and making glass of any stuff or metal with sea coal, or any fuel not being wood, within England and Wales;

And to erect

and set up furnaces, and to utter and sell the glass so made:

tery, of melting all other kind of glass, glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, or vessels whatsoever made of glass, of any fashion, stuff, matter, or metal whatsoever, heretofore used, or hereafter to be devised or used, in this our realm of England and Wales, and the dominions thereof, or elsewhere, with sea coal, pit coal, or any other fuel whatsoever, not being timber or wood, nor being made of timber or wood, and throughout this our realm of England and Wales, and the dominions thereof, and within every or any part of them, or any of them, and to make, erect, and set up, as many furnaces, engines, structures, and devices, for that intent and purpose, and in as many places of our said realm and dominions, as he or they shall think fit, agreeing with the owners of the soil for the same; and the glass and glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, and vessels, so made, to utter or sell, in gross or by retail, or otherwise to do away, at his and their, or any of their free will and pleasure, to his and their profit and commodity, during all the said term hereinafter mentioned; and that he, the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, and assigns, and his or their deputies, servants, workmen, and agents, having license from the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall and may, from time to time during the said term, have and enjoy the sole trade of making and melting of all manner of drinking glasses, broad glasses, window glasses, looking glasses, and all other kind of glass, glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, or vessels, in form aforesaid; and that no other, during the said term, shall or may use or practise the art or feat of making or melting of any glass with timber or wood, nor with pit coal or sea coal, or other fuel, not being timber or wood, nor made of timber or wood: To have, hold, use, exercise, practise, and put in use the said license, liberty, privilege, authority, immunity, of and for melting and making of all and all manner of drinking glasses, broad glasses, window glasses, looking glasses, and all other kind of glass, glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, and vessels whatsoever, with sea coal, pit coal, and other fuel, not being timber or wood, or made of timber or wood, in all parts and places within our said kingdom and dominions, unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, deputies, and assigns, and their and every of their servants, workmen, factors, and agents, for and during the whole term, and to the full end and determination of fifteen years next ensuing the date of these our letters patent, fully to be complete and ended; freely and absolutely, without any rent, account, sum or sums of money, reckoning, allowance, or any other thing whatsoever, to us, our heirs or successors, to be therefore paid, made, given, answered, or done, in any manner of wise. And to the end the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors and assigns, may receive, perceive, and have such benefit, profit, and commodity, as we intend unto him and them by this our grant, and as

To have said

privileges for fifteen years,

and free from

all rent.

Prohibitory part.

every

to make glass with sea

without the con

the perfecting of so great a work with such care and hazard deserveth, and for the better encouraging of him and them to reduce the said business to a further perfection, we do hereby expressly declare and signify our royal pleasure to be, and we do No persons to strictly charge, inhibit, and command all and other our attempt loving subjects, and all and every other person and persons, of coal, or fuel what estate, degree, or condition, they, or any of them, be, that other than wood, they presume not nor attempt by any art, act, or device whatso- sent of Mansell; ever, directly or indirectly, to make any manner or kind of drinking glasses, broad glasses, window glasses, looking glasses, or any other kind of glass, glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, or vessels whatsoever made of glass, as aforesaid, with sea coal, pit coal, or any other fuel, not being timber or wood, nor made of timber or wood, at any time during the said term, without the especial consent and license in writing of the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, or assigns; but that the full and whole benefit and profit of making of all and all kinds of glass and glasses whatsoever, as aforesaid, with pit coal, sea coal, and other fuel, not being timber or wood, nor made of timber or wood, within every part of our said kingdom and dominions, shall be and remain, during all the said time and term, to the sole and only behoof, disposition, and use, of the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, deputies, and assigns, and to none other person or persons whatsoever; and we do further by these presents straitly charge, command, and prohibit, and do signify our royal will and pleasure to be, that no person or persons whatsoever, of what estate, degree or condition soever they or any of them be, other than the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, deputies, and assigns, and such as shall be licensed, authorised, and set on work, by him or them, or any of them, do, shall, or may, at any time hereafter, during the term of years before mentioned, practise, erect, or set up, by Or practise, any ways or means, the said art and feat of making of any kind erect, or set up, of glass or glasses, bugles, bottles, vials, or vessels whatsoever, or any furnace or furnaces for making thereof, within our said kingdom and dominions, upon pain of our heavy displeasure, and due punishment for the contempt of our royal commandment in that behalf. And we do by these presents give and Power to search grant unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, adminis- out offences. trators and assigns, deputies, factors and agents, and every of them, full power, liberty and authority, from time to time, and at all times, during the said term, by all lawful ways and means, to search, try, and find out, all offences and acts committed and done contrary to the true intent and meaning of these our letters patent. And likewise for us, our heirs and successors, we Authority to sell the glass, and to do hereby of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere export what is motion, give and grant unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his not required at executors, administrators, deputies, assigns, factors, agents and home, paying

