done them no injury. This was the primary motive of that absolute and complete neutrality which I claimed of your imperial majesty by the letter which I took the liberty of addressing to your majesty on the 8th instant. Every thing persuades me to adhere to this system. I be seech you, sire, to believe that I shall never depart from it, and that the menaces of France will also be wholly ineffectual to make me abandon this invariable resolution.-I shall not fatigue your majesty with a detail of the conferences that have taken place during the residence of the prince of Schwartzenberg at my court. Your majesty will condescend to call to mind, that at that period he had no power to accede to the demands which I had preferred, and that the retreat of my troops had been constrained by the necessity of saving them from the disgrace of being disarmed, with which they were openly menaced. I say nothing of what has since passed. The melancholy picture of these events has pierced my heart; it would be no less afflicting to that of your imperial majesty if you were acquainted with them to the full extent.-And now your imperial and royal majesty will do me that justice to which I am well entitled, if you will but persuade yourself that, whatever may be the course of events, nothing shall ever alter the respectful devotion with which I am, &c. &c.

The emperor of France has compelled me to take up arms. To his ardent desire of military achievements, his passion to be recorded in history, under the title of a conqueror, the limits of France, already so much enlarged and defined by sacred treaties, still appear too narrow. He wishes to unite in his own hands all the ties upon which depends the balance of Europe. The fairest fruits of exalted civilization, every species of happiness which a nation can enjoy, and which results from peace and concord; every thing which, even by himself, as the sovereign of a great civilized people, must be held dear and estimable, is to be destroyed by a war of conquests: and thus the greater part of Europe is to be compelled to submit to the laws and mandates of France.

This project announces all that the emperor of France has perform ed, threatened, or promised. He respects no proposition which reminds him of the regard prescribed by the law of nations to the sacredness of treaties, and of the first obligations which are due towards foreign independent states. very time that he knew of the mediation of Russia, and of every step which, directed equally by a regard to my own dignity, and to the feelings of my heart, 1 adopted for the re-establishment of tranquillity, the security of my states, and the promotion of a general peace, his views were fully disclosed, and no choice was left between war, and un-armed, abject submission!-Under these circumstances, I took hold of that hand which the emperor of Russia, animated by the noblest feelings in behalf of the cause of justice and independence, stretched forth to

support

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support me. Far from attacking the throne of the emperor of France, and keeping steadily in view the preservation of peace, which we so publicly and sincerely stated to be our only wish, we declared in the presence of all Europe, "that we "would, in no event, interfere in "the internal concerns of France, C6 nor make any alteration in the new constitution which Germany "received after the peace of Lune"ville." Peace and independence were the only objects which we wished to attain; no ambitious views, no intention, such as that since ascribed to me, of subjugating Bavaria, had any share in our councils. But the sovereign of France, totally regardless of the general tranquillity, listened not to these overtures. Wholly absorbed in himself, and occupied only with the display of his own greatness and omnipotence, he collected all his force, compelled Holland and the elector of Baden to join him; whilst his secret ally, the elector palatine, false to his sacred promise, voluntarily delivered himself up to him; violated, in the most insulting manner, the neutrality of the king of Prussia, at the very moment that he had given the most solemn promises to respect it; and by these violent proceedings, he succeeded in surrounding and cutting off a part of the troops which I had ordered to take a position on the Danube and the Iller, and finally, in compelling them to surrender, after a brave resistance.-A proclamation no less furious than any to which the dreadful period of the French revolution gave birth, was issued, in order to animate the French army to the highest pitch of courage. Let the intoxication of success, or the unhallowed and ini

