18. Manheim.-Letters from Gottingen announce, as the final result of the events which have taken place in that city, that the University has lost nearly half of its students, the number of whom is reduced from 1,200 to about 600. In these 600 are comprised all those of the kingdom of Hanover, of the Duchy of Brunswick, and the major part of those of the Duchy of Nassau. The latter Duchy not having an university of its own, that of Gottingen has been marked out for a year as the one where the youth of Nassau should study. The number of foreign students who have returned to Gottingen does not exceed 100.

On the evening of the 19th, at seven o'clock, a most shocking accident happened in Furnival'sinn-court, Holborn. A great

number of small children were playing in the court, when a wall, which the workmen were taking down in the old buildings, preparatory to the new improvements in the inn, suddenly gave way; happily those who observed it escaped; some were severely bruised; but the poor children, who were caught and buried in the mass of bricks and rubbish, were some of them taken out at eight o'clock in so bad a state they are not expected to survive; one child was quite dead. The

number buried in the ruins was not known, but the workmen continued digging at a late hour last night.

In the course of last month, the Bishop of Dijon received the following Circular from the Minister of the Interior:

(Signed)

"LAINE." On the Receipt of this letter, the Bishop addressed a pastoral letter to the different curates and inhabitants of the departments of the Cote d'Or and Haute Marne, in which he congratulated them, that the errors to which his instructions were especially applicable did not prevail in the communes under his jurisdiction.

Constitution for the Grand Duchy of Baden.-Charles, by the grace of GOD, Grand Duke of Baden, Duke of Zahringen, Landgrave of Nellenburgh, Count of Hanau, &c.

In the year 1816, when we once more announced to Our subjects

subjects our intention to give to our Grand Duchy a representative constitution, we cherished the wish and the hope that all the members of the Confederation would agree upon a fixed and invariable basis for that institution, which has been promised to all the nations of Germany, and which, in the developement of the established principles only, each single state might, having regard to existing relations, apply to its particular wants.

As, however, after the last • votes emitted on this object in the Diet, the period cannot be precisely foreseen when the form of the representative constitutions may become the subject of common deliberation, we consider ourselves bound to carry into effect the assurance given by us to our subjects, in the way and manner corresponding with our firm, free, and intimate conviction.

Penetrated by the most sincere desire of drawing still closer the bonds of confidence subsisting between us and our people, and of bringing, in the way pointed out in these presents, all our political institutions to a higher degree of perfection, we have granted the following constitutional act, and hereby solemnly promise, in our own name and in that of our successors, to maintain it, and cause it to be maintained, faithfully and religiously :

I. Of the Grand Duchy, and the

Government in General.

1. The Grand Duchy forms a constituent part of the German Federation.

2. All organic decrees of the

Diet, which relate to the constitutional relations of Germany, to the relations of German citizens in general, form a part of the Baden public law, and shall be binding on all classes after the same has been notified by the head of the Government.

3. The Grand Duchy is indivisible and inalienable in all its parts.

4. The Government is hereditary in the Grand Ducal family, according to the dispositions of the declaration of the 4th of October, 1817; which declaration, as the basis of the domestic code, forms an essential constituent part of the Constitution, and is to be considered as verbally adopted in the present act.

5. The Grand Duke unites in himself all the prerogatives of State authority, and exercises them under the provisions contained in the Constitutional De

cree.

His person is sacred and inviolable.

6. The Grand Duchy has a Representative Constitution. II. Civil and Political Rights of the People of Baden, and par ticular Securities.

7. The civil rights of the people of Baden are equal in every respect wherein the Constitution does not particularly and expressly make an exception.

The Grand Ducal Ministers of State, and the whole of the Administration, are responsible for their strict obedience to the Constitution.

8. All Badenese contribute, without distinction, to all public charges. All exemptions from

direct or indirect taxes are repealed.

9. All citizens of the three Christian confessions have equal claims to all civil and military appointments, and all ecclesiastical offices.

All foreigners on whom we confer an office of state, obtain by that grant immediate naturalization.

10. Difference in birth and religion, along with the exceptions made by the Act of Federation for noble families, establishes no exception for military service.

11. The territorial charges and obligations declared redeemable, and the repealed duties on servitude shall be placed by a particular law on a regular footing of purchase.

12. The law of the 14th of August, 1817, respecting the freedom of transports, shall be considered an essential part of the Constitution.

13. With respect to personal liberty and property, all Badenese are placed on an equal footing under the protection of the Constitution.

14. The tribunals are independent within the limits of their competency.

15. In criminal affairs no man can be withdrawn from his re

gular judges; no one can be arrested otherwise than according to the legal forms, nor detained more than 48 hours in prison without a hearing on the grounds of his arrest.

The Grand Duke can mitigate or entirely annul sentences, but cannot render them more

severe.

16. All confiscations of property are abolished.

17. The liberty of the press shall be exercised according to the future regulations of the Diet.

18. Every inhabitant enjoys undisturbed freedom of conscience, and equal protection with respect to his religious worship. 19. The political rights of the Christian religions are

three

equal.

20. Ecclesiastical property, and the property and revenues of institutions for education and charitable purposes, cannot be diverted from their object.