the said art.

usual customs.

mayors, &c., to

sons acting in

violation of these presents.

servants, free power, liberty, license, and authority, to utter and sell, in gross or by retail, such kind of glass or glasses before mentioned, as shall be made by virtue of these our letters patent; and if he or they shall have more than will serve us, and the subjects of us, our heirs and successors, that then he and they, and such others as shall buy the glass, made as aforesaid, of him or them, or any of them, to transport and carry over unto foreign parts, so many and so much thereof as they shall think fit, paying unto us, our heirs and successors, the customs due to be paid for the same, and leaving sufficient quantity for us, our heirs and successors, and our or their subjects at reasonable Exchequer writs prices. And we do further, for us, our heirs and successors, to be issued to will and grant by these presents, that our Treasurer, Chancellor, search after per- and Barons of the Exchequer, for the time being, or any of them, by force of this our grant, or the enrolment thereof in our Court of Exchequer, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, during the said term, upon the request of the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, assigns or agents, shall grant, make and direct, under the seal of our said Court of Exchequer, such and so many writ and writs, close or patent, unto such Mayors, Bailiffs, Sheriffs, Customers, Comptrollers, Searchers, and other officers of us, our heirs and successors, in such shires, counties, cities, towns, boroughs, and other places whatsoever, within our said realm of England and Wales, and the dominions thereof, as the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors or assigns, shall at any time, and from time to time, require, thereby charging and commanding the said officers, and every of them, diligently and carefully to inquire, try, search, and find out, all and every person and persons, as, contrary to the true intent and meaning of these our letters patent, shall at any time during the said term, make, utter, or sell, any such kind of glass or glasses whatsoever, hereinbefore mentioned, or build, make, erect, use, or set up, or cause to be builded, made, erected, or set up, any such furnace or furnaces, structures, engines, or devices, for the melting or making of any the sorts or kinds of glass or glasses before mentioned, until they understand the pleasure of our said Treasurer, Chancellor, and Barons of our said Court of Exchequer, in that behalf, and further order by The officers of them taken therein. And we do hereby, for us, our heirs and the Exchequer to demolish fur- successors, will and command the Treasurer, Chancellor, and naces and pun- Barons of the Exchequer, for the time being, and every of them,

ish offenders.

that they, or any of them, upon complaint made by the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, or assigns, in that behalf, do all that in justice they may, as well for the demolishing of the said furnaces, structures, engines, and devices, set up or devised contrary to the true intent of these presents, as for the apprehension and lawful punishment of such as shall offend against any part of these our letters patent. And, for the

Mansell with a

peace officer to

houses.

