκουες τοὺς ναύτας ἀδελφοὺς εἶναι ; οἱ πολῖται τοὺς κριτὰς ἀγαθὰ ἂν λέγοιεν. τῇ θεᾷ δῶρα φέρωμεν. ἀκούω τοὺς στρατιώτας τῇ θεᾷ δῶρα φέρειν. ὁ Σπαρτιάτης τὸν στρατὸν ἀγέτω. 7 5 Ex. 16. Friendship' is' a gift of the gods to men. Time is a judge of man's work. not be hostile to the wise few. The people should Wisdom is not a 6 small (thing). The Athenians were carrying gifts to the goddess. Let the wise Athenian lead. Let us write a friendly letter to the man. I hear that the messenger of the citizens is waiting. Do you hear the voice of the goddess? The soldiers shall bring gifts. Plutarch wrote the lives of worthy men. The soldiers should obey the general. The citizens should not bring gifts to the judges. The flight of the Persians was irrational. I hear that the brother of the poet Aeschylus is the soldier Ameinias. 32. Elements of the Verb, continued.Root, theme, etc., Gr. 307, 308. 6 Gr. 556, 3; 7 824 a; 9 Gr. 663. 1 Gr. 663; 2 779 b; 3 658; 4 776; 5 725 a. 8 617. Words in parenthesis are not to be rendered. |