21. The dotations of both universities and other high literary establishments, whether consisting of particular estates and revenues, or of grants from the public treasury, shall not be diminished.

22. Every obligation of the State to its creditors is inviolable.

The establishment of the Sinking Fund will be maintained on its present system.

23. The privileges which were, by the Edict of the 23rd April, 1818, granted to the former States of the Empire belonging to the Grand Duchy and the immediate Imperial Knights, form an essential part of this Constitution.

24. The relative privileges of the servants of the State are guaranteed by the Constitution in the same manner as they are at present by law established.

25. The lay and clerical widow chests, and the fire insurance, shall subsist as hitherto established under the protection of the Constitution.

III. The Diet-Rights and Duties of the Members.

of territorial deputies. All of the same rank of 25 years of age are eligible. The election is for

27. The First Chamber consists-1. Of the princes of the Grand Ducal House. 2. Of the heads of the noble families of the

former States. 3. Of the bishop of the Grand Duchy, and of a Protestant clergyman appointed for life by the Grand Duke, with the rank of a prelate. 4. Of eight deputies of the landed proprietors. 5. Of two deputies from the universities. 6. Of persons named members by the Grand Duke, independently of any claim on the grounds of rank or birth.

28. The princes of the Grand Ducal house and the other hereditary members, take their seats in the assembly on coming of age. With respect to those noble families which are divided into several branches, the head of each branch possessing a lordship of the empire is a member of the First Chamber.

The possessor of a lordship has no vote during his minority.

The heads of the noble families on whom the Grand Duke bestows the rank of High Nobility, take their seats also in the First Chamber, as hereditary members. They must, however, possess under the law of primogeniture and lineal descent, a family estate or fief, with revenues amounting to 300,000 guilders, after deduction of the taxes.

29. All the noble landed proprietors who have attained their 21st year, and reside in the country, have votes for the election

one-half of the territorial deputies go out.

The Grand Duke can give the right of suffrage and of eligibility to proprietors who possess family estate, or fief, producing

a

revenue after deduction of the taxes, &c., of at least 60,000 guilders.

30. In default of the Bishop, the Administrator of the bishoprick supplies his place in the first Chamber.

31. Each of the two Universities make an election for four years, from among the Professors, men of learning or public officers. The regular Professors only have votes.

32. The number of Members appointed by the Grand Duke to the First Chamber must never exceed eight.

33. The Second Chamber consists of 63 Deputies from the towns and bailiwicks, returned according to the list of distribution annexed to this Constitu

tional Decree.

34. The Deputies are to be chosen by eligible electors.

35. Whoever is an actual Member of the first Chamber, or by the choice of the landed proprietors is qualified for electing or being elected to it, cannot either, by appointment of the electors, exercise the right of voting, or be chosen as Elector or Deputy for the Towns and Bailiwicks.

36. All remaining subjects of 25 years of age who are domiciled as citizens in the electoral district,

district, or are invested with a public office, obtain by the choice of the Electors the right of suffrage and eligibility.

37. Every person not excluded by Art. 35 can, without respect to the place of his residence, be appointed a Deputy, who-

1. Belongs to one of the three Christian confessions.-2nd. Who has attained his 30th year-and 3rd, who is entered in the cadastre of lands, houses and moveable property, for at least a capital of 10,000 guilders, or an annual life rent of at least 1,500 guilders, from a family estate or fief, or a permanent salary or ecclesiastical income of like amount.

District officers, beneficed clergymen, physicians, and other clerical and lay local authorities, cannot be chosen as deputies for the electoral circle to which their official district belongs.

38. The deputies for the towns and bailiwicks are to be nominated for eight years, but so that one-fourth of the Chambers shall be renewed every two years.

39. Every new election of a deputy, which may become necessary on account of the dissolution of the assembly, or the regular vacation of members, requires a new nomination of electors.

40. Every member, on vacating his seat, is again eligible.

41. Each Chamber decides respecting the due election of its own members.

42. The Grand Duke convokes, prorogues, and can dissolve the Chambers.

43. In consequence of the dissolution of the Chambers, all the elected members, the Deputies of

the landed proprietors, of the Universities, and of the towns and bailiwicks, lose their character of Representatives.

44. Should the dissolution take place before the question under consideration is exhausted, a new election must follow within the period of three months at the furthest.

45. The Grand Duke appoints the President of the First Chamber for each Diet; the Second Chamber chooses three candidates for the Presidency, the election of one of whom is ratified by the Grand Duke for the duration of the Diet.

46. A Diet must be held every two years.

47. The members of neither

Chambers can vote by proxy.

48. The members are summoned to vote according to their own conviction. They must receive no instructions from their constituents.

49. During the session of the Diet, no member can be arrested without the express permission of the Chamber to which he belongs.

50. The Diet can only discuss the subjects referred to its deliberation by the present fundamental law, or especially brought under its consideration by the Grand Duke.

51. A commission of the representative body shall be formed of the President of the last sitting, three other members of the First, and six of the Second Chamber. The business of this commission is limitted to the cases expressly mentioned in the present decree, or to subjects referred to it from the last Diet, with the consent of the Grand Duke.

The