him as for his successors and the whole kingdom, henceforward to make no claim, direct or indirect, on the kingdom of Norway, or its bishopricks, dioceses, islands, or any other territory thereto belonging. All the inhabitants, in virtue of this renunciation, are released from the oath which they have taken to the King and Crown of Norway. V. His Majesty the King of Sweden binds himself on the other hand, in the most solemn manner, to cause the inhabitants of the kingdom of Norway and its dependencies, to enjoy, in future, all the laws, franchises, rights and privileges, such as they have hitherto subsisted. VI. As the whole debt of the Danish Monarchy is contracted, as well upon Norway as the other parts of the kingdom, so his Majesty the King of Sweden binds himself, as Sovereign of Norway, to be responsible for a part of that debt, proportioned to the populaon and revenue of Norway. By public debt is to be understood that which has been contracted by the Danish Government, both at home and abroad. The latter consists of Royal and State obligations, bankbills, and paper money formerly issued under Royal authority, and now circulating in both kingdoms. An exact account of this debt, such as it was on the 1st of Jan. 1814, shall be taken by Commissioners appointed to that effect by both Crowns, and shall be calculated upon a just division of the population and revenues of the kingdoms of Norway and Denmark. These Commissioners shall meet at Copenhagen, within one month after the exchange of the ratification of this treaty, and shall bring this affair to a conclusion as speedily as possible, and at least before the expiration of the present year; with this understanding, however, that the King of Sweden, as Sovereign of Norway, shall be responsible for no other portion of the debt contracted by Denmark, than that for which Norway was liable before its separation. VII. His Majesty the King of Sweden, for himself and his successors, renounces irrevocably and for ever, in behalf of the King of Denmark, all rights and claim to the Dukedom of Swedish Pomerania, and the Principality of the island of Rugen. These provinces, with all their inhabitants, towns, havens, fortresses, villages, islands, and all their dependencies, privileges, rights, and emoluments, shall belong in full sovereignty to the Crown of Denmark, and be incorporated with that kingdom. For this purpose his Majesty the King of Sweden engages, in the most solemn manner, both for himself, his successors, and the whole Swedish Kingdom, never to make any claim, direct or indirect, on the said provinces, islands, and territory; the inhabitants whereof, in virtue of this renunciation, are released from the oath which they have taken to the King and Crown of Denmark. VIII. His Majesty the King of Denmark solemnly engages in like manner, to secure to the inhabitants of Swedish Pomerania, the islands of Rugen and their dependencies, their laws, rights, franchises, and privileges, such as they now exist, and are contained in the acts of the years 1810 and 1811. As As the Swedish paper-money has never been current in Swedish Pomerania, so his Majesty the King of Denmark engages to make no alteration in this respect, without the knowledge and consent of the States of the Province. IX. As his Majesty the King of Sweden, by the 6th Article of the Treaty of Alliance, entered into at Stockholm, the 3d of March, 1813, with his Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland, bound himself to open, for the period of of 20 years, reckoning from the date of the exchange of the ratification of the treaty, the port of Stralsund, as an entrepot for all colonial produce, merchandise, and manufactures, brought from England and her colonies, in English or Swedish vessels, upon payment of one per cent. ad valorem on the goods thus introduced, and an equal duty on their removal from thence; so his Majesty the King of Denmark engages to fulfil this existing agreement, and to renew the same in his Treaty with Great Britain. X. The public debt, which is contracted by the Royal Pomeramian Chamber, remains chargeable on the King of Denmark, as Sovereign of the Dukedom of Pomerania, who takes upon himself the stipulations agreed upon for the reduction of the said debt. XI. The King of Denmark recognises the donations which the King of Sweden has given on the domains and revenues in Swedish Pomerania and the isle of Rugen, and which amount to the yearly sum of 48,000 Pomeranian rix dollars; his Majesty also binds himself to maintain the donatories in the full and undisturbed posses. sion of their rights and revenues, so that they may receive, sell, or make over the same, and that all may be paid them without any hinderance, and without duties and expences under whatsoever name. XII. Their Majesties the King of Sweden and the King of Denmark mutually engage never to divert from their original destination monies appropriated to objects of beneficence or public utility, in the countries thus reciprocally obtained by the present treaty, namely, the