better execution of this our grant, we do hereby, for us, our Authority to heirs and successors, give and grant full power, license, and authority, unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, depu- enter into glass ties, and assigns, by himself or themselves, or his or their agents, factors, or servants, with the assistance of some officer appointed for preservation of the peace, to enter into any glass house or glass houses, and other place or places whatsoever, within any part of any of our kingdoms and dominions, as well within liberties as without, where any such furnaces, structures, engines, or devices, shall be made or set up, contrary to the true intent of these presents; or where any glass is made contrary to the privilege hereby granted shall probably and reasonably be suspected to be, and there, by all lawful ways and convenient means, to try and search for all and all manner and kind of any the glass or glasses before in these our letters patent mentioned, and glass works erected or made in any part of our said kingdom or dominions, to be bought or sold contrary to the true intent and meaning of these our letters patent, or to any law, proclamation, ordinance, statute, in that behalf made or ordained, or to be made or ordained; and if upon search they shall find any such glass or glasses made, or any glass work or furnace built or erected, contrary to the true intent and meaning of these presents, that then, with all convenient speed, he or they do signify the same to us, our heirs or successors, or to the Treasurer, Chancellor, and Barons of our Exchequer, or any of them, for further order to be taken therein, as shall appertain; and further, that he and they, and every of them, do carefully and diligently labour and endeavour that the true intent and meaning of these our letters patent may be truly observed; and if, in execution thereof, he or they, or any of them, shall find any resistance, then to certify the same unto our said Court of Exchequer, to the end the offenders therein may receive condign and deserved punishment for their several offences. And we All mayors, &c. do further hereby straitly charge and command all Mayors, to further the Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Bailiffs, Constables, officers, and accomplishment of the premises. ministers, and all other the subjects of us, our heirs and successors, to the aiding and assisting unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators, deputies, assigns, factors, and workmen, in all reasonable things concerning the accomplishment of these our letters patent; and they or any of them do not, at any time or times, hinder, molest, interrupt or disturb the execution thereof, as they tender our heavy displeasure, and will avoid our indignation. And we do likewise charge the The Attorney Attorney General of us, our heirs and successors, for the time General to assist being, to be aiding and assisting to the said Sir Robert Mansell, the enrolment his executors, administrators, and assigns, in the maintaining patent to be and upholding of this our grant and privilege, and in complain- their warrant. ing against such as shall withstand or impugn the same, whereby

E

are commanded

in the same, and

of the letters

hinder the im

And

they may be censured and punished according to justice, and these our letters patent, or the enrolment of them, shall be their Nothing herein sufficient warrant and discharge in that behalf. Provided always, contained to and our will and pleasure is, that this our present grant, or any portation from thing therein contained, shall not extend or be construed to Scotland, or any foreign parts, of extend, to debar, hinder, or let, any person or persons whatsoany glass cast ever to import or bring, or cause to be imported or brought, into therein. this our realm of England and the dominion of Wales, and there to utter, sell and dispose of any glass or glasses, of what kind or sort soever, made within our realm of Scotland, or in any foreign parts beyond the seas; but that it shall be lawful for all person and persons to import into, and utter and sell within, the said realm of England and dominion of Wales, or any of them, or any part of them, any glass or glasses whatsoever made within the said realm of Scotland, or any foreign parts, as aforesaid, any thing in these presents contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, paying, nevertheless, unto us, our heirs and successors, such customs, subsidies, impositions, and other duties, as shall be due and payable for the said glass and glasses so to The letters pa- be imported, at the time of the importation of the same. strued most fa- lastly, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, of our further especial grace and favour, grant unto the said Sir Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators and assigns, that these our letters patent, or the enrolment of them, shall be taken, construed and adjudged, in all and every our Courts of gines to be used, Justice, and elsewhere, to be most available for the said Sir or not naming Robert Mansell, his executors, administrators and assigns, the kind of glass to be made. against us, our heirs and successors, notwithstanding the not describing certainty of the form of the furnaces, structures, engines and devices, to be used for the melting and making of all manner of drinking glasses, broad glasses, window glasses, looking glasses, or any other kind of glass, glasses, bugles, bottles, vials or vessels whatsoever; and notwithstanding the not particular naming, or misnaming, of the kind or manner of glasses to be made by virtue of this our grant, or the sizes or scantling of the same; and notwithstanding any other defects and uncertainties in the same; any statute, law, provision, proclamation, or restraint to the contrary, and although express mention, &c. In witness, &c.

tent to be con

vourably for Mansell, notwithstanding the not describing

the form of the furnaces or en

By writ of Privy Seal.

In the Journals of the House of Commons (p. 469) 20th April, A. D. 1614, 12 Jac. is the following: "Sir Edwin Sands-Reporteth the monopoly for glass, &c. A pregnant monopoly, showing a present likelihood of a new for making iron -that the new patent a strong monopoly, a surreptitious patent.

"The patent read by the clerk, and the names of the petitioners.

"Mr. Fuller.-Ruled in the King's Bench against a monopoly of cards, which unnecessary; where glass necessary-this as dangerous as the impositions. Now to glass, after to iron, after to all other trades. This like taking away the mill-stone from the poor.

"Ordered upon the question without one negative, that the patentees shall bring in their patent to the committees for petitions upon Monday after