quitous spirit of revenge, actuate the foe: calm and firm I stand in the midst of twenty-five millions of people, who are dear to my heart, and to my family. I have a claim upon their love, for I desire their happiness. I have a claim upon their assistance, for whatever they venture for the throne, they venture for themselves, their own families, their posterity, their own happiness and tranquillity, and for the preserva tion of all that is sacred and dear to them.--With fortitude the Austrian monarchy arose from every storm which menaced it during the preceding centuries. Its intrinsic vi gour is still undecayed. There still exists in the breasts of those good and loyal men, for whose prosperity and tranquillity I combat, that antient patriotic spirit which is ready to make every sacrifice, and to dare every thing to save what must be saved; their throne and their independence, the national honour and the national prosperity.-From this spirit of patriotism on the part of my subjects, I expect, with a proud and tranquil confidence, every thing that is great and good; but above all things, unanimity, and a quick, firm, and courageous co-operation in every measure, that shall be ordered, to keep the rapid strides of the enemy off from our frontier, until those numerous and powerful auxiliaries can act, which my exalted ally, the em peror of Russia, and other powers, have destined to combat for the liberties of Europe, and the security of thrones and of nations. Success will not forsake a just cause for ever; and the unanimity of the sovereigns, the proud manly courage, and the conscious strength of their people, will soon obliterate the first disasters. Peace will flourish again;

and

and in my love, my gratitude, and their own prosperity, my faithful subjects will find a full compensation for every sacrifice which I am obliged to require for their own preservation. In the name, and at the express command of the emperor and king,

Francis Count Saurau.

Proclamation of Lieutenant - General Deroy, to the Bavarian Army.

Soldiers,-Your country has called you to its defence. In the midst of peace our elector has been attacked by Austria: Bavaria has been overrun by her troops. Your prince wished to remain neutral; and you have seen yourselves forced to avoid the Austrian armies in order to prevent an engagement. But Austria requires your being incorporated with her army: she wishes you to be disarmed. You know the manner in which you were treated in former campaigns. Then you fought for that power: you marched together, and you submitted to excessive fatigues. What would have been your fate, if, when dispersed in that army, you had not dared to call yourselves Bavarians, the faithful subjects of Maximilian Joseph? -You, Bavarians, would not allow yourselves to be disarmed, you, who at the moment of the enemy's invasion, have traversed through his columns for the purpose of rejoining your colours.You, Suabians and Franconians, who, at the first signal, came to unite yourselves with your brethren in arms; you will not suffer yourselves to be dishonoured. Avenge the prince whom you love; avenge the unprovoked injuries which

you have received; come to the camp, in order to conquer peace for your country. The great emperor of the French has joined us with all his forces. Full of confidence in Providence, and in the justice of our cause, do not allow your country to be oppressed. Soldiers, let us possess your courage and confidence, and we shall be victorious,

Proclamation of Prince Eugene, Viceroy of Italy, Arch-Chancellor of the French Empire, to all the People of the Kingdom of Italy. Given at Milan, October 1st,

1804.

People of the kingdom of Italy, the cabinet of Vienna has determined upon war, both against you and the French people. That cabinet has dared to say, that the war has been provoked by France and Italy. Undoubtedly it will not be easy for it to make you credit this strange calumny. People of Italy, you know whether, during the last five months, Austria has for a moment ceased to collect forces under your eyes, to victual her fortresses, and to menace your frontiers. You are able to judge whether the emperor of the French and king of Italy, though informed of all these hostile preparations, whereat you were justly alarmed, has not been in a manner deaf to the statements of the injustice and faithlessness of the cabinet of Vienna. You know whether, at the moment when you were daily threatened with seeing your territory invaded, Napoleon did not re fuse to hearken to your alarms, and to order suitable military dispositions to dissipate them. In a word, you know how often you have been sur