Kingdom of Norway and the Dukedom of Swedish Pomerania, with their respective dependencies. The King of Sweden in pursuance of this mutual agreement, engages to support the Universities of Norway, and the King of Denmark that of Grieswald. The payment of all public offices both in Norway and Pomerania, is to remain a charge upon the acquiring power, reckoning from the day of taking possession. Pensioners are to receive the pensions assigned to them by the preceding Government without interruption or change. XIII. As the King of Sweden, so far as is practicable, and as depends upon him, wishes that the King of Denmark may receive compensation for the renunciation of the Kingdom of Norway, of which his Majesty has given satisfactory proof in the cession of Swedish Pomerania and the Isle of Rugen, so his Majesty will use all his endeavours with the Allied Powers to secure, in addition, at a general peace, a full equivalent to Denmark for the cession of Norway. XIV. Immediately upon the signing signing of the present treaty, an account of the same shall be sent, with all possible speed, to the Ge. nerals and armies, in order that hostilities may wholly cease on both sides, both by sea and land. XV. The high contracting parties engage, that immediately after the signing of the present treaty, all contributions and requisitions of whatever kind and denomination, shall immediately cease, so as that even those which shall have been already ordered shall not be enforced. It is likewise agreed, that all property which has been sequestrated by the Army of North Germany, shall be restored to the owners. Herefrom are excepted such ships and ship-ladings as belonged to subjects of the King of Sweden and his Allies, and have been brought into the harbours of the Duchies of Sleswyk and Holstein; these shall remain with their present owners, who shall dispose of them as they think fit. [This article then arranges the mode in which the places in Holstein and Sleswyk, possessed by the allied troops, are to be evacuated by them.] Immediately on the signing of the present treaty the Swedish troops shall enter into Norway, and take possession of all the strong places there. His Majesty the King of Denmark binds himself to give the necessary orders to that effect. The Swedish troops shall deliver up Swedish Pomerania, and the Isle of Rugen, to the troops of the King of Denmark, as soon as the fortresses of Fredericksball, Konigswinger, Frederickstadt, and Aggerhuus have been taken possession of by the Swedish troops. DANISH DECLARATION.' By the care of the Danish government, the war, which already for fifteen years had devastated Europe, had not disturbed the repose of the Danish nation; when the King, for a moment, saw himself under the necessity of using defensive means, partly for the protection of his subjects' commerce, and partly for the security of his provinces bordering on Germany. The attack made by the English on his Majesty's capital, and carrying off the Danish fleet in the year 1807, put an end to the happy tranquillity which his Majesty had until then been enabled to preserve for his subjects. The Danish states at that time had the same common enemy with France, and the consequence was, that an alliance was sought, and concluded, with that power. The Emperor, openly and directly, promised men and money; and a numerous army immediately moved into the provinces belonging to his Majesty the King. It was agreed that the expense of its support should be defrayed by the French government, and this amounted to a sum of several millions of rix-dollars. Without undertaking any thing, however, this army remained a burthen longer than the Danish government thought requisite. The expense of its support remained unpaid, and the requests of Denmark on this point were equally fruitless, as those concerning the announced requisitions in money. The situation of the State, whose resources were already diminished by the naval war, and by these novel disbursements, became totally exhausted; and again suffered a most most prejudicial influence from the shutting of the continental ports, which was represented as one of the means for obtaining a general peace. The annexation of the Hanse Towns and contiguous provinces to the French empire, became afterwards a most heavy burthen, with regard to the commercial intercourse with Germany. Its effects extended even to literary connections. Earnest professions, which were frequently renewed, had given hopes that these obstacles, which were so directly contrary to the good understanding which his Majesty did all in his power to remain in with the French government, would have been removed, but these hopes always remained unfulfilled. Whilst the French army was retreating in the winter between 1812 and 1813, the imperial troops, which, according to a particular agreement, were to have remained for the protection of the frontiers of Holstein, were drawn away. As the French government had at the same time declared its intention of entering into negociations for peace with all its enemies, the King deemed it important for him to make overtures of peace to Great Britain. The alliance with France was now become of no utility. The King would willingly have prevented the cities of Hamburgh and Lubeck from again falling into the hands of the French, in order to keep the war from his own frontiers, and save from destruction those cities whose interests stood in such direct connection with those of his subjects; but his Majesty was obliged to desist from the prosecution of this plan: his interests, therefore, required that he should accept the offer made him, of renewing the alliance with France, and to give it a larger extension, in order to assure hint of a powerful assistance against those sovereigns who bad not hesitated to declare that they would support the demands of Sweden, which were so inimical to the integrity of his States. The King, on his part, conscientiously performed the stipulations of the treaty. Whilst his auxiliary troops were fighting by the side of the French, they received only a part of the pay, which, according to the agreement, was their due; and his Ma`jesty's subjects suffered a considerable loss, as well by the embargo laid on their property, which was deposited in the cities of Lubeck and Hamburgh, of which the French government took to itself the privilege of disposal, as by taking away the funds of the Bank in the last-mentioned city. The promises of restoration given, in consequence of the complaints thereon made, remained, equally with the reclamations made on the subject, without effect. It was assured by the treaty, that 20,000 men should be in readiness, to protect the Duchies and Jutland; but Marshal d'Eckmuhl quitted the position which covered those provinces, and retreated with all the troops under his command to Hamburgh, leaving the King's troops to their fate, and who were not able to withstand the superior force which was moving forward to effect an entrance into the country. The enemy's irruption into the Duchies, together with the loss of the fortresses, was followed by by the King's being forsaken by an ally, on whose assistance he had reasonable grounds for placing a reliance. His Majesty has been under the necessity of consenting to the greatest sacrifices, to protect the remaining part of his states from invasion, with which they were threatened by the combined troops of several Powers, and for the purpose of again recovering possession of those provinces which had fallen into the enemy's power. He recalled his Minister at the Court of the French Emperor, and declared to the Minister of his Imperial Majesty residing at his Court, that he could no longer consider him as being in that capacity, and that opportunity should be given him for his return to France. His Majesty likewise declares, that he will join the Sovereigns united against France, in order to assist in bringing about a general peace, for which all the nations of Europe are languishing, and which is so necessary for the Danish States. Middelfart, Jan. 17, 1814. ment which has entertained the ignominious thought, that flattering words and vain promises could induce you to infidelity towards your King; even so, as when they in the midst of peace, wantonly exercised the barbarous enmity of endeavouring to starve you, and thereby shake your courage, which they knew ever to have been undaunted. She now conceives you capable of the weakness, that you would expose yourself to the same unfortunate fate and yoke under which Sweden's sons grøan, to answer the ambition of a stranger, and fight abroad for foreign money! But the free people of Norway can fix their own destiny! Swear to found the independence of Norway! Call God to witness your sincerity, and supplicate the benediction of heaven on your dear country. It is God's will, loyal Norwegians, that I, the Hereditary Prince of Denmark's throne, should be at this conjuncture amongst you, that through the harmony which reigns in your hearts you may be saved. I have the public voice for independence, for serious and unlimited resistance against foreign violence. Inspired as I am for Nor Proclamation of Prince Christian way's happiness and honour, it is Frederick. Norwegians,-You have been informed that his Majesty King Frederick VI., notwithstanding the love he bears you, (which we have thankfully to acknowledge,) has been compelled, by the intrigues of the Swedish government, supported by numerous armies, to renounce his claims to the throne of Norway. With rage you have heard, that you are surrendered to a governVOL. LVI. a sufficient inducement to me to remain amongst this faithful people as long as I can be useful to their independence, and maintain tranquillity and order. Appointed by Providence to conduct at present the reins of this realm, I shall protect, with a firm hand, and without regarding dangers or difficulties, the security of Norway and its laws. An independent assembly of the most enlightened men of the nation shall, by means of a wise con2 C stitution, |