prised,

prised, alarmed, and have even complained of the patience of Napoleon. -Napoleon would not believe that war was possible. He demanded explanations: he did not recal his ambassador: he considered the residence at Paris of the ambassador from Vienna, as a pledge that the house of Austria wished for peace: and hence it was that the armies of that house, taking advantage of the generous confidence of Napoleon, invaded the territory of a prince of the empire, of a prince guilty of the unpardonable crime of having remained faithful to treaties, and of having continued our ally. Unac. countable blindness, which has led the emperor of Germany to compel those states to take refuge under the protection of the emperor of the French, which he had at his coronation been bound to protect and defend. The cry of the Bavarian people has been heard by Napoleon. Napoleon is gone to put himself at the head of his armies. Soon shall the crime perpetrated against Bavaria be avenged. After a few efforts, peace, which has so often been grant. ed, and so often offered by Napoleon, shall be secured for a long period. People of the kingdom of Italy! I am in the midst of you, such as my august and dearly bebeloved father-in-law, who has placed me here, has wished that I should be. On my part I will take care that your property shall be respected, and your laws and constitutions preserved. Unquestionably, even with the greatest valour, there is yet cause for a people, still with out defence, to apprehend those misfortunes which are inseparable from the state of war. Rely upon my zeal for the performance of all my duties rely upon the sentiments of

my heart, which I have declared to you. People of Italy, I will remove from you all the inconveniencies which I possibly can. I expect from you, zeal, attachment, and courage. You know the unlimited confidence which you all ought to place in that part of the French army, which is destined for Italy. You know the coufidence which is due to the darling son of victory, to whom the emperor has entrusted the care of defending you. People of Italy! Napoleon relies entirely upon you: rely entirely upon him. Napoleon has on his side the God of armies, always terrible to the perjured. He has in his favour his own glory, his genius, the justice of his cause, the valour and fidelity of the people of Italy. Our enemies shall be vanquished.

The Prince Eugene,

Proclamation addressed to the Inhabitants of the Electorate of Hano ver by Lieutenant General Don. Given at Stadt, November 20th.

I George Don, lieutenant-general in the service of his majesty of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, commander-in-chief of a corps of British troops upon the continent, hold it for my first duty, upon my arrival in his majesty's German states, to make known and declare hereby to the inhabitants of the electorate of Hanover, that the principal object of the troops I have the honour to command, is to effect the evacuation of his majesty's German states, and to undertake the defence of the same, against the enemy.-The well-known discipline of the troops under my command, is to me the best assurance of their good

conduct"

conduct towards the subjects of their lawful sovereign; but, contrary to my expectation, should any wellgrounded complaint be brought be fore me, I shall investigate its merits with impartiality, and remedy the same accordingly without delay Ilis Britannic majesty, my gracious sovereign, is convinced, that his beloved German subjects will receive his troops in the most friendly manner; I therefore, in his majesty's name, and by his express command, invite all persons, whose circumstances will permit, to enter into the military service, particularly those who have previously belonged to the Hanoverian army.-I invite them, without delay, to join the British standard, where I shall insure to them every privilege attached to his majesty's German legion. With our forces thus united, we shall then oppose a check to the unlawful demands of the enemy; and we may thus the more confidently reckon upon the good consequences of our efforts, being armed with the justice of our cause; in behalf of our king and our country. Given at Stadt, November 20th, 1805. (Signed)

relation on our part. The love of truth alone, and the wish to adduce none but well authenticated facts, have hitherto prevented the appearance of this relation. In the mean while, it is necessary to correct some of the statements of the French bulletins, particularly the 30th, and to lay them before the public.-General Savary spoke with two persons only belonging to the emperor's suite; and, excepting these, he only saw some field adjutants, who had brought dispatches from their chiefs, or were in waiting to transmit orders to them.-The chief of the French nation might not have derived any pleasure from the conversation of Prince Dolgorucky; but he at the same time forgot that the Russians did not belong to those na tions who sought his protection.The number of the allied army, as stated in the bulletins, "was 105,000

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shal and two generals of division. The combined army, on the other hand, consisted of 52,000 Russians and 17,000 Austrians.-But this inferiority in number was the least misfortune in the Russian army: the scarcity of provisions was so great, that for nearly two days preceding the battle, they had nothing to eat. The horses were famished to such a degree, that those belonging to the artillery could no longer draw. Of course, in the battle, the artillery was of little use, excepting in those stations where it was first planted.

The